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The diaphonic aspect of phonotactics

100%
Bańczerowski J.
Lingua Posnaniensis
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2015
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vol. 56
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issue 1
13-28
EN
The diaphonic aspect of phonotactics as a necessary counterpart of the isophonic aspect is being subjected to investigation. A ll assumptions and definitions are exemplified with P olish language material. Having recollected and relatively precisely explained phonological terms, indispensible for the subsequent inquiry, the distinction between diacrisis and diaphony is discussed, and several useful concepts such as the diaphonotacteme, diaphonic pair, diaphonic range, diaphonotactemic length etc. are introduced. N ext some fundamental phonotactological terms are defined to which, among others, the following belong: diaphonic load, diacritic range, the diatactophoneme, diaphonic dispersion, diacritic dispersion, types of diaphony and diacrisis. A lso some problems of diaphonic paradigm and diaphonic coding are considered. Finally, a phonotactological typology within the framework of comparative phnotactology of languages is postulated
2

Toward a generative theory of language transfer: Experiment and modeling of sC prothesis in L2 Spanish

80%
Daland R., Norrmann-Vigil I.
Open Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
When native Spanish speakers produce English words with initial [s]-consonant clusters (sC), they sometimes produce a prothetic vowel, e.g. stigma > estigma. This paper reports a production experiment on this phenomena, as well as computational modelling of the experimental results. Carlisle (1991a) proposed the ‘resyllabification account’ in which prothesis is a language transfer effect, whose essential motivation is to satisfy L1/Spanish syllable phonotactics. Replicating all previous work, a greater rate of prothesis was found in postconsonantal contexts than in postvocalic contexts (Rick (e)stinks > Ricky (e)stinks). A novel prediction is that when prothesis occurs, the [s] should have durational characteristics associated with the coda position, whereas it should have onset characteristics when prothesis does not occur; this was found. Another prediction is that a grammar which captures the variability in prothesis should in some sense be “between” the L1/Spanish and L2/English grammars. This latter prediction was tested by developing a constraint-based analysis of sC prothesis in Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar (Goldwater & Johnson, 2003). The results were consistent with a view of language transfer as ‘linear interpolation’ of constraint weights, conditioned on an ‘effort’ constraint reflecting how phonological planning varies with task/ modality demands.
3
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Why Clipped Forms Should Be Accepted As Nouns

80%
Hamans C.
Lingua Posnaniensis
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2008
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vol. 50
95-109
EN
This paper is about the status of clipped forms. It turns out clipping rules are not completely regular, but the resulting forms must show a transparent relation to the source word, where transparency includes semantic recoverability and phonological resemblance. Furthermore clipped forms have a special stylistic or pragmatic character when compared to the original form. However, the most important conclusion is that clipped forms should not be considered as an arbitrary part of the original word form and therefore seen as having no independent grammatical status, but should be described as nouns in their own right. Arguments for this conclusion come from blend formation. Also Zabrocki’s theory of diacrisis is used to describe the phenomena under discussion.
4
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Prosodically-conditioned Syllable Structure in English

80%
Orzechowska P., Mołczanow J., Jankowski M.
Research in Language
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 2
167-178
EN
This paper investigates the interplay between the metrical structure and phonotactic complexity in English, a language with lexical stress and an elaborate inventory of consonant clusters. The analysis of a dictionary- and corpus-based list of polysyllabic words leads to two major observations. First, there is a tendency for onsetful syllables to attract stress, and for onsetless syllables to repel it. Second, the stressed syllable embraces a greater array of consonant clusters than unstressed syllables. Moreover, the farther form the main stress, the less likely the unstressed syllable is to contain a complex onset. This finding indicates that the ability of a position to license complex onsets is related to its distance from the prosodic head.
5
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Who needs a nucleus? Tashlhiyt Berber syllabification within the onset prominence representational environment

70%
Schwartz G.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 2
247-290
EN
This paper presents an analysis of Tashlhiyt Berber syllabification in the Onset Promi-nence (OP) representational framework. With a structural perspective on manner of articulation, OP captures the apparent role of sonority in TB syllabification. It is shown, however, that this does not entail the assignment of "peak" status to the most sonorous available segments in a given string. Sonority based "peak" assignment cannot account for the ambiguous behavior exhibited by syllables in with the "peak" is less sonorous than its "onset", and makes infelicitous predictions with regard to the behavior of "onsetless" syllables. By contrast, the OP environment provides mechanisms in which such ambiguities fall out from more general principles of constituent formation.
6
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Strength-based faithfulness and the sibilant /s/ in Italian

70%
Baroni A.
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Notwithstanding the primacy of the CV syllable, a number of languages allow for more complex types of syllables. In particular, word-initial consonant clusters are particularly challenging for any phonological theory. In this paper it is argued that obstruent clusters may be the result of casual speech processes where the most salient/ frequent phonemes and features occurring in most pronunciation variants of a word are preserved. As a result, sibilants, being acoustically salient, tend to occur more often than other obstruents as the first member of word-initial obstruent clusters. A framework couched in Optimality Theory is presented, where a subfamily of faithfulness constraints refer to strength values stored in the underlying representation. The more salient and/or frequent a phoneme/feature is, the higher the strength value assigned to it. Finally, a number of languages are compared, arguing that their phonotactic differences may be due to the different ranking of markedness constraints and MAX-STRENGTHVALUE constraints.
7
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What do "klej", "lek" and "kulig" have in common? Polish native speakers’ judgements of phonological similarity between words and nonwords

70%
Szpyra-Kozłowska J., Szpyra-Kozłowska J.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2019
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vol. 40
8
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Italo‑Slavic convergences in the field of phonotactics

70%
Sawicka I.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2022
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issue LXXI
9
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Kvantitativní fonotaktická analýza názvů českých obcí a jejich částí

61%
Bičan A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 4
243-265
EN
The paper presents an extensive quantitative phonotactic analysis of a corpus of 15,051 Czech oikonyms. The results are confronted with the appellative vocabulary represented by a corpus of 45,991 words from the dictionary Slovník spisovné češtiny (2003). Oikonyms contain phoneme combinations not attested elsewhere, in particular consonantal combinations, all of which are discussed in detail. An analysis of the overall structure of the oikonyms and appellatives is also offered, showing that Czech prefers words beginning with a single consonant, ending in a vowel and containing one medial two-consonant combination. Moreover, it prefers three-syllable words and words with all syllables occupied by short vowels. Except for the unattested phoneme combinations, the phonological structure of the oikonyms is not much different from that of the appellative words.
10
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Kombinace konsonantu s vokálem v českých slovech cizího původu:

51%
Bičan A.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 3
163-194
EN
Analyzing a corpus of over 36,000 words of foreign origin and 33,000 native words, the paper presents a detailed account and comparison of the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations in Czech. These combinations are discussed according to their vowel class. Both combinations typical for foreign-origin words and combinations typical for native words were found. In some cases, the typicality is predictable from the phonemes in the combinations (i.e. from the phonemes typical for either type of vocabulary), but there are many combination types for which this is not possible. The paper concludes with a discussion of the factors that may influence the distribution of consonant-vowel combinations, including sound changes, phoneme frequency, morphological processes, and universal preferences in the combinability of consonants with vowels. Special attention is paid to loanwords from English.
11
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Fonotaktická analýza obsahu slabik na okrajích českých slov v mluvené a psané řeči

51%
Šturm P., Lukeš D.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2017
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vol. 78
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issue 2
99-118
EN
This study aims to provide and analyze a representative list of Czech initial syllable onsets and final codas along with their frequencies of occurrence in running text (token frequencies) and in the vocabulary of unique word forms extracted from it (type frequencies). The frequency data are important because many experiments have demonstrated that phonotactics is not categorical, but rather gradient in nature. Importantly, the study analyzes and compares both spoken and written texts, using the Czech National Corpus, and the two modalities are hypothesized to yield different outcomes. All words in the sample were transcribed phonemically and analyzed. A general preference was found for phonotactic structures that are simple in the context of the attested inventory, and the two corpora differed most in the repertoire of complex onsets/codas (some sequences being unique to one modality) as well as in their respective frequencies. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies of Czech phonotactics, and evaluated with respect to implications for phonological theory, focusing on spoken/written and type/token comparisons.
12

Pozycje nuklearne i peryferyjne a interpretacja fonologiczna aproksymantów [j] i [w] w języku polskim

51%
Wągiel M.
Język Polski
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2016
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vol. 96
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issue 1
68-79
PL
Artykuł poświęcony został interpretacji fonologicznej polskich aproksymantów [j] i [w] w ujęciu funkcjonalizmu aksjomatycznego (FA). W tekście wprowadzono pojęcia pozycji nuklearnej i peryferyjnej oraz omówiono analizę aproksymantów w ramach FA w języku francuskim i czeskim. W świetle przedstawionej argumentacji interpretacja [j] i [w] jako alofonów /i/ i /u/ w pozycjach peryferyjnych jest zarówno adekwatna, jak i ekonomiczna. Propozycja ta prowadzi do konieczności wprowadzenia nowej klasy fonemów, mianowicie klasy fonemów semiwokalicznych, niemniej całkowita liczba fonemów koniecznych do interpretacji polskiego materiału fonetycznego zostaje zredukowana, co stanowi wyraźną zaletę przedstawionej analizy.
EN
In this paper the author focuses on the phonological interpretation of Polish approximants [j] and [w] within the framework of Axiomatic Functionalism (AF). Notions of a nuclear and peripheral position are introduced and the treatment of approximants in AF in French and Czech is reviewed. It is argued that it is both appropriate and economical to interpret [j] and [w], respectively, as allophones of /i/ and /u/ in peripheral positions. The proposal leads to the necessity of establishing a new class of phonemes, namely the class of semi-vowels, however, the total number of phonemes required to interpret Polish data is reduced which is a significant advantage of the proposed analysis.
13
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Introducing a phonotactic probability calculator for Czech

51%
Čechová P., Cilibrasi L., Henyš J., Čecho J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2023
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vol. 106
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issue 1
72-83
EN
Phonotactic probability refers to the frequency with which phonological segments and sequences of phonological segments occur in words in a given language (Vitevitch – Luce, 2004). It has been shown that phonotactic probabilities of words are important in language processing and language acquisition (Jusczyk et al., 1994; Mattys – Jusczyk, 2001; Pitt – McQueen, 1998). For example, words with high phonotactic probability are processed faster by native speakers in same-different tasks (Luce – Large, 2001), and pseudowords with high phonotactic probability are judged as more word-like by adults (Vitevitch et al., 1997). In this paper we present a phonotactic calculator for Czech implemented as a Python script. The script relies on frequency data from three freely available corpora of Czech: SYN2015 and SYN2020, corpora of written Czech (Křen et al., 2015; 2020), and ORAL v1, a corpus of spoken Czech (Kopřivová et al., 2017). The steps of the calculation mirror those developed by Vitevitch and Luce (2004) for English, and the script can provide phonotactic (and additionally orthotactic) probability for any Czech word or pseudoword. The script can be downloaded at .
CS
Pojem fonotaktická probabilita odkazuje k frekvenci, s níž se fonologické segmenty a sekvence těchto segmentů objevují ve slovech v určitém jazyce (Vitevitch – Luce, 2004). Předchozí výzkumy ukázaly, že fonotaktická probabilita slov hraje důležitou roli při zpracování a akvizici jazyka (Jusczyk et al., 1994; Mattys – Jusczyk, 2001; Pitt – McQueen, 1998). Slova s vysokou fonotaktickou probabilitou jsou například rychleji zpracována rodilými mluvčími v úloze „same-different“ (Luce – Large, 2001) a pseudoslova s vysokou fonotaktickou probabilitou jsou dospělými hodnocena jako pravděpodobnější slova daného jazyka (Vitevitch et al., 1997). V tomto článku představujeme nástroj pro výpočet fonotaktické probability pro češtinu, který je volně dostupný jako skript v programovacím jazyce Python. Nástroj vychází z údajů o frekvenci slov ze tří volně dostupných korpusů českého jazyka: korpus psaného jazyka SYN2015 (Křen et al., 2015), korpus psaného jazyka SYN2020 (Křen et al., 2020) a korpus mluveného jazyka ORAL v1 (Kopřivová et al., 2017). Výpočet replikuje postup původního kalkulátoru pro anglický jazyk (Vitevitch – Luce, 2004) a výstupem je odhad fonotaktické (a navíc také ortotaktické) probability pro jakékoliv české slovo či pseudoslovo. Skript je dostupný z internetové stránky .
14

Einige Bemerkungen zur Eindeutschung des einfachen, oder doch des schwierigen Hydronyms Biebrza im deutschen Satzkontext

26%
Skoczek R.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 5: Neofilologia
39-52
DE
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Augenmerk auf die lautliche Adaption polnischer Eigennamen mit intervokalischen Konsonantenclustern gelegt, die dem deutschen Sprachsystem fremd sind. Zuerst geht der Autor auf die theoretischen Ansätze zur deutschen Silbenphonologie und Phonotaktik ein. Am Beispiel des Hydronyms Biebrza weist er die Dissonanz zwischen der Theorie, den Aussprachewörterbüchern und der Sprechrealität im Rundfunk vor.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze sound adaptation of Polish proper names with intervocalic consonant clusters which in terms of phonotactic structure do not exist in standard German. At the beginning, the author presents a theoretical approach to the issue from the point of view of syllabic phonology and phonotactic constraints. Using the example of the Biebrza hydronym, the author then shows discrepancies between theory, German pronunciation dictionaries and speech reality in German public mass media.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest niemczeniu polskich nazw własnych z międzysamogłoskowymi zbitkami spółgłoskowymi, które pod względem fonotaktycznym nie występują w niemczyźnie standardowej. Na początku autor przedstawia ujęcie teoretyczne zagadnienia z punktu widzenia fonologii sylaby oraz fonotaktyki. Na przykładzie hydronimu Biebrza autor pokazuje rozbieżność między teorią, słownikami wymowy a rzeczywistością językową w mediach.
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