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National Liberals and their Progeny. Approaching the Peculiar Developments in Central European Liberal Party Traditions, 1867–1918

100%

Mulej O.

Acta Poloniae Historica

2015

vol. 111

This paper addresses patterns of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century structural and ideological transformations of liberalism in Central European party politics that might be perceived as region-specific. Focusing on the Czech, German, and Slovene speaking lands of the Cisleithanian half of the Habsburg Monarchy, it also shortly discusses the Imperial German, Hungarian and Polish Galician contexts. Perhaps the most striking aspect of the complex interplay between ideologies, organized political movements, and political languages within the context of rapidly changing political cultures during the last third of the nineteenth century and first quarter of the twentieth was the changing relationship between the national and liberal components within the national liberal traditions. By 1900 the national came to visibly prevail over the liberal: nationalism was gaining in strength and intensity and was adopting new, more aggressive and integralist forms. From the turn of the century onwards it is therefore more proper to talk about heirs of liberalism in terms of party politics rather than simply liberals. The nationalist turn of the Central European national liberals and their political heirs, reached its peak by the turn of the century and continued to develop further into the interwar period. Partial abandonment of classical liberal tenets largely distinguished the contemporary organized liberalism to the West as well. What makes the Central European developments specific in this regard is their direction, which unlike the emergence of currents of new or social liberalism in the West, to a notable degree led towards adoption of anti-liberal and radically nationalist positions and therefore partial vanishing of liberal traditions.

Zbiorowe stosunki pracy w Europie pod presją międzynarodową: porównanie sześciu krajów

72%

Meardi G.

Polityka Społeczna

2013

vol. 40

issue 9(474)

15-23

The effects of increased internationalisation on employment relations are assessed through the analysis of industrial relations developments since 1992 in the six largest EU countries. The analysis focuses on the internationalisation of the three main actors of employment relations: multinational companies, migration, and international organisations (especially the EU). All three forces converge in undermining the potential of national industrial relations arrangements – but it emerges that national political traditions are still important in shaping these influences. As a result, industrial relations, rather than reduced to a ‘market logic’, are re-politicised, due to social resistance to reforms and the need for increased legal intervention.

Artykuł ocenia efekty internacjonalizacji nad zbiorowymi stosunkami pracy przez porównanie zmian w sześciu największych krajach europejskich od 1992 r. Analiza skupia się nad internacjonalizacją trzech aktorów stosunków pracy: firmach wielonarodowych, migracjach i organizacjach międzynarodowych (przede wszystkim UE). Te trzy siły ograniczają rozwiązania narodowe, ale okazuje się, że tradycje polityczne narodowe nadal kształtują ich wpływy. Wynika z tego, że zbiorowe stosunki pracy nie są redukowane do logiki rynku, ale są ponownie upolitycznione z powodu oporu społecznego i coraz częstszej ingerencji prawodawstwa.

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National Liberals and their Progeny. Approaching the Peculiar Developments in Central European Liberal Party Traditions, 1867–1918

Zbiorowe stosunki pracy w Europie pod presją międzynarodową: porównanie sześciu krajów