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1
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Antoni Kępiński’s Philosophy of Medicine – an alternative reading

100%
Zawiła-Niedźwiecki J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Philosophica. Ethica – Aesthetica – Practica
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2016
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issue 28
23-35
EN
Antoni Kępiński remains an often read and quoted author even 40 years after his premature death. Usually he is read in the context of his times and his connections with contemporary philosophy. This paper aims to show other aspects of his reflections on psychiatry. His views on the position of psychiatry within medicine, its methods, psychophysical problems, and other issues are compared with current knowledge and current thought paradigms. The goal is to show that while Kępiński was obviously functioning within a different scientific and philosophical paradigm many of his ideas and reflections can still be found within current debates. The important conclusion is to not hold on to the views that Kępiński held himself because he did not know as much as we do, but to see the importance of the debates that he foresaw even then and possibly learn something from his extensive clinical experience.
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Heterotopy of the hysterical body

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Mackiewicz W., Barański J.
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2021
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vol. 53
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issue 2
1-29
EN
Heterotopia is the space of otherness, a counter-space. A very specific type of heterotopia is a human’s body, especially in its illness and sickness. Hysteria, the disease which can imitate many other diseases, is here a crucial example. From its ancient beginnings until today hysteria makes us reflect on the essence of illness and disease, on the definition of the human condition, on the social role of a healthy and ill human body, etc. The archeology of hysteria explains how disorders shape medical standards.
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Piękno gór a higiena duszy i ciała. O odczycie Henryka Nusbauma w Muzeum im. Tytusa Chałubińskiego

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Barański J.
Góry, Literatura, Kultura
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2016
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vol. 10
137-146
EN
In his lecture “Beauty in nature from the point of view of spiritual and bodily hygiene”, delivered in 1896 at the Tytus Chałubiński Museum, Henryk Nusbaum described the vividness of the mountain landscape as the object of aesthetic experience, which had apositive impact on the physiological processes of the human body. Emotions stemming from asense of beauty reduce suffering and pain, bring comfort and relief in everyday worries, strengthen the body and make it more resistant to the causes of disease. Nusbaum calls this beauty of nature, alleviating the negative impact of sorrow and suffering, ahygienic factor, which is sometimes of therapeutic nature. In addition, the experience of the beauty of the mountain landscape is something more than just an aesthetic sensation — it is apremise of contemplation, which elevates human beings morally and prompts them to fight for the ideals of love, wisdom and justice.
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Absurdity in Medicine. Stanisław Trzebiński’s Philosophy of Medicine

75%
Barański J., Mackiewicz W.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2021
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vol. 66
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issue 1
9–23
EN
Stanisław Trzebiński (1861–1930), professor at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, was one of the most distinguished representatives of the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine before the Second World War. He undertook studies in neurology, philosophy of medicine, and literature. The article explores Trzebiński’s philosophical ideas, especially his call for rationality in medicine and the concept of absurdity in medicine as a precondition for the development of medical knowledge and practice. Today this method is an essential background in Evidence-Based Medicine and confirms cultural and scientific forms of cognition.
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A need for holistic approach to the occupational health developing (in Serbia)

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Arandjelovic M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2011
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vol. 24
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issue 3
229-240
EN
Countries in transition, such as Serbia, have been going through obligatory system reforms, including the reform of the healthcare system. As a rule, occupational health becomes marginalized by the authorities who decide on medical care. In spite of the fact that this branch of medicine cares for working population that mostly carries the burden of transition, when material situation equals the existential minimum, its potentials are not recognized. On the other hand, the World Health Organization makes a remark that such population’s health is undermined now more than ever, and adopts a binding global plan for member countries and their experts in occupational health to take urgent measures for overall working people’s health according to their needs. It seems that former work method of biomedicine specialists could not realize such ambition. This paper discusses the possibilities of occupational health future orientation toward holistic medicine, for the sake of workers’ well-being and better quality of their lives, then creation of more humane society and vocational affirmation. Health promotion at workplace and salutogenic concept may have crucial roles. This concept is a huge challenge for academic public and vocational practitioners in poor countries in transition that are already burdened with the current economic and financial crisis. Each in their own way, helped by self-education and education, without big material investments, together they may take their countries to the road of health, the road still rarely taken, yet more secure.
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Filozoficzna refleksja nad zdrowiem i chorobą w XX wieku

75%
Sak J.
Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
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2019
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vol. 82
55-62
PL
Artykuł przedstawia koncepcje zdrowia i choroby powstałe w nurcie dwudziestowiecznej filozofii medycyny. Autor zwraca uwagę na prekursorski charakter dokonań w tym zakresie przedstawicieli późnego okresu polskiej szkoły filozofii medycyny: Edmunda Biernackiego, Władysława Biegańskiego oraz Ludwika Flecka. Omówione zostały również koncepcje filozoficzne racjonalizujące kategorie zdrowia i choroby z anglojęzycznego obszaru naukowego.
EN
The paper presents the concepts of health and disease formulated in the twentieth-century philosophy of medicine. The author draws attention to the pioneering character of achievements of the representatives of the late stage of Polish School of philosophy of medicine: Edmund Biernacki, Władysław Biegański and Ludwik Fleck. The paper also presents philosophical, Englishlanguage concepts of health and disease.
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Ogólne źródła wskazań.

63%
Marcinkowski K., Piętka R., Szymańska-Piętka M.
Acta Medicorum Polonorum
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2012
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vol. 2
83-114
PL
Jest to polski przekład opublikowanej w XIX wieku rozprawy doktorskiej Karola Marcinkowskiego, dotyczącej filozofii medycyny.
EN
This is the Polish translation of the doctoral thesis, prepared by Karol Marcinkowski and published in Berlin in the nineteenth century.
8
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Problem obiektywności w medycynie na przykładzie pojęcia choroby

63%
Kapusta A.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 2(204)
167-174
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie obiektywności języka medycyny na przykładzie pojęcia choroby. Autor omawia różnice między chorobą a doświadczeniem choroby, stawia pytania o fi lozofi czny status pojęcia choroby, szczególnie w odniesieniu do modelu biomedycznego i humanistycznego. Następnie przedstawia spór między realizmem a antyrealizmem w kwestii wyjaśnienia natury chorób. Autor zastanawia się nad możliwością pogodzenia dualizmu faktów i wartości w kwestii statusu pojęcia choroby.
EN
This article aims to examine the objectivity of the language of medicine illustrated by the concept of disorder. The author discusses differences between the disease and the experience of illness, raises questions about the status of philosophical concepts of disease, particularly in relation to biomedical and humanistic model. He then presents the dispute between realism and anti-realism in medicine. The author refl ects on the possibility of reconciling the duality of facts and values in the discussion about the status of the concept of disease.
9
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Setna rocznica śmierci Edmunda Biernackiego (1866-1911) — filozofa medycyny i wynalazcy metody pomiaru szybkości sedymentacji erytrocytów

63%
Grzybowski A., Sak J.
Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
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2011
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vol. 74
29-36
PL
Edmund Faustyn Biernacki (1866-1911) był lekarzem i jednym z przedstawicieli polskiej szkoły filozofii medycyny, a także pierwszym naukowcem, który w 1897 roku wykorzystał w diagnostyce klinicznej odkryte przez siebie zjawisko sedymentacji erytrocytów. Niestety historyczne fakty dotyczące dokonania tego odkrycia przez Biernackiego przez długi czas były nieznane w piśmiennictwie anglojęzycznym. W setną rocznicę śmierci Biernackiego warto przypomnieć jego osiągnięcia zarówno jako internisty, naukowca-eksperymentatora, filozofa medycyny, jak i wynalazcy metody oznaczania sedymentacji krwinek czerwonych.
EN
Edmund Faustyn Biernacki (1866-1911) was a physician and one of the representatives of the Polish school of philosophy of medicine as well as the first scientist who used the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in medical diagnostics in 1897. Unfortunately, this historical fact about discovery of ESR by Biernacki was unknown in the English language literature. On the hundredth anniversary of Biernacki s death, it is worth to remind his achievements as an internist, scientist-experimenter, philosopher of medicine and inventor of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
10
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Zdrowie psychiczne jako zdolność do kompensacji deficytów. Filozoficzny szkic do problemu

51%
Barański J.
Kultura i Wartości
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2016
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issue 18
DE
Psychische Gesundheit ist ein Gegenstand der Kontrolle sowie einer reflexiven Verwaltung psychischer Zustände durch das Individuum. Das Ziel der Maßnahmen ist es, einen dauerhaften psychischen Komfort und das Glücksgefühl zu erreichen. Alle unerwünschten psychischen Zustände und Misserfolge, psychische Defizite und Unglücksfälle verlangen eine Kompensierung, um eine gute Verfassung zu bewahren. Diese Strategie wird in zwei Bereichen verwirklicht: in biographischen Entscheidungen (biographische Kompensierung) und in der Wahl von Formen der Therapie (medizinische Kompensierung). Ein psychisch gesundes Individuum ist somit eines, das geschickt psychische Defizite kompensiert, indem es sich bemüht, das psychische Unbehagen zu beseitigen.
EN
Mental health is the subject of control, subject of reflective management of mental conditions by an individual. The goal of these efforts is to achieve lasting psychological comfort and feeling of happiness. Thus, any undesirable mental conditions or misfortunes, psychological deficits or defeats need to be compensated in order to maintain well-being. This strategy is brought to completion in two ways: biographical decisions (biographical compensation) and choices of therapeutic methods (medical compensation). Mentally healthy is an individual, who can manage to compensate psychological deficits, taking up efforts to eliminate psychological discomfort.
PL
Zdrowie psychiczne jest przedmiotem kontroli, przedmiotem refleksyjnego zarządzania stanami psychicznymi przez indywiduum. Celem tych zabiegów jest osiągnięcie trwałego komfortu psychicznego i poczucia szczęścia. Wszelkie więc niepożądane stany psychiczne lub niepowodzenia życiowe, deficyty psychiczne bądź nieszczęście wymagają – dla zachowania dobrego samopoczucia – kompensacji. Ta strategia realizuje się w dwóch obszarach: w wyborach biograficznych (kompensacja biograficzna) oraz w wyborach form terapii (kompensacja medyczna). Zdrową psychicznie jest wtedy ta jednostka, która umiejętnie kompensuje deficyty psychiczne, podejmując starania usunięcia dyskomfortu psychicznego. 
11
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Fenomen procesu chorobowego w filozofii medycyny Adama Wrzoska

51%
Oksiak-Podborączyńska A.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 4
9-25
EN
This article attempts to recreate definition of the disease by Adam Wrzosek, philosopher and physician, who lived and was active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a member of the Poznan School of History of Medicine, one of the founders of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Poznan. In the article, the author recreates the definition of the disease, given by Wrzosek in a short article, “Determination of the concept of disease.” Although the definition proposed by Wrzosek in that article is not explicitly defined, quite clearly reflects his approach to the problem of defining the disease.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę odtworzenia definicji pojęcia choroby w ujęciu Adama Wrzoska, myśliciela i lekarza praktyka, żyjącego i aktywnie działającego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, członka Poznańskiej Szkoły Historii Medycyny, jednego z fundatorów Wydziału Lekarskiego na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim. W artykule, autorka analizuje definicję choroby sformułowaną przez Wrzoska w artykule „Określenie pojęcia choroby”. Choć definicja zaproponowana przez Wrzoska w tymże artykule nie jest definicją wprost, to trafnie oddaje podejście do problemu definiowania choroby w polskiej szkole filozofii medycyny.
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