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1

Modern Approach to Psychological Study of Creative Thinking Among Law Enforcement Officers

100%
Karpenko V.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(1)
163-170
EN
In this article the author presents a modern approach to the study of creative thinking among law enforcement officers. The activities of a police officer are constantly associated with the solution of various problems, so everyone should be actively thinking. Thinking as mental process is always directed to reveal the deep connections of objective reality. According to many scientists the main task of the psychological studies of thinking is the study of the mental cognitive process, primarily of the internal laws of its occurrence. Therefore in author's opinion, a successful study of creative thinking of a police officer is only possible with considering the place of thinking in the structure of the creative activity phenomenon. After analyzing the results of theoretical and experimental studies of creative intellectual activity, as well as considering the results of his own work the author is convinced that it is necessary to pay close attention to some basic theoretical and practical provisions which characterize both the phenomenon of thinking, its process, components, forms, determinants, and the scope of its functioning. The paper presents also an opinion that the most productive modern ways of measuring creativity, based on the multiple-factor approach should be the methods and techniques aimed at studying dimensions (factors) presented in the paper. Bearing in mind the scientific tradition of forming a set of diagnostics instruments to study the qualities and properties of the human psyche, his abilities, developmental levels of mental processes, we can determine a tentative toolkit for empirical studies of creative thinking among police officers. The article provides an example of a set of techniques the author has compiled.
2
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Association between sleep duration and sleep quality, and metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese police officers

100%
Chang J.-H., Huang P.-T., Lin Y.-K., Lin C.-E., Lin C.-M., Shieh Y.-H., Lin Y.-C.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
|
2015
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vol. 28
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issue 6
1011-1023
EN
Objectives This study’s objective was to examine association between sleep duration and sleep quality, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Taiwanese male police officers. Material and Methods Male police officers who underwent annual health examinations were invited to join the study and eventually a total of 796 subjects was included in it. The study subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the length (duration) of sleep: < 5, 5–5.9, 6–6.9, 7–7.9 and ≥ 8 h per day, and the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to categorize their sleep quality as good or poor. To analyze the association between sleep problems and MetS, adjusted odds ratio and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Results The prevalence of MetS in Taiwanese male police officers was 24.5%. Abdominal obesity had the highest proportion (36.2%) among 5 components of MetS. More than 1/2 of the police officers (52.3%) had poor sleep quality. Police officers with higher scores of sleep disturbances had a higher prevalence of MetS (p = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.009). After adjusting for age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol drinking habit, physical habitual exercise, snoring and type of shift work, the police officers who slept less than 5 h were 88% more likely to suffer from abdominal obesity than those who slept 7–7.9 h (95% CI: 1.01–3.5). Sleep quality was not associated with MetS and its components. Conclusions The police officers who slept less than 5 h were more likely to experience abdominal obesity in Taiwan, and those with higher scores of sleep disturbances had a higher prevalence of MetS and abdominal obesity. It is recommended that police officers with short sleep duration or sleep disturbances be screened for MetS and waist circumference in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
3

System of Psychological Knowledge, Relevant to the Work and Training of Police Officers

100%
Pastushenia A.
Internal Security
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2012
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vol. 4(2)
237-248
EN
The article presents a relatively integrated totality of psychological knowledge, covering the main areas of activity and functions of the police officers as well as their professional self-development and maintenance of the necessary personal and functional mental state. The Author studies the system of psychological knowledge relevant to the police activities. This knowledge system is determined by the content of professional police activities, its functions and tasks. Psychological knowledge necessary in the work the police officers is not limited to the knowledge useful for effective implementation of professional functions. Along with these there is relevant psychological knowledge and recommendations on ensuring the normal state of their own nervous and mental resources considering stressogenic activity and high nervous and mental stress as well as the knowledge necessary for professional and personal self-development, including auto-correction of psychological deformations caused by professional activity. This knowledge and recommendations represent an independent branch of scientific and psychological support of police activities. The author believes that in the detection of illegal acts, exposure and bringing perpetrators to account, for example, such sections of psychological knowledge appear relevant as: a psychological characteristic of offences, personal psychological prerequisites of unlawful behaviour and the nature of criminality in the psychological structure of the personality, the main parameters of the psychological assessment of criminal groups , the importance of various mental states and properties of human personality as the internal causes of behavior, psychological recommendations for communication with various categories of citizens to identify the perpetrators and expose crimes, psychological recommendations for effective conducting of search operations in detecting crimes and their investigation.The author describes the main types of psychological skills and professionally important personal qualities, the formation of which provides a high level of professional competence of the police officers.
4

Values as Control Mechanisms for the Behaviour of Members of a Detached Police Group

100%
Piwowarski J., Czajkowski W., Galla Š.
Internal Security
|
2015
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vol. 7(2)
143-156
EN
In this paper the authors present the issue of the significance of values in the operations of members of detached policegroups. Members of such groups usually operate in contexts referenced to the situations threatening core values, where thereis a conflict between being secure and having a lack of security during the operations of the unit. The two states mentioned abovedeserve special consideration when discussing issues understood as components of the first pillar of a safety culture. The authorsput research questions concerning possible links between values and other variables highlighted in the research, their dependenciesand level. The values reported and thoroughly researched in the Schwartz scale are an excellent instrument for describingand explaining human behaviour in situations of making choices and accepting challenges. The usefulness of this instrumentwas confirmed in this study which obtained interesting research results on the relationship between values and identifiabledemographic variables in the studied group. The authors of the project believe that the issue of values operationalised in the tasksis a useful tool for the interpretation of the behaviour of officers who are members of detached groups. Situations where individualand public security is threatened are usually included in the specificity of the contexts in which uniformed services and securitystaff operate. When conceptualising the issue of attitudes and values it is necessary to undertake research of an internationalcharacter. Research in other cultural conditions allows account to be taken of both the specificity of the mechanisms of creationand the functioning of the system of values, as well as confirmation of their universality. It also seems advisable to focus ona conceptualisation aimed at ordering the understanding and interpretation of key concepts in the field of values. This can begreatly facilitated by the use of methods for the study of personality already employed in subsequent studies carried out by ourresearch team.
5
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Cognitive and Utilitarian Aspects of Psychological Support for Police Officers

88%
Szołtek A.
Internal Security
|
2017
|
vol. 9(2)
239-250
EN
Psychological support for police officers and civilian police staff is among key factors capable of preventing negative effects of work-related stress. The need for such support is especially significant in crisis situations, when psychological assistance is provided to police officers and civilian police staff. Comprehensive psychological support is offered by police psychologists, who are responsible for psychological care and psychoeducation, psychology of human resources management and applied police psychology. This paper presents statistical figures as regards forms of psychological assistance provided by psychologists in 2016. As the most common of psychological specialisations, psychological care involves providing psychological assistance or emotional first aid to police officers and civilian police staff; doing psychotherapy; offering psychoeducation to a police officer or a civilian employee; preparing a psychological analysis of suicide or a suicide attempt by a police officer or civilian police worker. In 2016 police psychologists specialising in psychological care and psychoeducation targeted for assistance almost 2,000 police officers and civilian police staff and provided nearly 3,500 pieces of psychological advice. In addition, the psychologists’ work consisted in offering psychotherapy to individuals and support groups. The vast majority of therapeutic activities were targeted at police officers and civilian police staff in crisis situations. An important aspect of psychological support is broadly understood psychoeducation, which makes it possible to cope with mental stress. Police officers cannot avoid work-related stress or traumatic experiences when performing their official duties, but they can and should take advantage of police psychologists’ professional assistance. Statistical data quoted in the report summarising police psychologists’ activity in 2016 clearly shows that their work is necessary.
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Ethical Traditions of the Polish Police

88%
Wiszowaty E., Zellma A.
Internal Security
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2018
|
vol. Special Issue
95-105
EN
Ethical traditions of the Polish police are directly related to the history of this uniformed service. Starting from the interwar period until the present day, with the exception of the communist times when the State Police was replaced by the Citizen’s Militia, ethics has played an important role in the work of law enforcers. It provides basic principles, resulting from universal moral values, without which it is impossible to serve society and the homeland responsibly. The specificity of the professional ethics of this uniformed agency is directly related to its service-oriented character, based on intensive and often difficult interpersonal contacts. The present times witness the emergence of new challenges in the area of good standards of police ethics. In order to better recognize the ethical standards and see their importance in the work of the Polish police, it is worth referring to the standards of the State Police. They were a kind of quintessence of police officers’ moral and professional duties. They were based on such values as: God, Homeland, honour, truth, conscientiousness, responsibility, justice, reticence in speech, friendliness and obedience to the orders of superiors. These values are timeless and still topical, even in our modern times. Resignation from the above mentioned values may result in police officers pretending to respect ethical principles in their work, which was evident in the activities of the Citizen’s Militia. Therefore, the above fully justifies police efforts undertaken after 1990, which are expressed not only as concern for reliably developed legal regulations and operational directives to be followed while performing official duties, but also as compliance with the principles of police ethics, which are based on universal values (including the protection of human life and health, respect for human dignity, truth, responsibility and patriotism). This goal is to be achieved both through education on basic training and specialist courses, as well as thanks to police priests’ work.
7
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Odmowa przyznania świadczenia motywacyjnego w sytuacji wszczęcia postępowania karnego przeciwko funkcjonariuszowi Policji

88%
Gacek P.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2021
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vol. 2
|
issue 34
65-85
EN
On October 1st 2020, a new institution was introduced to the Act on the Police – the incentive benefit. It is intended by the legislature to keep officers with at least 25 years active service. Awarding this benefit depends on the period of service held by the officer. The regulation relating to the incentive benefit also provides for a number of negative premises, the materialization of which results in the refusal to grant the benefit. This article is entirely devoted to the issue related to the refusal to grant an incentive benefit in the cause of initiating criminal proceedings against a Police officer. It was therefore necessary to indicate at what point the stage of criminal proceedings changes from in rem to ad personam, because this results in initiating them against a specific person. The change in the stage of criminal proceedings depends on the offence it concerns. If it is a public prosecution offense, the change takes place in connection with the presentation of charges to the specific person. However, in the context of Art. 120a (7) (2) Act on the Police, the initiation of criminal proceedings against a specific person should be equated with the very fact of drawing up a decision on the presentation of charges. However, it is different in the situation specified in Art. 55 § 1 of The Code of Criminal Procedure, or in proceedings in cases prosecuted by private prosecution. The mere submitting of a subsidiary indictment, private indictment or complaint results in the initiation of proceedings against a specific person, provided that they have been submitted effectively. It was also emphasized that the administrative authority is bound by decisions undertaken in the criminal proceedings and cannot make any independent determinations in this regard, as it cannot interfere with the competences reserved to another entity.
8

Impact of Work on the Well-Being of Police Officers and Firefighters

88%
Basińska B., Wiciak I.
Internal Security
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2013
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vol. 5(1)
247-258
EN
Work is one of the most important spheres of human functioning and has a significant impact on individual overall well-being. The purpose of this study is to assess the positive and negative impact of the work of police officers and firefighters on their well-being in different spheres of life. In particular, the study examines the relationship between the type of occupation and the elements that generate a feeling of well-being, issues relating to a positive influence of work on different spheres of life, as well as the relationship between the length of service and the influence of work on health. A hedonistic model of the quality of life has been assumed. The study encompassed 499 Polish officers serving in operational positions, including 195 police officers and 304 firefighters. A modified scale of satisfaction with various aspects of life, and a calculated work-related positivity indicator in the field of life, were used for the assessment of subjective well-being in relation to work. The results showed that the impact of work on well-being in the social, economic, and health spheres, and in relation to self-esteem, was determined by the nature of the work. Compared to police officers, firefighters were more positive in their assessment of the impact of work on their private life and overall well-being. Among the police officers, work was considered to have a negative impact on health, leisure and economic well-being. The results obtained from the group of firefighters are explained in accordance with the “top-down” model, and those from the group of police officers on the lines of the “bottom-up” model, in Czapiński’s onion theory of happiness. Practical implications for health and leisure are discussed.
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Obligatory suspension of a police officer from official duties

88%
Gacek P.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2019
|
issue 28
113-139
EN
This paper focuses solely on issues related to the obligatory suspension of police officers from official duties. The relevant provisions are contained in Art. 39 (1) of the Act of 6 April 1990 on the Police. Suspension from official duties is obligatory when the stage of preparatory proceedings conducted against a police officer changes from in rem to ad personam. Such change automatically results in loss of impeccable opinion, which is a necessary condition for serving in the Police. Attention is focused on the objective to be achieved by the institution. The limits of the meaning of the phrase “initiation of proceedings against a police officer” were also indicated as a prerequisite for the application of the legal construction of Art. 39 (1) of the Police Act.
10

Fatigue and Professional Burnout in Police Officers and Firefighters

75%
Basińska B., Wiciak I.
Internal Security
|
2012
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vol. 4(2)
265-274
EN
Excessive demands, work overload and the working time arrangements are an important cause of burnout and fatigue in employees. Specific working time arrangements are characteristic of the internal security services, such as police officers and firefighters. This applies to both the ordering of day and night shifts and the length of shifts. Depletion of personal resources is a common component for acute fatigue and burnout. However, fatigue has a short-term effect, whereas burnout has a chronic effect. The aim of the study presented here is to assess the relationship between fatigue and burnout in two professional groups with high psychosocial risks. The group examined consisted of 174 people, 89 police officers (11women) and 85 firefighters. Correlational design was used. The Fatigue Scale was applied to measure fatigue at work, and The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used to measure exhaustion and disengagement. The results of our study showed that in comparison with firefigthers, police officers were more fatigued, more exhausted and more disengaged. Fatigue was related to exhaustion and disengagement. The effective size of the relationship between fatigue and exhaustion and between fatigue and disengagement was similar and moderate in both groups. In conclusion, the differences between police officers and firefighters in fatigue and burnout may be explained by different demands and working time arrangements. Depletion of energy resources is visible in exhaustion and disengagement. The practices of limiting the negative and direct results of work, such as fatigue, may help to prevent the escalation of chronic conditions such as burnout.
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Delegowanie policjanta z urzędu do czasowego pełnienia służby w innej jednostce organizacyjnej Policji lub w innej miejscowości na podstawie art. 36 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 6 kwietnia 1990 r. o Policji, a zakres ochrony wynikający z art. 32 ustawy z dnia 23m

63%
Gacek P.
Studia Prawnicze KUL
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2019
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issue 2
77-112
EN
This article has been completely devoted to the issues which concern delegating a police officer from the office for temporary service in a different organizational unit of the Police or in another locality on the basis of Art. 36 (1) of the Act of 6 April 1990 on the Police, as well as the scope of protection resulting from Art. 32 of the Act of May 23, 1991 on Trade Unions in reference to a police officer who is a member of a trade union organisation of police officers. The provisions of the Act on Trade Unions must take into account specific features of the service relationship. Therefore, the construction of the legal ties has been discussed, including the characteristic features of this legal structure. In the following part, the reference is made to the provision of Art. 32 of the Act on Trade Unions and the scope of its permissible application to a police officer who is a member of a trade union organisation, and to the protection that this provision provides in particular.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł w całości został poświecony omówieniu zagadnienia dotyczącego delegowania policjanta z urzędu do czasowego pełnienia służby w innej jednostce organizacyjnej Policji lub w innej miejscowości na podstawie art. 36 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 6 kwietnia 1990 r. o Policji, a także zakresu ochrony wynikającego z art. 32 ustawy z dnia 23 maja 1991 r. o związkach zawodowych przewidzianego dla policjanta będącego członkiem organizacji związku zawodowego policjantów. Stosowanie regulacji ustawy o związkach zawodowych musi uwzględniać specyfikę i charakter stosunku służbowego. Wobec tego omówiono konstrukcję tej więzi prawnej, a także wskazano charakterystyczne cechy tej konstrukcji prawnej. W dalszej części odniesiono się do przepisu art. 32 ustawy o związkach zawodowych oraz do zakresu jego dopuszczalnego stosowania do policjanta członka organizacji związku zawodowego, a w szczególności ochrony jaką przepis ten przewiduje.
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