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Konflikt polsko-ukraiński o Galicję Wschodnią w latach 1918–1919

100%
Rubacha J.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2012
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vol. 3
171-189
EN
Polish-Ukrainian relations have a rich, a centuries history, going back to the Middle Ages, but its specific dimension reached during the great changes which brought together the outbreak of the First World War. The development of the national idea of Europe in the second half of nineteenth century, stimulated Ukrainian political wheels to make efforts to obtain autonomy, which had become a prelude to the creation of an independent state. The effect of these changes became proclamation, even by the official end of hostilities in 1918, two Ukrainian states. These events, however, were in constant conflict with the Polish reason of state. Polish political circles stood for the view that the Polish indigenous lands – and as such recognize, among others Eastern Galicia, and Chelmszczyzna and Wolyn – had to be covered by the borders of the Polish state. That position led to a war with the Ukrainians at the turn of October and November 1918. Fierce fighting, a memorial which still remain a numbers of Polish and Ukrainian, mausoleums and cemeteries in the Eastern Galicia, lasting several months.
2
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Statuty Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

100%
Bednarski Ł.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2012
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vol. 3
29-40
EN
The abovementioned study titled “The Statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania” outlines the issues concerning attempts to codify Lithuanian law in the age of Renaissance. In the beginning deals with the question of statutes functioning as three separate legal documents or only one divided into three parts. Further, short overview of selected European countries’ efforts to put their law systems in order is presented. Then 3 Statutes (one by one) are being described along with stating the main purpose of establishing them. The study also presents how the Lithuanian legal system has evolved, by indicating modifications in the matter of comprehending the idea of law itself and the issue of specifying and clarifying its regulations as well. Elaboration emphasizes the great importance of the most distinguished prominents of legal profession who were experts in both Roman and Canon law and the part they have taken in initiating and drafting the Statutes, which were indeed the masterpieces of legislation art. Statutes have become legal documents of greatest historic value. Finally, the influence of the Roman law on Statutes and impact of Lithuanian legal principles on neighbouring countries is briefly characterized. All facts are presented in chronological order.
3
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Wojna polsko-bolszewicka w nauczaniu historii w szkołach podstawowych i średnich w latach 1944–1989

88%
Przybysz M.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2011
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vol. 2
77-91
EN
The article is devoted to presenting the 1919–1921 Polish-Bolshevik conflict in history teaching at primary and secondary schools in the period between 1944 and 1989. It includes the times of the communist rule in Poland. It contains an analysis of school textbooks and curricula in terms of propaganda and hypocrisy used by the Communists. The article shows distinct periods in which presentation of the Polish conflict with Bolshevik Russia changed. The first period lasted from 1944 to 1948, when the Communists only strengthened their authority in Poland. It is characterized by a relatively small amount of political propaganda in textbooks and avoiding sensitive topics. The next period are the years of Stalinism (1948–1956) characterized by sharp comments about the Polish participants of the 1920 war, often called fascists. Some normalization of the situation occurs in 1956–1970. This is a period of negative presentation of the war against the Bolsheviks, but without aggressive vocabulary. The years 1970–1980 are the time when textbooks were enriched with facts, although a tendency to criticize the eastern policy of the Second Republic of Poland still remains. The last highlighted period includes the years between 1980 and 1989, in which the collapsing communist system enabled more objective teaching about the war of 1920. The article is an attempt to present the impact of authority on the teaching system at schools, an example of which may be the presentation of Polish-Bolshevik War in the People’s Republic of Poland.
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