Search results - CEJSH

1

The Value-Pluralism and Liberalism Problem Revisited

100%

Polanowska-Sygulska B.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 1

99-108

EN

This article tackles one of the most burning issues discussed by adherents of the dynamically developing movement in ethics which bears on political and legal philosophy, that is value-pluralism. In particular, the article is devoted to an investigation into the highly controversial issue of the relationship between pluralism and liberalism, based upon the three crucial, divergent approaches represented by Isaiah Berlin and his two main opponents, John Gray and George Crowder. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the two concepts in question are neither mutually exclusive nor logically connected, but actually overlapping, which signifies the existence of a loose, de facto connection between them. Such a final thesis proves to be consistent with the position of Isaiah Berlin, and contrary to the final statements endorsed by his critics, John Gray and George Crowder.

2

Liberalizm – między ideologią a metapolityką

100%

Turowski M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 1

77-86

EN

The paper seeks to detect the most recent trends in identifying of social, political and cultural dimensions of liberal thought. Two such ways of theorizing are discussed. On one hand, the conventional conception of liberalism as a language of individuals' entitlement is presented. Liberal theory is associated here with general socio-cultural discourses of pluralism, individual rights, rule of law, constitutionalism, liberty, free market and human rights. On the other hand, a critical stance by I. Wallerstein is analysed. Wallerstein conceives the liberal proposal as a sophisticated project directed towards a development of modern geoculture, an ideological basis for the unequal, worldwide distribution of wealth and power, and baptises it as The Modern (Capitalist) World-System. According to Wallerstein – and the author of this paper shares this view – evolution of structures of the World-System is far from completion, and the recent ,,triumph'' of capitalism and liberalism must be seen as one of the many stages of the evolution, and not as its peak and/or the ,,end of history''.

3

Bogusław Śliwerski (red.), Pedagogika, tom4: Subdyscypliny i dziedziny wiedzy o edukacji, Gdańsk 2010, ss. 515

100%

Andrukowicz W.

Pedagogika Szkoły Wyższej

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2012

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issue 1

149-161

EN

The text is a review of an academic handbook, the fourth in the series, which is an attempt to further expose the faces of (not only) Polish pedagogy. The handbook contains seventeen chapters devoted to the various trends in pedagogy, which, speaking after B. Śliwerski, are in "ongoing dispute with each other about their place in the center", and as a result such a sort of "pluralism centers" are created that even during the "unclear discourse" they after all, do not lose the universality of the task, which is the better human and his/her world. Due to its contents, this book, written in cooperation, can be a highly recommendable and reliable source of knowledge about education and its next development prospects.

4

Nauka krytycznego myślenia

100%

Kalbarczyk T.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2014

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issue 25

7 - 17

EN

The aim of this paper is to show critical thinking as an important element of curriculum that is worth developing during various courses in the process education and to which the form and content of philosophy course is worth adjusting. The article points out various dificulties of putting the idea into practice, particularly those connected to assumptions and practices of the Polish education system (politicization, idelogization, lack of pluralism in the Polish school, and little preparation of teachers to develop critical thinking in their pupils). The paper also gives examples of solutions that aid skeptical thinking teaching. I do not argue that the school should resign from passing cultural competences and knowledge regarding history of culture and philosophy, but I do suggest that they do not have to the most crucial position in curriculum. Nevertheless, education should not be confined to only critical thinking as it would both restrain creative thinking and upset the balance between processes of individualization and socialization, the latter being essential on early stages of education.

5

Wpływ literatury polskiej na świadomość społeczeństwa bułgarskiego (nadzieje tłumacza)

100%

Spasowa P.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2013

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issue 2(12)

251-256

EN

The author expresses her hopes that translations and promotion of Polish literature will initiate certain turn to openness and dialogue within Bulgarian community. It was lost during the period of the so-called ‘real socialism’.

6

Youth political culture fundamentals: historical aspects

100%

SIEKUNOVA I.

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

407-411

EN

The author of the article made an attempt to analyze the political culture of Soviet youth of the late twentieth century and associate the same with the phenomenon of the political culture of modern Ukrainian youth

7

Uczenie się pluralizmu i kształtowanie tożsamości religijnej w kontekście kulturowych i światopoglądowych odmienności – między tradycyjnym zróżnicowaniem a współczesnym pluralizmem

88%

Rembierz M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2017

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issue 46

191-237

EN

In the public and academic discourse, pluralism is recognized as one of the main features of the contemporary Western world, which is culturally, religiously and ideologically diversified. According to its supporters and promotors, pluralism is a significant value which constitutes a virtue of the modern world. However, pluralism is also associated with various problems, dilemmas and difficulties. Contemporary cultural pluralism has a substantial impact on shaping the religious identity and causes significant changes within it. In the 1970s and 1980s, sociologists indicated some pluralization processes which modified religious identity. In 1983, while examining the determinants of the Church activities in the industrial society, Janusz Mariański – a sociologist of religion, agreed with the observation that “what is eliminated in the pluralistic society is the situation of the monopoly of church institutions in interpreting human reality in the consciousness of the contemporary man. Religious values are not the only which give sense to fundamental values institutionalized in the society”. Thus, religion ceases to have the earlier potentialities of the monopoly in the sphere of fundamental values. The issue of pluralism, widely discussed today and raising a lot of dispute, can be viewed from the perspective of the analysis of broadly understood learning processes and outcomes (the analysis of educational and self‑ educational activities). Pluralism can be perceived as a process and a result of mutual and constant learning in the (educationally potent and dynamic) relationship with individuals who show more or less different attitudes and beliefs – a process of learning those who, by entering relationships with each other, preserve and at the same time shape their different identities. If a person enhances the inner will to learn constantly, to multiply the cognitively valuable knowledge, to improve intellectual skills, this willingness should lead to the recognition of important intrinsic and educational values of other attitudes and beliefs. By meeting what is to some extent different, it is possible to learn further and, with growing accuracy, to recognize the fields of one’s own ignorance. Modern pluralism poses serious challenges to religion. The statement used in sociological discourse that “pluralistic tendencies are destructive to religion” can be read by those for whom religion – confessing religious faith – is close and important as a challenge to oppose pluralism for the sake of the defense of traditionally perceived religious faith, the defense of its world view and its institution. Such a deeply engaged interpretation imposes formulating an alternative: either the pluralistic tendencies which are destructive to religion get intensified or religion gets more power, counteracting the dangerous tendencies of pluralism which pose threat to religion. Two different ways of the inner diagnosis of religion are outlined here. The first is a fundamentalist one and consists in “strengthening its own positions”, as it recognizes that the overemphasized (in religion) elements of openness and dialogue weaken religion from inside, making it more sensitive to destructive influence of pluralism (openness and dialogue are a “Trojan horse” of hostile pluralism, let into the inside of religion). The second way, of the in‑depth and self‑critical reflection upon the current situation of religion, may lead to recognizing (among the elements so far belonging to religious identity) those which – in the context of pluralism and in spite of their presence for many centuries – are of doubtful value or even become the causes of the destructive crisis of religion in spite of their being situated inside it. Therefore, the situation of pluralism allows for cleaning religion, which is confronted with pluralism and was earlier closed within its homogeneous world. At the same time, the religious crisis in the pluralistic world can be viewed as a crisis of inner maturation and growth of religion. Undertaking ideological discussion with the conviction that common and binding arrangements should be reached is not an easy matter. What is more, in the opinion of people who believe in the necessity of confrontation, this discussion is not even needed. It can be assumed that, in the diversified social life, the persistent conducting of difficult negotiations is indispensable, instead of the state of embittered confrontation. Referring to the standpoint of Jerzy Nikitorowicz, who promotes learning pluralism and intercultural dialogue, the dialogical concept of pluralism can be applied: “In the pluralistic society, the process is taking place of reaching commonly shared values by individuals and groups through unceasing negotiations of values and interests, the process of shaping the sensitivity to others and the need for mutual respect and recognition, without the division to upper and lower cultures”.

8

Politika mezi homogenitou a sociálním antagonismem : Hledání státnosti v epoše pluralismu v politické teorii Carla Schmitta

88%

Belling V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 3

361-383

EN

The political theory of Carl Schmitt is currently experiencing a renaissance in its reception. In this paper, I propose to distinguish between the normative and descriptive elements of Schmitt’s notion of the state. While being a strong advocate of the principle of political unity emerging from a concrete social antagonism, Schmitt was, at the same time, a decided critic of the current form of liberal Rechtsstaat. He actually subordinated the notion of state to the notion of the political. If we may call him an étatist, then it is only if we have in mind a narrow concept of the state which is related to the concept of the political. Only such a state can play the integrative role in a differentiated society and become the basis of social legitimacy “from below”.

9

Pluralism in Political Science: From Tocqueville to Putnam

88%

Pasquino G.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

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2015

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issue 2

5-14

EN

This keynote speech was proffered by Gianfranco Pasquino at the opening of the VI. Congress of the Czech Political Science Association which took place in Prague, 9–11 September 2015. It covers the theoretical reflection of pluralism as a social and political phenomenon and a methodological concept in works of Tocqueville, Wright Mills, Dahl, Putnam and others. Prof. Pasquino points out several milestones in the way pluralism was used and studied in political science and ends by suggesting that distorted and shrinking pluralism opens the way to inequalities.

10

Liberal Democracy and the Challenge of Ethical Diversity

88%

Rossi E.

Human Affairs

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2008

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vol. 18

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issue 1

10-22

EN

What do we talk about when we talk about ethical diversity as a challenge to the normative justifiability of liberal democracy? Many theorists claim that liberal democracy ought to be reformed or rejected for not being sufficiently ‘inclusive’ towards diversity; others argue that, on the contrary, liberalism is desirable because it accommodates (some level of) diversity. Moreover, it has been argued that concern for diversity should lead us to favour (say) neutralistic over perfectionist, universalistic over particularistic, participative over representative versions of liberal democracy. This paper provides a conceptual framework to situate those debates, and argues that there are two fundamental ways in which diversity constitutes a challenge to the justificatory status of liberal democracy: consistency (whereby diversity causes clashes between the prescriptions generated by normative political theories), and adequacy (whereby diversity generates a rift between our experience of what is considered valuable and what the theory treats as such).

11

Handling Religious Diversity: The Case of "Holy/Rest Days" in Italy

88%

Faitini T., Povino A.

Human Affairs

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2008

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vol. 18

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issue 1

23-36

EN

The accommodation of a plurality of values within the same institutional framework is one of the main challenges with which contemporary democracies have been persistently confronted. This challenge has recently gained strength even in such traditionally homogeneous countries as Italy, as a consequence of an increase in the number of residents committed to diverse religious beliefs. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on the case of requests for the legal recognition of religion-specific holy/rest days in Italy. The analysis of such a case will disclose-or so we believe-some valuable pointers as to how democratic societies could try to accommodate religious diversity in a way that is both respectful of the specificities of each religious group and compatible with the typically liberal commitment to the safeguard of individual freedom.

12

Křesťanský učitel v sekularizované škole České republiky

88%

Podzimek M.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2020

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vol. 20

EN

Christian Teachers in Secularized Schools in the Czech RepublicThis article presents the specific situation of Christian teachers working in schools in North Bohemia. This region underwent forced secularization during the communist period and Christians became a marginal social group. Since the fall of communism, teachers have been bound by the official framework of objective science, ideological neutrality, and pluralism of opinion. The aforementioned values have been incorporated into the curriculum of the educational system in the Czech Republic. On the other hand, Christian teachers are bound in their conscience by requirements of ecclesiastical orthodoxy, which is partly based on pre-modern dogmatic positions. Chrześcijański nauczyciel w zsekularyzowanej szkole w CzechachArtykuł przedstawia specyficzną sytuację chrześcijańskich nauczycieli pracujących w szkołach w północnych Czechach. Region ten podlegał przymusowej sekularyzacji w czasach reżimu komunistycznego, a chrześcijanie stali się marginalną grupą społeczną. Po upadku komunizmu nauczyciele są związani oficjalnymi ramami obiektywnej nauki, ideologicznej neutralności i pluralizmu opinii. Z jednej strony wymienione wyżej wartości są zagwarantowane w systemie edukacji w Czechach. Z drugiej strony chrześcijańscy nauczyciele są związani w swoim sumieniu wymogami kościelnej ortodoksji, która częściowo opiera się na przednowoczesnych zasadach dogmatycznych.

13

Pluralizm racjonalności i pluralistyczna krytyka imparcjalizmu

88%

Perlikowski Ł.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2018

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issue 1(119)

11-28

EN

The article aims to present and critically analyze one of the currents of thought within the framework of deliberative democracy. The main dispute that we identify in the framework of this theory is the dispute between the impartialist and pluralistic approach. The role of reason towards the phenomenon of pluralism is the subject of these discussions. The impartialists base their arguments above all on the idea of public reason, while pluralists deny its value to other values. It can therefore be concluded that this dispute consists in opposing the rationality of pluralism to the pluralism of rationality. In addition to analyzing the arguments of the pluralist approach, we also focus on the criticism of the impartialism that these positions have put forward. The article distinguishes three possible forms of pluralism: rationality of pluralism, plurality of rationality prima facie and plurality of rationality sensu proprio. This allows us to show the relationship between impartialism (rationality of pluralism) and pluralism (plurality of rationalities prima facie) and the plurality of pluralism proposed by the critics of impartiality (plurality of rationalities prima facie) with a specific form of pluralism (plurality of rationality sensu proprio). In addition, in the article we identify the directives which pluralists propose to take place of public reason. The pluralistic approach which we analyze in the text is presented by such authors as: Iris Marion Young, Seyla Benhabib, Chantal Mouffe, Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson. The impartialist tradition should be associated with John Rawles and his interpreters and critics such as Joshua Cohen and Brian Barry.

14

Between Epistemology and Metaphysics in William James’s Philosophy

88%

Kilanowski M.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2015

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issue 2(108)

30-38

EN

William James’s philosophy has been treated as relativistic and sceptical, as a distortion of truth and rationality. In that way a lot of important elements crucial for understanding his philosophy have been overlooked. However, according to James, our cognition is not relativistic, because there is no room in his philosophy for a traditionally understood dichotomy between a knowing subject and a perceived object. We are all plunged into the stream of experience, and it is in it that we can find an overall picture of our world and our reality. We participate in the plurality of phenomena; we are surrounded by the plurality of things. Our world is continuous, and therefore it is continuously in the process of creation. In short, for James, the world is not a subjective construct created by human beings and his epistemology is closely related to his metaphysics to the point at which it is difficult to consider the distinction between the two. To present these crucial aspects of William James’s philosophy in the most meticulous way possible, this essay, will try to clear up doubts concerning James’s concept of Radical Empiricism, truth, and his understanding of pluralism, as well as the categories of synechism and tychism.

15

Words shaping the picture of the world: school prayer in the American system of education

88%

Zamkowska I.

Językoznawstwo

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2016

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vol. 10

49-60

EN

Prayer constituted a core element of character and patriotic formation at the outset of the American public education system in the colonial period. Over the years, however, the status of this religious practice has undergone a significant transformation, including a complete ban on school prayer. The article discusses the factors that have had a decisive impact on the status of school prayer, including increasing religious diversity of the American population as well as tensions between dominant and minority religions and non-religion. Both old controversies over state-sponsored and school-run prayer as well as more recent ones surrounding graduation prayer and prayer before sports games will be discussed in more detail on the basis of landmark Supreme Court and lower court cases as well as government regulations, including presidential guidelines and other administrative documents.

16

Television: the challenges of pluralism to media regulation

88%

Raycheva L.

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1

63-78

EN

The phenomenon of media pluralism and content diversity has been unceasingly a central issue of the European policy making. Media pluralism is usually linked to the democratic perform- ances of society. The concept of pluralism can be defined both in terms of its function and in terms of its objective. Concerning television, media pluralism can be assessed through the number and types of channels, the number and structure of their owners, the editorial content of the broadcasts, and the access of different societal groups to the programming. Th e text investigates how well the traditional television system with its main social pillars, such as plurality and diversity, fits into the newly devel- oped digitized media environment.

17

Post-Soviet Belarus: The Transformation of National Identity

88%

Titarenko L.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2011

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vol. 13

6-18

EN

The paper deals with the formation of a new national identity in Belarus under conditions of post-Soviet transformation. Under the term of "national identity" the author means the identity of the population of the Republic of Belarus that will be adequate to its status of a newly independent state acquired after 1991. Special attention is paid to the existing major research approaches to the problem of constructing this national identity. According to the author's view, both major approaches are inadequate; the author puts forward a new (third) approach that goes beyond discussions on language and national culture, and corresponds to the concept of plurality of identities. The author describes some paradoxes of national identity based on the opposition of "nation" and "people". These correspond to the Western model of the "creation of modern nations", which is not fully applicable to post-Soviet Belarus. All attempts to apply this model to contemporary Belarus lead scholars to several "cultural paradoxes" that can, however, be explained within a new approach.

18

Etyka zawodowa nauczycieli – między uniwersalizmem a pluralizmem

87%

Zając D.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2019

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issue 54

EN

Professional ethics of teachers is one of the most important areas of interest of pedeutology. Not only traditions of that profession, but also the contemporary challenges facing it seem to be indicative of it. In the considerations presented, professional ethics of teachers is shown from two perspectives, i.e. the universal and the pluralistic ones. Each of these perspectives is characterized by diverse understanding of professional ethics of teachers and, in particular, its nature. Generally speaking, the first of these perspectives can come down to the establishment of professional ethics of teachers in the form of a code, while the other moves away from such a strictly code-orientated perception of ethics. Certainly, this does not mean a rejection of any ethical stipulations characteristic of teacher circles, but rather adopting a position according to which such exclusive and only correct stipulations do not exist, but there are a lot of them, which one should bear in mind characterizing the ethical aspects of the teaching profession.

19

Charakter dyskusji politycznej na portalach informacyjnych. Studium przypadku

87%

Pawlak P.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2016

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issue 13

201-223

EN

The article offers a two-dimensional analysis of the discussion forums on Polish news and information websites, as a public space of political discourse. The author employed statistical analysis for quality variables and interpretation of narrative patterns. The primary aim of the study was to determine the nature of debate in the area under consideration, in the context of exacerbated political dispute. The obtained results were compared with previous findings of this author.

20

Pragmatizmus je environmentalizmus

75%

Višňovský E.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2013

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vol. 61

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issue 6

845-860

EN

This article presents the contemporary conception of “environmental pragmatism” as an alternative strategy, still little known in the Czech context, for the solution of the problem of the relation between nature and culture. The point of departure for this conception are the ideas of the classical pragmatists, especially the naturalism and ethics of John Dewey. This philosophy bears within it an immanent environmental direction and it issues in the “Third Way” in the ecological movement, finding a path between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism; between individualism and holism; between instrumentalism and immanentism; between exploitation and preservation; between the dualisms of value and fact, aims and means, conservation and growth, and so on.

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