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Speech acts or speech act sets: apologies and compliments

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Válková S.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 2
44-57
EN
The present paper arises from wider research (Válková, 2004, 2012) aimed at various manifestations of politeness theory, namely at the processes of apologising and complimenting and their results, i.e. overt language entities of different sizes and various structural configurations that can be perceived (or negotiated) as apologies and compliments. These are treated within the framework of a modified model of speech act set theory, with corpus‑based samples discussed to verify the validity of the theoretical findings. The results show that rather than single speech acts, apologies and compliments should be treated as speech act sets opening up space for identifying more delicate, partly universal and partly language specific scenarios, by means of which cross‑cultural similarities and differences can be considered. The consequences for SLA are also obvious: the lack of pragmatic competence in producing appropriate speech reactions diminishes the possibility of accomplishing the intended communicative goals.
2
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Starzec i grzeczność językowa w komediach Plauta (Old man and linguistic politeness in comedies of Plautus)

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Berger Ł.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
61-82
PL
The aim of the article is to study the conversational behaviour of the Plautine old men in light of the politeness theory. The analysis concerns those scenes of salutatio and giving advice, where one of the speaker is senex, in order to examine features of his linguistic characterization.Según se desprende de la lectura de las obras plautinas, la caracterización de la figura del senex en las comedias de Plauto se centra en destacar su dignidad personal y pública como paterfamilias, un miembro de la élite económica y política. En este artículo hemos igualado la dignitas de los ancianos –que se revela en cada interacción verbal– con el concepto de la imagen social proveniente de la teoría de la cortesía lingüística. A continuación, hemos analizado dos tipos de comportamiento lingüístico (el saludo y las secuencias de aconsejar), donde el senex interactúa con personajes de diferente estatus social. En cuanto a las escenas de saludo realizadas por y hacia los ancianos, se percibe un alto grado de ritualización de la apertura dialógica, tanto más evidente entre dos senes. Las secuencias en las que se dan consejos a un noble paterfamilias también necesitan de varias estrategias de cortesía lingüística para no dañar su imagen social, puesto que este tipo de interacción verbal conlleva una asimetría de poder entre los hablantes. En una breve revisión de dichas escenas, hemos indicado los recursos utilizados tanto para afirmar la imagen del interlocutor (cortesía positiva), como para expresar respeto y reverencia hacia él (cortesía negativa). En consecuencia, la cortesía lingüística, como fenómeno conversacional, nos parece un importante recurso de la caracterización de los personajes plautinos no a nivel estilístico, sino a nivel de la interacción dialógica.
3
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Pragmatic functions of I in academic discourse: linguistic research articles

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Raušová V.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2018
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vol. 28
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issue 2
168-183
EN
This study presents comparative research focused on the frequency and usage of the 1st person singular pronoun I in linguistic research articles (RAs) written in English by native speakers of English and native speakers of Czech. Two specialized corpora, together comprising 80 RAs, were compiled for the purposes of this study. The study shows that in comparison to previous research, the use of I gradually increases in RAs of Czech authors but the device is still underused compared to RAs of native English speakers. The underuse is linked to longstanding traditions of Czech academic writing. Moreover, the pragmatic functions of propositions featuring I as an explicit authorial reference in the discourse (Stating opinions and claims, Discourse organisation and guidance, Research process recounting) were linked to the tenets of the Politeness theory, to show benefits and risks of exploiting implications that they carry.
4
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Hipercortesía verbal en Eurípides

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Rodríguez-Piedrabuena S.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2020
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vol. 30
EN
This paper presents an overview of the theoretical background on over- and under-politeness as well as on conventionalised irony. It goes on to explore these phenomena in relation to a collection of suppliant scenes by Euripides, since they are easy to compare in terms of the narrative pattern and the role performed by the characters. Along with other examples from the sample, this article attempts to propose that the idioms οὐκ οἶδ’ ἐγώ ‘I am not aware that’, ὡς ἔοικε ‘it seems’ and βούλῃ (+ subj. / acI); ‘do you want…?’, εἰ βούλῃ ‘if you want’ are likely cases of conventionalised overpoliteness.
5
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The Old Man and Linguistic Politeness in the Comedies of Plautus

86%
Berger Ł.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 3
EN
The aim of the article is to study the conversational behaviour of the Plautine old men in light of (im)politeness theory. The analysis concerns those scenes of salutatio and advice-giving where one of the speakers is a senex, in order to examine features of his linguistic characterisation.
6
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Interakcja w miejscu pracy z perspektywy kilku podejść dyskursywnych

72%
Stubbe M., Hilder J., Vine E., Vine B., Holmes J., Marra M., Lane C., Weatherall A.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
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2013
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vol. 9
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issue 1
112-151
PL
W artykule omówiono wkład pięciu różnych podejść w ramach analizy dyskursu w interpretację i zrozumienie tego samego materiału empirycznego. Podejścia wybrane do porównania to analiza konwersacyjna, interakcyjna socjolingwistyka, teoria grzeczności, krytyczna analiza dyskursu i psychologia dyskursywna. Dane empiryczne stanowi dziewięciominutowe nagranie dźwiękowe nieformalnej interakcji w miejscu pracy. W artykule zostaną ze sobą zestawione różne sposoby analizy, zostaną również omówione teoretyczne i metodologiczne implikacje używania poszczególnych podejść.
EN
This article explores the contributions that five different approaches to discourse analysis can make to interpreting and understanding the same piece of data. Conversation analysis, interactional sociolinguistics, politeness theory, critical discourse analysis, and discursive psychology are the approaches chosen for comparison. The data is a nine-minute audio recording of a spontaneous workplace interaction. The analyses are compared, and the theoretical and methodological implications of the different approaches are discussed.
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