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1
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Opinia prawna w sprawie art. 71 ustawy o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej – Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu

100%
Szydło M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2015
|
issue 3(47)
193-233
EN
In the author’s view, Article 71 of the Act on the National Remembrance Institute (IPN) it is a good legislative product which does not require changes. The possible establishment of supervision of the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection of the processing of personal data by the IPN would be a disproportionate obstacle to the Institute’s work, especially since the existing legal instruments of data protection and the rights of persons whose data are processed, has already formed an effective and tight system. According to the author, those regulations are consistent both with Article 51 of Poland’s Constitution and with EU law and the provisions of Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, due to connections between the work of the Institute and the issue of protection of national security, that is a matter which remains the sole responsibility of Member States.
2
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Środki ochrony prawnej w systemie ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych

80%
Boniec-Błaszczyk D.
Zeszyt Prawniczy UAM
|
2022
|
issue Nr 12
23-34
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest problematyka środków ochrony prawnej funkcjonujących w systemie ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych. W artykule przedstawiono znaczenie środków ochrony prawnej dla ochrony danych osobowych w sprawach karnych w świetle podstawowych celów dyrektywy. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowi analiza, której poddano poszczególne środki ochrony prawnej przewidziane przez dyrektywę 206/680: prawo do wniesienia skargi do organu nadzorczego, prawo do skutecznego środka prawnego przed sądem od decyzji organu nadzorczego, prawo do skutecznego środka prawnego przed sądem przeciwko administratorowi lub podmiotowi przetwarzającemu oraz prawo do odszkodowania, poprzez porównanie przewidzianego w dyrektywie wzorca z polską regulacją.
EN
Abstract: The article deals with the issue of remedies in personal data protection scheme in criminal matters. It presents the relevance of remedies for the protection of personal data in criminal cases in the light of the fundamental objectives of Directive 2016/680. The main body of the article comprises an analysis of the remedies established by Directive 2016/680: the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, the right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority, the right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor and the right to compensation by comparing the model provided by Directive 2016/680 with the Polish regulation
3
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Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 39/12

80%
Kaleta K.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2013
|
issue 2(38)
274-312
EN
The opinion presents Sejm’s draft position in the proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal concerning the motion by the Prosecutor general for examination of the provisions authorizing the representatives of the Supreme Audit Office to process sensitive personal data. In the Sejm view, the questioned provisions, insofar as they enable inspectors from the Supreme Audit Office to process data revealing the racial or ethnic origin, political views, religious or philosophical beliefs, denominational, party or trade union affiliation, as well as genetic code data and those concerning one’s habits or sex life, violate the constitutional principle of proportionality in the context of right to privacy and the individual‘s information autonomy.
4
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INFORMATION SECURITY AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ON INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKS

80%
Sedlák V., Snižik E., Krajník M.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
|
2014
|
vol. 15(15)
258-268
EN
Modern human generation, especially the younger generation, in the digital world spends more and more time. Experts in the area recorded a significant increase of interest of people on social networks. On the present, in a frame of the so-called digital contacting the people themselves is to contact online social networks, perhaps the most popular form. Article mentions the risks of leakage and misuse of personal data on such online social networks.
5
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Ocena projektu ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych (druk sejmowy nr 2410)

80%
Szczepańska-Kulik I.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 2(58)
141-147
EN
Due to the fact that EU regulations are directly applicable in the Member States’ legal systems, a number of obligations concerning personal data protection is based directly on the GDPR. Thus the governmental bill regulates such issues which have been passed to be regulated or modified by national law. In principle, the bill does not give rise to any legislative objections. However, the author points to some solutions which haven’t existed in the Polish legal system (e.g. one-instance proceedings before The Chairman of the Personal Data Protection Office), as well as to solutions which raise doubts regarding their conformity to the GDPR (such as a public authority’s decision being binding for common courts). Moreover it was pointed out that a whole evaluation of GDPR’s implementation would be possible with regard to all regulations in that matter, including a bill concerning amendments of specific statutes (which is in the process of governmental work).
6
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości (druk sejmowy nr 2989)

80%
Sibiga G.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 4(60)
95-107
EN
The provisions of the bill indicated in the opinion raise doubts from the in terms of their compliance with the directive and complementarity with the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2016/679. Among others the adoption of the act in the designed form will result in the fact that, within a specified time, the obliged entities will not be able to apply any of the basic security principles specified in the act, what creates a risk for the actual data security. The project disperses regulations regarding the security of personal data in many normative acts. There are no sanctions for breach of personal data security obligations, what may be considered as a lack of implementation of the requirement set out in the Directive.
7
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości (druk sejmowy nr 2989) pod kątem bezpieczeństwa gromadzenia, przechowywania, przesyłania i dostępu do danych osobowych

80%
Kusak M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 4(60)
108-117
EN
Most of the legal solutions proposed in the bill are in line with the standards of Directive 2016/680 in the context of the security of collection, storage, transmission and access to personal data, and guarantees data security. However, in a number of places, the reviewed bill includes solutions that do not guarantee the security of personal data. These are, among others, Article 19 of the bill, which has not been used to increasing the data security, or Article 17 of the bill, which does not protect against reverse pseudonymisation. Gaps regarding data protection lacunas also appear in the bill, inter alia, in its Article 41, which is too narrow in terms of the scope of data processing and authorization to processing.
8
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Ocena rządowego projektu ustawy o ochronie danych osobowych przetwarzanych w związku z zapobieganiem i zwalczaniem przestępczości (druk sejmowy nr 2989) w świetle dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2016/680

80%
Jaroszyński T.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2018
|
issue 4(60)
87-94
EN
The bill does not contain proposals of provisions extending the subject of the act implementing the European Union law or beyond the framework of the Directive 2016/680. The bill includes proposals for provisions that may be considered incompatible with the European Union law or that incompletely implement acts of this law. In this regard, it would be required to improve the bill during further legislative proceedings.
9
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Glosa do Wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 25 sierpnia 2020 r., sygn. akt I OSK 3325/19

80%
Fajgielski P.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2021
|
issue 4(165)
137-146
EN
The commented judgment concerns the issues of protection of personal data in the activities of the Institute of National Remembrance. In the judgment of 25 August 2020, the Supreme Administrative Court decided that the information contained in the files of the Institute of National Remembrance shall be governed by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation, and the President of the Personal Data Protection Office supervises the processing of this data. When interpreting Article 71 of the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, the Supreme Administrative Court stated that this provision extends the application of the general regulation on data protection to data on deceased persons. The author does not agree with the interpretation presented in the judgment, considers it incorrect and presents arguments justifying a different interpretation of EU law on the protection of personal data.
10
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W sprawie problematyki prawa do informacji publicznej w kontekście przepisów rozporządzenia o ochronie danych osobowych

80%
Szczepańska-Kulik I.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2018
|
issue 5(148)
145–153
EN
The opinion refers to the issue of the right to public information in the context of the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The opinion was prepared in connection with the state in which the public information (a recording from city council’s session) was refused due to the provisions of the GDPR. Therefore, the area of analysis covered the issues of the right to public information towards the right to privacy and personal data protection (in the legal state after entry into force of the GDPR).
11

Processing of biometric information of employees in the light of the decision of theSupreme Administrative Court dated December 1, 2009 (I OSK 249/09)

80%
Korga M.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2011
|
issue 1(187)
125-142
EN
The decision of the Supreme Administrative Court (hereinafter referred to as "SAC") dated December 1, 2009 ( I OSK 249/09, LEX 553777) is the first ruling which raises the issue of processing biometric data of an employee by the employer in regard to Polish law. As a result of advancement in new technologies and means of communications over the past few years, as well as progress in the development of practices of work performance, the provisions of law in force applicable to personal data processing in employment relationships (Article 221 of Labour Code, in particular) have been out of touch with the demands of the contemporary world. The decision of the SAC dealt with the relation between the provisions of Labour Code and Personal Data Protection Act, combined with the issue of biometric data and the positions of respective parties in the employment relationship. It seems that SAC assumption that an employee who was asked to give consent for processing his personal data (biometric data in this specific case) was in an inconvenient situation was fundamental to the decision on the case in question. The employee's freedom to give consent or not is questionable in principle. SAC concluded that for the aforementioned reasons, the catalogue of data that employer was allowed to require from the employee was limited in the Labour Code. Furthermore, the SAC stated in the justification for the decision that the practice of invoking the consent given by an employee in order to support extension of the scope of personal data catalogue defined in the Labour Code was in conflict with the principle of appropriateness (proportionality). The Court pointed out that it was the principle of proportionality that represented the essential criterion applicable to biometric data processing. In the presented case the purpose, namely, control over employee working time was deemed inappropriate and failing to justify biometric data processing.
12
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Nieukierunkowana inwigilacja elektroniczna w świetle aktualnego orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

80%
Rojszczak M.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2022
|
issue 4 (40)
111-142
EN
In 2016, while testifying before a UK parliamentary committee, William Binney, former technical director of the US National Security Agency, stated that by implementing bulk surveillance programmes, “your government and my government has permitted what terrorists have wanted all along but could never achieve. That is to cause us to restrict our freedoms while also tripping up our efforts to stop them”.Despite the passage of years, controversy about the proportionality of the use of surveillance programmes involving indiscriminate and bulk data collection continues unabated. There are numerous arguments that such measures should not be used in democratic states. Despite the recurring reports of abuse and questionable usefulness of such solutions, there is also no shortage of arguments put forward by proponents of the use of untargeted measures proving the need (or even necessity) for their use for public security purposes.The issue presented here is also the subject of ongoing interest on the part of legislators and the judiciary. The article aims to provide an overview of the evolution of the ECtHR’s position on the use of electronic surveillance, in particular its untargeted forms. However, the article is intended not only to recapitulate the reasoning as set out in recent case law – including the 2021 judgments of the Grand Chamber in Big Brother Watch et al. v. United Kingdom and Centrum för rättvisa v Sweden – but also to prompt further discussion on the relevance of the Court’s position as set out in relation to the most important legal issues relating to mass surveillance. It is the author’s intention that in this way it will be possible to answer the question of whether the current standard set by the ECtHR can be considered sufficient to protect against the risk associated with the spread of modern surveillance measures and their increasing use by public authorities.
13
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Zarządzanie danymi osobowymi w przedsiębiorstwie

80%
Rybiński J.
Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania
|
2019
|
vol. 14
|
issue 2
13-27
EN
The activity of enterprises is regulated by many legal provisions, from which personal data have been of the highest importance recently. The introduction of the GDPR meant that the protection of personal data has acquired a new dimension, regardless of the other conditions of doing business. The article presents an attempt to approximate the provisions on the protection of personal data, which are a serious challenge for many entrepreneurs. In addition, the focus was also on the problems of the practical functioning of these legal norms, which are intended to improve the protection of personal data at the disposal of entrepreneurs not only in our country.
PL
Działalność przedsiębiorstw jest regulowana wieloma przepisami prawa, z których w ostatnim okresie na pierwszy plan wysuwają się te dotyczące danych osobowych. Wprowadzenie RODO spowodowało, że ochrona danych osobowych nabrała nowego wymiaru i to niezależnie od pozostałych uwarunkowań prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. W artykule przedstawiono próbę przybliżenia przepisów z zakresu ochrony danych osobowych, które dla wielu przedsiębiorców stanowią poważne wyzwanie. Ponadto skupiono się na problemach praktycznego funkcjonowania tych norm prawnych, które z założenia mają poprawić stan ochrony danych osobowych znajdujących się w dyspozycji przedsiębiorców nie tylko w naszym kraju.
14
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W sprawie obowiązków posła jako administratora w kontekście ogólnego rozporządzenia o ochronie danych (RODO)

80%
Bińkowska-Artowicz B.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2018
|
issue 5(148)
129–138
EN
The opinion contains an analysis of duties of a Deputy as an administrator within the meaning of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The problem of a consent to data processing by the Deputy’s office is discussed herein, as well as its features on the basis of GDPR and the guidelines by Article 29 Data Protection Working Party and issues related to obtaining the consent of the person, whose personal data is to be processed. Matters related to protecting data are also presented. It is pointed that the control of implementing the GDPR is based on the provisions of the national law (the act on personal data protection).
15
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Issues of personal data management in organizations – GDPR compliance level analysis

80%
Kucęba R., Chmielarz G.
Informatyka Ekonomiczna
|
2018
|
issue 1(47)
58-71
EN
The paper presents the issues of information and personal data security management in organizations. The authors include in it an analysis of breaches to personal data security in organizations as a vital factor that conditions the necessity to improve the previously applied solutions in this area. Additionally, the paper contains analyses concerning the preparation level of organizations to ensure compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which is coming into force. The paper constitutes a cognitive query in the scope of the subject matter defined in its title
16
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Surveillance in digitalized society : the Chinese social credit system from a European perspective

80%
Kasl F.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2019
|
vol. 9
|
issue 4
349-358
EN
The modern society is facing multiple new challenges brought by digitalisation, globalisation and personalisation. Public disorder and social tensions are increasingly suppressed by progressive surveillance and control mechanisms that utilize the ICT technology and digital footprint of an individual. For some time now, a heated discussion follows the planned introduction of Social Credit System in the People’s Republic of China. Multitude of authors and journalists argue benefits or threats related to this project. The aim of this contribution is to provide sober-minded overview of this mechanism in its broader context and point out similarities and differences from approaches in the West. As a result, the contribution points out a set of specifics of the Chinese setting, which make similar mechanism unfeasible in European environment.
17
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BEZPIECZEŃSTWO INFORMACJI I OCHRONA DANYCH OSOBOWYCH JAKO POLITYKA PUBLICZNA – ANALIZA WPROWADZANIA MECHANIZMÓW I UREGULOWAŃ PRAWNYCH

80%
Wojciechowski Ł.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
|
2016
|
issue 4(14)
82-93 (12)
EN
The article aims to provide a comprehensive account of the legal regulations and mechanisms for the protection of personal data in Poland. In the last few years, considerable attention has been paid to this subject, which results in the wide-ranging character of the issues examined. The author classifies, based on sectors, the protection of personal data as a public policy and justifies such classification through the use of, among other tools, an institutional and legal method and factor analysis. The conclusions of the article are based on the analysis of the Polish legislation on the protection of personal data as well as on the analysis of the practical implementation of the solutions in companies, government and self-government institutions. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the protection of personal data falls within the scope of the public policy. However, it is necessary to take into account that some of its elements must be assigned to the policy of a party.
18
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Protection of Personal Data of Crime Victims in European Union Law – Latest Developments

80%
Grzelak A.
Polish Yearbook of International Law
|
2018
|
vol. 38
209-228
EN
In EU law a lot of attention has recently been paid to personal data protection standards. In parallel to the development of the general EU rules on data protection, the Members States also develop cooperation between law enforcement agencies and create new information exchange possibilities, including the processing of personal data of participants in criminal proceedings. The aim of this article is to analyse whether the personal data of victims of crime are safeguarded according to the standards of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. For this purpose, the author analyses two directives: 2012/29/EU, which regulates minimum standards of victims of crime; and 2016/680/EU (also known as the Law Enforcement Directive), which regulates personal data processing for the purpose of combating crime. Based on the example of the Polish legislation implementing both directives, the author comes to the conclusion that the EU legislation is not fully coherent and leaves too much margin of appreciation to the national legislator. This results in a failure to achieve the basic goals of both directives. The author expects the necessary reflection not only from the national legislator, but also from the European Commission, which should check the correctness of the implementation of the directives, as well as from national courts, which should use all possible measures to ensure that the national law is interpreted in the light of the objectives of the directives.
19
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Europejskie organy ochrony danych osobowych – reforma systemu i nowe wyzwania

71%
Grzelak A.
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
|
2014
|
vol. 1
|
issue 4(4)
87-107
EN
The article discusses the problem of the reform of the system of the protection of personal data in the context of changes, new tasks and challenges faced by the European data protection authorities, in particular the European Data Protection Supervisor, Article 29 Working Group or the national supervisory authorities. The proposals of regulations and directives submitted in recent years by the European Commission related to data protection in general, as well as the specific rules governing the functioning of the EU agencies involved in the fight against crime clearly show that the proposed changes are intended to increase the role of these bodies at both the E. U. and the national level by ensuring a more effective implementation of the new rules. The planned strengthening of the relationship between the national authorities as well as the coordination of their activities also aims to meet this objective.
PL
W artykule podjęto problem reformy systemu ochrony danych osobowych w kontekście zmian, nowych zadań i wyzwań stojących przed europejskimi organami ochrony danych, w szczególności Europejskim Inspektorem Ochrony Danych, Grupą roboczą art. 29 czy też krajowymi organami nadzorczymi. Przedłożone w ostatnich latach przez Komisję Europejską projekty aktów ogólnych odnoszących się do omawianych zagadnień, jak i szczególnych, regulujących funkcjonowanie agencji UE zajmujących się walką z przestępczością, wyraźnie pokazują, że zaproponowane zmiany mają służyć zwiększeniu roli tych organów zarówno w wymiarze unijnym, jak i krajowym, poprzez zapewnienie skuteczniejszego egzekwowania nowych przepisów. Temu też służyć ma planowane zacieśnienie współpracy między organami krajowymi i koordynacja ich działań.
20
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Anti-spam legislation in consideration of personal data protection and other legal instruments

70%
Matejka J.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2016
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2
90-114
EN
The contribution deals with the possibilities of legal protection from an undesirable phenomenon called spam or, more precisely, spamming, pursuant to the Czech and European laws. In particular, the legal forms of protection of personal data, privacy, and personal rights are described in detail along with unfair competition and the law of obligations in tort. Attention is also paid to effective means that fall outside direct legal regulation, in particular, the technological and Community forms of protection against spam and other issues relating to this phenomenon. The author thoroughly deals not only with the terminological problems but also, for example, with the issue of identification and proving of related legal facts, including the issue of governing law.
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