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On the Phenomenological Approach to GrammarPhenomenological foundations for grammar description of the natural language are under considerations. The picture of language world based on the factorization of communication and cognitivity is proposed. The problem of observability-unobservability in linguistics is discussed. The concept of the states of language units is formulated both with its interpretation in the formal definition of the noun's case. System analysis of the complexity in cognitive processes is considered.
EN
This article is a review of English-language texts on the experiences of adolescents with cancer. The aim of the article is to show the adolescents’ experiences of cancer based on available research. The review of texts includes studies conducted in the phenomenological approach. Selection of the texts based on specific criteria was followed by their analysis. The analysis was of qualitative and inductive character. Separate analytical categories are: difficulties in surviving cancer, strategies for coping with the disease and benefits of being sick, experience of support from the family and medical staff.
EN
The new conditions of the socio-economic and cultural life need radical revision of many aspects of philosophical and epistemological solution to the problem of the formation of a man, his preparation for life in the multidimensional society that is based on the complex balance of interests. However, nowadays we observe definite discrepancies between the awareness of the needs of the society in other philosophical and methodological orientations concerning the solution of the educational problems and inertia in the approaches to the organization of the educational process. The peculiarity of the educational reality of today is the coexistence of different pedagogical paradigms and approaches. There have appeared the new concepts of pedagogical knowledge, among which there have spread such notions as “phenomenology of pedagogy”, “phenomenology of education”, “phenomenological method”, “phenomenological approach”, “pedagogical phenomenon” (B. Bim-Bad, M. Berulava, L. Vysotska, V. Konke, S. Kulnevych, R. Kurenkova, Ye. Plyehanov, Ye. Rohachova, N. Smyrnova, O. Fedotova, T. Filanovska and others). Philosophical basis of the research of their essence is the ideas of classical phenomenology (H. Hehel, E. Husserl, M. Hartman, M. Sheler, A. Shyuts). Based on the theoretical analysis and practical experience accumulated in the educational space of the phenomenology, there have been revealed the basic ideas that became the essential principles of our approach to teaching the professional pedagogical disciplines (particularly History of Pedagogy and Teaching Methods of Ecological Education of Preschool Children). Our experience shows that effectiveness of the process of using the phenomenological approach depends on a number of objective and subjective factors. The objective ones are the existing social readiness of students to assert themselves as individuals, future professionals, the need for social cognition, and the researches of sense-living mission. The subjective factors are the adequate educational space (the relevant “thin” technologies, where students can express their individuality, act consciously and humanely). This approach cannot be universal; it does not deny the functioning of other known approaches. We are sure that the phenomenological issues require further discussion within the professional community.
EN
The article aims to show the belief in manifestation of the supernatural, i.e. miracles, visions, prophecies, and Satan’s activity as a compound of the quite influential current in contemporary religiosity in Poland, also in the institutional dimension. These phenomenon oblige us to revise the earlier opinion which linked the “miracular susceptibility” merely with the folk religiosity. In studying these phenomena a character of an approach adopted by a researcher is particularly important. The approaches which suspend judgement and hold back from immediate reduction, allow to understand the entirety of the intrinsic meanings, experiences and narratives concerning the phenomena being discussed, as well as indicate their external references. In the article, phenomenology is being identified as the theoretical and methodological orientation that can carry out these tasks.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie wiary w przejawy nadprzyrodzoności, tj. cuda, wizje, przepowiednie czy działania Szatana jako składowych nurtu stosunkowo wyraźnie zaznaczającego się we współczesnej religijności w Polsce, także w wymiarze instytucjonalnym. Występowanie tego zjawiska każe zrewidować wcześniejsze wiązanie „wrażliwości mirakularnej” jedynie z religijnością ludową. W badaniu zjawisk o tym charakterze szczególnie ważny jest rodzaj podejścia przyjęty przez badacza. Podejścia zawieszające osąd i powstrzymujące się od natychmiastowej redukcji pozwalają zrozumieć całość wewnętrznych znaczeń, doświadczeń i narracji odnoszących się do omawianych zjawisk oraz wskazać ich zewnętrzne odniesienia. W artykule jako orientację teoretyczno--metodologiczną, która może wywiązać się z tego zadania, wskazuje się fenomenologię.
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