Search results

1

Phonologie / Phonetik / Phonodidaktik – zu den Prinzipien der Ausspracheschulung aus philologischer Sicht

100%

Tworek A.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2019

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issue 16

353-363

EN

The philological pronunciation training is based on scientific knowledge from the field of phonology and phonetics, which are then worked out in the so-called phonodidactics. However, it is not uncommon for phonological approaches to be hardly applicable in foreign language didactics. In this context, the well-known theory of distinctive features is a prime example. In this article, principles are formulated that optimize the effectiveness of foreign language didactic phonetics.

2

Powojenne osiągnięcia polskiej slawistyki w dziedzinie fonetyki i fonologii

100%

Sawicka I., Trawińska A.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2013

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vol. 62

55-76

EN

The article presents the main achievements of Polish slavicists in the field of phonetics and phonology, on the synchronic as well as diachronic levels, including works on Polish phonetics and phonology.

3

Phonology as Human Behaviour: Clinical Phonetics, Phonology and Prosody

100%

Tobin Y.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 2

327-352

EN

This paper introduces the theory of Phonology as Human Behaviour (PHB); summarises the basic theoretical and methodological tenets of the theory and shows how it has been applied to clinical phonetics, phonology and prosody. The theory of PHB, developed by William Diver and his students of the Columbia School, combines aspects of the "communication factor" inherent in Prague School phonology with aspects of the "human factor" inherent in André Martinet's functional diachronic phonology. The major parameters of the theory are presented according to the Saussurean-based semiotic definition of language as a sign system used by human beings to communicate. The fundamental axiom underlying the theory is that language represents a compromise in the struggle to achieve maximum communication with minimal effort. The major contribution of the theory is that it provides a motivation to explain the non-random distribution of phonemes within the speech signal in language in general and in typical and atypical speech in particular.

4

Japanese /r/ is not feature-less: A rejoinder to Labrune (2014)

100%

Kawahara S.

Open Linguistics

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

Labrune (2014) argues that Japanese /r/ is structurally empty. This reply points out that the phonological characteristics of /r/ which are discussed by Labrune (2014) come with many systematic exceptions, and hence they are better modeled by violable constraints. To illustrate how violable constraints accommodate such systematic exceptions, alternative analyses based onOptimality Theory (Prince&Smolensky, 2004) are presented. This reply also points out that the three constraints on /r/ that are discussed by Labrune (2014) are in fact not specific to /r/, and therefore, motivating structural emptiness based on these patterns would face a problem of not being able to distinguish /r/ from other segments. Based on these considerations, this reply concludes that /r/ (and other segments) in Japanese should have segmental contents.

5

Problem un ou deux phonèmes? w języku polskim

100%

Wągiel M.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2016

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vol. 51

EN

The un ou deux phonèmes? problem in PolishThe paper deals with the so-called un ou deux phonèmes? problem in Modern Polish. The framework adopted by the author is the theory and methodology of Axiomatic Functionalism, i.e., a functional semiotic approach developed by Jan W. F. Mulder in association with Sándor G. J. Hervey which is mainly based on linguistic ideas of André Martinet. The analysis focuses on the phonological interpretation of sequences of palatalized labials and [j], nasal diphthongs, and affricates in Polish. The author argues that nasal diphthongs and palatal and retroflex affricates should be interpreted monophonematically, whereas it is both adequate and economical to interpret sequences of palatalized labials and [j] and alveolar affricates as realizations of sequences of two separate phonemes. Problem un ou deux phonèmes? w języku polskimNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest tzw. problemowi un ou deux phonèmes? we współczesnej polszczyźnie. Aparatem pojęciowym wykorzystanym przez autora jest teoria i metodologia funkcjonalizmu aksjomatycznego, tj. funkcjonalnego opisu semiotycznego opracowanego przez Jana W. F. Muldera we współpracy z Sándorem G. J. Herveyem, który bazuje na koncepcjach lingwistycznych André Martineta. Analiza skupia się na interpretacji fonologicznej sekwencji spalatalizowanych spółgłosek labialnych oraz [j], dyftongów nazalnych, a także afrykat w języku polskim. Autor argumentuje, że dyftongi nazalne oraz afrykaty palatalne i retrofleksyjne powinny być interpretowane monofonemicznie, natomiast interpretacja sekwencji spalatalizowanych spółgłosek labialnych i [j] oraz afrykat alweolarnych jako realizacji sekwencji dwóch niezależnych fonemów jest zarówno adekwatna, jak i ekonomiczna.

6

L'assimilation vocalique régressive en bamanankan: de différents cas

100%

Diallo M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2010

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vol. 52

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issue 1

15-38

7

Remarques Comparatives Sur Le Consonantisme Entre Le Bidiya Et Le Dangaléat

100%

Alio K.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2009

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vol. 51

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issue 1

7-18

8

The Sounds of Europe

100%

Stolz T., Urdze A., Otsuka H.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2011

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vol. 53

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issue 1

87-108

EN

This article is meant to demonstrate not only that it is possible technically but that it also makes sense linguistically to study phonological phenomena in a pan-European perspective. To prove our point, we employ the current comparative methodology associated with the framework of typologically-inspired areal linguistics. The data are evaluated quantitatively. We focus on the classes of velar and post-velar fricatives with phoneme status. Our investigation is based empirically on data drawn from a sample of 157 contemporary varieties spoken in Europe. Our results are indicative of a non-random distribution of the above classes of phonemes. Genetic, typological and areal factors are discussed as potential explanations of the observed geo-linguistic distribution of velar and post-velar fricatives on European soil. The general conclusion we draw is that it is high time to develop a research program which is dedicated to the continent-wide in-depth study of the phonological make-up of Europe.

9

The Vowel System of Podhale Goralian

100%

Rubach J., Łuszczek T.

Research in Language

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2019

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vol. 17

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issue 2

105-126

EN

This paper is a report on the phonological research done in the past two years investigating Podhale Goralian. The data are drawn from our informants in Dzianisz. The paper establishes the system of surface contrasts in Goralian and identifies instances of complementary distribution. It is claimed that the renowned Podhale Archaism is no longer represented by the vowel [i]. Rather, the vowel has retracted to the central vowel [ɨ]. The original [ɨ], on the other hand, has lowered and fronted and is now best regarded as tense [e]. These transitions of vowels pose challenges for a phonological analysis. A sample of such analysis (Final Tensing) is shown in the framework of Optimality Theory.

10

Kilka uwag na temat stutusu fonologicznego kontynuantów *[kj, gj] w starszej i współczesnej kaszubszczyźnie centralnej

100%

Jocz L.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2012

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issue 2(8)

117-126

EN

The aim of the present paper is to establish, if the reflexes of *[kj, gj] in Central Kashubian (previously ʨ,ʥ], today [ʧ,ʤ] can be interpreted as allophones of /k,g/ betofe front vowels. This widespread hypothesis is supported by some very regular alternations. It is shown that the previously postulated phonological rule is not acceptable. There still exist some cases, where /k,g/ do not undergo palatalization and assibilation before front vowels, and for which no convincing additional rules can be established ) before the final -em, before the suffix -iw(a)-, in the equivalent of the Polish lexeme giąć, in some loanwords, which cannot be recognized as a result of codeswitching). In this case one hat to accept the existence of distinct phonemes /ʨ,ʥ/. In contemporary Central Kashubian the reflexes of *[kj, gj] underwent coalescence with these of *[ʧ,ʤ]. The latter do not show any significant distributive restrictions, and the mentioned phonological problem is in this case virtually irrelevant for the description of the contemporary stage of the language.

11

Rhythm and Vowel Quality in Accents of English

100%

Schwartz G.

Research in Language

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2010

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vol. 8

135-147

EN

This paper will examine rhythmic differences among native and non-native accents of English, and report on a pilot experiment investigating a hypothesized interaction between rhythm and vowel quality. A new metric, % SteadyState, an acoustic measure that quantifies the purity of vowels, appears to capture rhythmic differences that have been reported among various native and non-native accents of English. In the tradition of other recently developed rhythm metrics, these findings suggest a link between rhythm and segmental phonology. Additionally, the perspective gained from this study may be beneficial to learners whose goal is native-like vowel quality, offering an understanding of the dynamic properties of English vowels.

12

Rhythm and Vowel Quality in Accents of English

100%

Schwartz G.

Research in Language

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2010

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vol. 8

1-13

EN

In a sample of 27 speakers of Scottish Standard English two notoriously variable consonantal features are investigated: the contrast of /m/ and /w/ and non-prevocalic /r/, the latter both in terms of its presence or absence and the phonetic form it takes, if present. The pattern of realisation of non-prevocalic /r/ largely confirms previously reported findings. But there are a number of surprising results regarding the merger of /m/ and /w/ and the loss of non-prevocalic /r/: While the former is more likely to happen in younger speakers and females, the latter seems more likely in older speakers and males. This is suggestive of change in progress leading to a loss of the /m/ - /w/ contrast, while the variation found in non-prevocalic /r/ follows an almost inverse sociolinguistic pattern that does not suggest any such change and is additionally largely explicable in language-internal terms. One phenomenon requiring further investigation is the curious effect direct contact with Southern English accents seems to have on non-prevocalic /r/: innovation on the structural level (i.e. loss) and conservatism on the realisational level (i.e. increased incidence of [r] and [r]) appear to be conditioned by the same sociolinguistic factors.

13

Rhythm is in the mind of the beholder. Remarks on the nature of linguistic rhythm

100%

Mołczanow J., Wiese R.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2014

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issue 11

169-182

EN

The aim of the present article is to provide a review and a critical assessment of current approaches to linguistic rhythm. At the perceptual level, languages are perceived to fall into three rhythmic groups: stress-timed, syllable-timed, and mora-timed. In stress-timed languages, stressed syllables are thought to occur at regular intervals of time, whereas in syllable-timed and mora-timed languages, syllables and moras are isochronous. Though numerous phonetic studies failed to confirm the objective existence of isochrony, there is ample evidence that rhythm plays a central role in language processing and that different languages have different underlying rhythmic structure. We argue that phonetically-based models which treat rhythm as an emergent property are insufficient to account for cross-linguistic variation and that the intuitive notion of rhythm should be explicitly modelled by drawing upon the concepts of a phonological theory.

14

The problem of Proto-Balto-Slavic ‘aspirates’ revisited

88%

Šefčík O.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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vol. 77

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issue 4

300-315

EN

The topic of this paper, as its title suggests, is the fate of the original Indo-European (IE) aspirates in Balto-Slavic, or possibly in its direct precursor, Proto-Balto-Slavic. In contrast with the Indo-European protolanguage, which is generally reconstructed with three modal classes of stops, both the Baltic and the Slavic languages are modeled on the opposition based on the feature /±voice/ only, with the opposition based on the feature /±aspiration/ not directly attested. Due to this distinction between IE and Balto-Slavic, it is assumed that the original opposition of aspiration was lost at some point during the Proto-Balto-Slavic period. The mechanism of this loss and the question of ‘voiceless aspirates’ are discussed as well. In the paper it is demonstrated that there is no reason to believe that ‘voiceless aspirates’ and ‘voiced aspirates’ ever formed a category of ‘aspirates’, proportional to the opposition between ‘voiceless unaspirates’ and ‘voiced unaspirates’, or to assume that both ‘aspirates’ever existed at the same moment.

15

O potrzebie monografii (użycia) IPA

88%

Rybka P.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2013

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issue 15

15-25

EN

The article provides the rationale for a forthcoming monograph on the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The study presents the arguments in the form of questions, and answers them at length. The questions fall into three groups: phonetic, graphical and practical issues. From the last category, the problem of selecting an appropriate font and a way to conveniently use it can be mentioned. The phonetic issues that need to be explained in the context of an international transcription include: transcription of Polish sounds normally described as prepalatal, dental, and alveolar, as well as the value of phonation, and alaryngeal speech symbols. Graphic problems include such issues as: means of transcribing archiphonemes, asynchronous and polysegmental articulations, lowered variants of Polish phonemes /m/ and /n/, and others. The paper also mentions typographical matters, such as italic variants of phonetic symbols and small capitals. The article concludes with an overview of the possible audience of the planned monograph, and an enumeration of reasons for a compilation of a study containing answers to the above-mentioned questions.

16

LES PIÈGES DE L’ÉTYMOLOGIE : LES DIFFICULTÉS DES FRANCOPHONES AU COURS DE L’APPRENTISSAGE DU LATIN

88%

Őrsi T.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2009

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vol. 1

89-100

EN

The fact is generally acknowledged that, based on the genetic relation between French and Latin, knowing one facilitates greatly learning the other. Therefore, if we start learning Latin after we learned French, we expect a rapid progress, but we are faced with a number of difficulties when trying to learn Latin, due to the fact that the two languages belong to different linguistic systems as far as their morphology is concerned. It is true that most of the French vocabulary comes from Latin, but the phonetic changes that have occurred along the centuries made it difficult for us to recognize easily the relation between the two linguistic systems. Apart from the phonetic changes, there are also important semantic changes; what this paper will underline is the frequent dissonance between the French and Latin vocabulary.

17

Zur Frage des nichtindogermanischen Substrats im Germanischen : ein kurzer Überblick

88%

Bichlmeier H.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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vol. 77

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issue 4

316-336

EN

For about 100 years, a myth has been fostered in Germanic historical linguistics: it has been claimed that some 30% or more of the Germanic lexical stock are of non-Indo-European substrate origin. Despite this claim, no list of more than 40–50 lexical items has ever been offered to prove it. For most of these lexical items, which pertain to the sphere of seafaring and related subjects, solid Indo-European etymologies have been completed in the meantime. On the other hand, it can be shown that the mythical number of 30% is based on an Indo-Europeanists’ incorrect interpretation of rather sound statistics on the Germanic lexicon offered in a book by Bruno Liebich (1899). Moreover, Vennemann’s theories of a ‘Vasconic’ substratum and a ‘Semitidic’ superstratum in the Germanic lexicon may be discarded of as an unproven and unprovable phantasma. Discussion must go on, however, about claims made by Leiden Indo-Europeanists regarding the substratal origin of certain phonological structures in Germanic words, which cannot go back directly to PIE preforms. In the end, the more conservative approaches to the problem by the authors of the Etymological Dictionary of Old High German are exemplified with data taken from Vol. V (2014).

18

Who needs a nucleus? Tashlhiyt Berber syllabification within the onset prominence representational environment

88%

Schwartz G.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 2

247-290

EN

This paper presents an analysis of Tashlhiyt Berber syllabification in the Onset Promi-nence (OP) representational framework. With a structural perspective on manner of articulation, OP captures the apparent role of sonority in TB syllabification. It is shown, however, that this does not entail the assignment of "peak" status to the most sonorous available segments in a given string. Sonority based "peak" assignment cannot account for the ambiguous behavior exhibited by syllables in with the "peak" is less sonorous than its "onset", and makes infelicitous predictions with regard to the behavior of "onsetless" syllables. By contrast, the OP environment provides mechanisms in which such ambiguities fall out from more general principles of constituent formation.

19

The Syllable Shape of Al-Ahsa Dialect: An OT Perspective

88%

Aljumah A.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2008

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vol. 44

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issue 2

155-177

EN

This work discusses the syllable structure of Al-Ahsa dialect of Arabic. Al-Ahsa dialect is a variation of Arabic spoken in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. An OT (Prince and Smolensky 1993, 2004) framework is adopted and provides a complete analysis of the syllable structure found in the dialect under discussion. It is concluded that Al-Ahsa dialect prohibits initial consonant clusters but allows complex codas. The geminates, however, are allowed medially and finally.

20

Entropy as a measure of mixedupness of realizations in child speech

88%

Babatsouli E., Ingram D., Sotiropoulos D. A.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 4

605-627

EN

Typical morpho-phonological measures of children’s speech realizations used in the literature depend linearly on their components. Examples are the proportion of consonants correct, the mean length of utterance and the phonological mean length of utterance. Because of their linear dependence on their components, these measures change in proportion to their component changes between speech realizations. However, there are instances in which variable speech realizations need to be differentiated better. Therefore, a measure which is more sensitive to its components than linear measures is needed. Here, entropy is proposed as such a measure. The sensitivity of entropy is compared analytically to that of linear measures, deriving ranges in component values inside which entropy is guaranteed to be more sensitive than the linear measures. The analysis is complemented by computing the entropy in two children’s English speech for different categories of word complexity and comparing its sensitivity to that of linear measures. One of the children is a bilingual typically developing child at age 3;0 and the other child is a monolingual child with speech sound disorders at age 5;11. The analysis and applications demonstrate the usefulness of the measure for evaluating speech realizations and its relative advantages over linear measures.

Refine search results

Phonologie / Phonetik / Phonodidaktik – zu den Prinzipien der Ausspracheschulung aus philologischer Sicht

Powojenne osiągnięcia polskiej slawistyki w dziedzinie fonetyki i fonologii

Phonology as Human Behaviour: Clinical Phonetics, Phonology and Prosody

Japanese /r/ is not feature-less: A rejoinder to Labrune (2014)

Problem un ou deux phonèmes? w języku polskim

L'assimilation vocalique régressive en bamanankan: de différents cas

Remarques Comparatives Sur Le Consonantisme Entre Le Bidiya Et Le Dangaléat

The Sounds of Europe

The Vowel System of Podhale Goralian

Kilka uwag na temat stutusu fonologicznego kontynuantów *[kj, gj] w starszej i współczesnej kaszubszczyźnie centralnej

Rhythm and Vowel Quality in Accents of English

Rhythm and Vowel Quality in Accents of English

Rhythm is in the mind of the beholder. Remarks on the nature of linguistic rhythm

The problem of Proto-Balto-Slavic ‘aspirates’ revisited

O potrzebie monografii (użycia) IPA

LES PIÈGES DE L’ÉTYMOLOGIE : LES DIFFICULTÉS DES FRANCOPHONES AU COURS DE L’APPRENTISSAGE DU LATIN

Zur Frage des nichtindogermanischen Substrats im Germanischen : ein kurzer Überblick

Who needs a nucleus? Tashlhiyt Berber syllabification within the onset prominence representational environment

The Syllable Shape of Al-Ahsa Dialect: An OT Perspective

Entropy as a measure of mixedupness of realizations in child speech