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K problematike kultúrneho uznania Charlesa Taylora

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EN
This article deals with the fundamental features of Taylor´s concept of recognition and considers some problem areas to which cultural recognition is relevant. Our identity is partly characterized by the recognition or the misrecognition - too often by the misrecognition - of others. The collapse of original social settings has brought a transition from honour to dignity, implying a redefinition of identity and authenti­city. The period in which people from western society lived in their pre-determined settings, and with corresponding characters they were called to represent, has lost its relevance today. Taylor distinguishes between the politics of universalism and the politics of difference, both of which are based on the politics of this transition from honour to dignity. Taylor refers to context and particular sociability values, although the community’s perception does not reflect any overly-particularist tendencies. His thesis has universalist elements from which he derives normativity. Universal moral ontology is, according to Taylor’s thesis, a condition for particular values and standards in practice.
EN
The article analyzes political and epistemological limitations of postmoderncritique of justice in the midst of an economic and ideological rule of freemarket universalism. Interpreting the lack of political response to a fire of chickenprocessing plant in Hamlet, North Carolina, which took 25 victims, the authordiscusses questions of identity politics, multiculturalism, situatedness, othernessand difference. It is impossible, in Harvey’s opinion, to discuss them apart frompolitical environment and material conditions. The return to economic issues (includingquestion of exploitation, class and accumulation), neglected by postmodernists,and epistemology based on historical and geographical materialism provideus with an opportunity for the recovery of concepts of universality (in dialecticalrelation with particularity) and social justice as a powerful mobilizing discourse forpolitical action.
PL
Artykuł analizuje polityczne i epistemologiczne ograniczenia postmodernistycznej krytyki sprawiedliwości w dobie ekonomicznychi ideologicznych rządów uniwersalizmu wolnorynkowego.Interpretując brak politycznej odpowiedzi na pochłaniający 25 ofiar pożar zakładu przetwórstwa drobiu w Hamlet w Karolinie Północnej, autor podejmuje dyskusję nad kwestiami polityki tożsamości, wielokulturowości, usytuowania, inności i różnicy. Zdaniem Harveya nie sposób o nich argumentować w oderwaniu od otoczenia politycznego i warunków materialnych. To właśnie powrót do zaniedbywanej przez postmodernistów problematyki ekonomicznej (w tym kwestii wyzysku, klasy czy akumulacji) oraz epistemologia oparta na materializmie historyczno-geograficznym pozwalają na odzyskanie pojęć uniwersalności (w dialektycznej relacji z partykularnością) i sprawiedliwości społecznej jako potężnego dyskursu mobilizującego działania polityczne.
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EN
This article presents the problem of politics of difference realized within the American educational system, with a special emphasis on higher education. This politics is according to the author based on putting in the center of all educational actions the idea of diversity, as well in creating academic institutions. This key idea becomes in the American context a special significance, regarding the fact that the American society is based on ideology that celebrates multiculturalism and diversity as such. This article presents also an important for the contemporary situation in the United States problem of combining cultural and ethnic diversity on the economical category of difference between various classes. Furthermore, it seems to be more significant in the light of the economic crisis in recent years that affected also American education in the same extent.
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