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EN
Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the process of building a democratic society, including in the political sphere. In order to draw conclusions about gender equality in the political sphere, it is necessary to constantly investigate the current situation. An indicator of gender equality in the political sphere is the representation of women and men in the governmental institutions. Therefore, there is a need to analyse the gender structure of central and local authorities in the European Union. The aim of the paper is to analyse the representation of women and men in elected authorities and governments of the European Union and Ukraine. The author explored the participation of men and women in the European Parliament, national parliaments of European countries, national governmental authorities, regional and local parliaments of the EU and Ukraine. The gender structures of different authorities were compared. The countries with gender equality in the political sphere and the countries with the largest imbalances were identified. The author analysed the factors that contributed to the establishment of equality in countries with indicators as close as possible to gender balance (Scandinavian countries). Among such factors the most interesting are: emancipation of women; high level of social development; institutional factors and legislation as incentives. A comparison of the gender structures of the central executive and legislative bodies and local councils of Ukraine and Poland was made.
Nurt SVD
|
2018
|
issue 2
199-214
PL
Autorka artykułu przedstawia Kościół katolicki jako instytucję obecną w życiu publicznym, tj. zarówno w sferze publicznej, jak i politycznej. Wskazuje przy tym na znaczenie każdej z tych sfer. Chcąc pokazać, jak współcześnie powinny przedstawiać się relacje między dwiema instytucjami (tj. między państwem a Kościołem), działającymi w tym samym obszarze (tj. w życiu publicznym), wysunięte wnioski odnosi do wybranych aktów prawnych regulujących stosunki państwo – Kościół w III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
EN
The author of this article shows the Catholic Church as an institution present in the public and political life. She emphasises the importance of each of these spheres, and aims at demonstrating the rules by which the proper relationship between the two realms (state and church), operating in the same areas of public life today, should be governed. In her conclusions she refers to a number of selected legal acts regulating the relationship between the Polish state and the Church in the Third Polish Republic.
EN
The article analyzes the combination of different scientific methods by which we study the specific media texts, reflecting the political sphere. Methods of policy analysis are general and universal in nature and represent a set of principles and approaches that provide assessment, forecasting and monitoring of the effects of political decisions. The author considers the different types of analysis, in particular the situational, discursive, content analysis, intent analysis and defines the functions of the of the analyst and formulates the problem of policy analysis of media text. Media are considered as independent subjects of political analysis.
RU
Статья посвящена анализу совокупности различных научных методик, с помощью которых исследуются конкретные медийные тексты, отражающие политическую сферу. Методы анализа политики носят общий характер и универсальный характер и  представляют собой набор принципов и  подходов, обеспечивающих оценку, прогнозирование и  мониторинг последствий политических решений. Автор рассматривает различные типы анализа, в частности, ситуационный, дискурсивной, контент-анализ, интент-анализ, а  также определяет функции политического анализа, формулирует проблему политического анализа текста СМИ. Медиа рассматриваются как независимые субъекты политического анализа.
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