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EN
The article was devoted to the competences of the Minister of Finance in the scope of incur- ring financial obligations on behalf of the Treasury, through incurring loans and credits by the State Treasury and granting sureties and guarantees. The substantive considerations are a continuation of the problem of incurring liabilities by the State Treasury through the issue or issue of securities presented in the first part of the article. The presented area of activity of the Minister of Finance indicates that the Minister of Finance has quite a lot of flexibility left at the level of selection and negotiation of specific loans and credits. In addition, this body plays an important role in the procedure for granting sureties and guarantees. The activities of the Minister of Finance are largely of a supervisory nature towards state legal persons, as well as preventive even against the actions of the Council of Ministers. The author not only presented individual competences that highlight the role of the Minister of Finance, but while assessing them, she emphasized the creation of a certain space of autonomy in action for this body, sometimes having the features of discretion.
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony kompetencjom Ministra Finansów w zakresie zaciągania zobowiązań finansowych w imieniu Skarbu Państwa, poprzez zaciąganie przez Skarb Państwa pożyczek i kredy- tów oraz udzielanie poręczeń i gwarancji. Merytoryczne rozważania są kontynuacją prezentowanej w części pierwszej artykułu problematyki zaciągania zobowiązań przez Skarb Państwa poprzez emisję lub wystawianie papierów wartościowych. Prezentowana płaszczyzna działalności Ministra Finansów wskazuje, iż Ministrowi Finansów pozostawiono dość duże pole elastyczności zarówno na poziomie wyboru, jak i negocjacji konkretnych pożyczek i kredytów. Ponadto organ ten odgrywa istotną rolę w procedurze udzielania poręczeń i gwarancji. Działania Ministra Finansów mają w dużej mierze charakter nadzorczy wobec państwowych osób prawnych, a także prewencyjny nawet wobec działań Rady Ministrów. Autorka nie tylko zaprezentowała poszczególne kompetencję uwidaczniające rolę Ministra Finansów, ale dokonując ich oceny podkreślała stworzenie pewnej przestrzeni autonomii w działaniu dla tego organu, mającej niekiedy znamiona dyskrecjonalizmu.
EN
The influence of the US on the forms and course of the integration processes in Western Europe was very strong, especially in the first post-war years. It was the influence of an external force which, being free of the internal contradictions stemming from Western Europe’s interests, had at its disposal real capabilities to impose integration concepts beneficial to itself. Such integration was in line with both the economic and military interests of the United States during this period. The main reasons prompting Western European countries in the first post-war years to accept the solutions suggested by the United States were: the said countries’ difficult economic situation, fear of the communist parties’ coming to power, and the reluctant (hostile) attitude towards the USSR and the communist bloc. The combination of these causes served to temporarily neutralize the centrifugal tendencies and muted the divergence of interests between the individual countries of Western Europe. Such motives of integration also influenced the character of the emerging Western European political, military and economic organizations. The economic development of Western European countries, whose sources, in addition to the Marshall Plan, should be seen also in other factors, later led to a shift of integration initiatives from the American side to the European one. From a formal point of view, the effects of US policy in the period up to 1950 entailed: the establishment of NATO, the creation of the OEEC and the signing of the agreement on the EUP.
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