Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 10

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  popular initiative
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article is devoted to the right of legislative initiative deriving from the principle of popular sovereignty. The right of legislative initiative is one of the forms of participatory democracy. The popular initiative is regulated by the Art. 118 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and by the act on exercising rights of legislative initiative by citizens of 24 June, 1999. The right of legislative initiative is exercised by collection of 100 000 signatures with regard to the bill. Once the required number of signatures have been collected, the bill in the form of the right of legislative initiative is filed to the Speaker of the Sejm. The Speaker then processes such a case.
2
84%
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu było ustalenie roli, jaką pełni inicjatywa ludowa w systemie politycznym Szwajcarii. Inicjatywę ludową (obywatelską) możemy zdefiniować jako procedurę, która umożliwia obywatelom przedstawienie swoich propozycji ustawodawczych (konstytucyjnych) poprzez zgromadzenie wymaganej liczby podpisów pod wnioskiem. Inicjatywa ludowa w Szwajcarii pozwala grupom obywateli złożyć propozycje w zakresie zmiany konstytucji. Należy podkreślić, iż na poziomie federacji nie funkcjonuje inicjatywa w zakresie ustawodawstwa zwykłego. Spośród 174 inicjatyw ludowych, które zostały poddane pod głosowanie w referendum, do roku 2010 jedynie 18 (10%) zyskało aprobatę większości. Pozostałe wnioski odrzucono. Inicjatywy są zgłaszane z różnorodnych powodów. Elementem wspólnym jest efekt tworzenia programu politycznego. Partie polityczne oraz grupy interesu podejmują inicjatywy także z powodów strategicznych. W Szwajcarii instytucje demokracji bezpośredniej (w tym inicjatywa ludowa) odgrywają istotną rolę, zarówno w zakresie częstotliwości stosowania, jak i pod względem wywieranego wpływu, w systemie politycznym ukształtowanym przez politykę porozumienia i dość stabilny system partyjny.
EN
The aim of this study is to determine the role of popular initiative in the political system of Switzerland. The term ‘popular’, or ‘citizens’ initiatives’ refers to the procedures that allow citizens to bring new issues to the political agenda through collective action, that is, through collecting a certain number of signatures in support of a policy proposal. Citizens’ initiative in Switzerland allows for any group outside parliament to put a proposal on the table. The proposal has to suggest a constitutional amendment. Changes to laws or any other government regulations cannot be the subject of a popular initiative at national level in Switzerland. Of the 174 initiatives that have made it to the polls, only 18 (10 per cent) had been approved prior to 2010, all the others were rejected. Initiatives are launched for numerous reasons. The agenda-setting effect is relevant for all initiatives. Parties and interest groups also launch initiatives for more strategic reasons. In Switzerland the institutions of direct democracy, including the popular initiative on constitutional amendments, play a most prominent role, both in terms of frequency and in terms of impact, in a political system shaped by consensus politics and a rather stable party system.
EN
Human communities are looking for the best organization of the political system, which will allow them to build a comfortable life and to secure the future. Today, the majority of the societies is in favor of democracy. Very unusual, unique democracy is the Swiss democracy. The direct democracy in the Swiss Confederation, and the influence of citizens on the political system is the subject of this article, which presents the phenomenon of direct democracy in Switzerland with a focus on functionality and dysfunctionality of the Swiss political system.
EN
The article is devoted to popular initiative in Austria with reference to actions aimed at preventing COVID-19 from spreading. Due to the emergence of threat in the form of COVID-19, the popular initiative expressed in Article 41(2) of the Constitution of Austria has changed in terms of its meaning. The state of COVID-19 pandemic forced Austrian legislature to change the law, including amendments to the act of 2016 on popular initiative. The popular initiative act was amended in § 24(1) and (2) by introducing certain restrictions on the fulfillment of this initiative. In April 2020, the popular initiative act was amended by suspending the deadlines referred to in § 4(1) and § 6(1), and revoking the already established periods of entry, pursuant to § 6(2). This modification was made with a view to smoothly implement the popular initiative with regard to counteracting COVID-19. Based on these provisions, the implementation of the popular initiative has changed its shape.
EN
The main aim of this article was to present the popular initiatives in Switzerland concerning migration. The initiatives were presented in chronological order and analysed from historical and current perspectives, starting from 1968 with the initiative “Anti-foreign empire” through 2018 with “For the moderated immigration (initiative of limitation)”. The article focuses mainly on initiatives held in the 21st century, as they were accepted by the people and led to changes of the Federal Constitution. The main research question is whether Swiss citizens may use popular initiative as an effective instrument influencing migration policy. The main hypothesis is that the popular initiative may be an effective instrument influencing migration policy. The author used the dogmatic method as the research method which refers to the analysis of the legislation and academic literature, based on library searches made in Switzerland. The article presents the main arguments of the initiator as well as the immigration situation, which was always a background for developing the idea. As the article focuses mostly on the initiative “Stop mass immigration” it presents in detail the arguments that encouraged people to vote in favour. Those arguments referred to e.g. real estate market, natural environment, labour market, social security, Swiss identity, culture and religion, criminality and asylum. The author also analysed the implementation of initiatives and attempts to answer the question whether the amendment of the Federal Constitution was effective.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu było przedstawienie inicjatyw ludowych w Szwajcarii dotyczących migracji. Inicjatywy zostały przedstawione w porządku chronologicznym i poddane analizie z perspektywy historycznej: począwszy od 1968 r. i inicjatywy „Przeciwko zagranicznemu imperium”, do inicjatywy z 2018 r. – „Dla umiarkowanej imigracji (inicjatywa ograniczająca)”. Skoncentrowano się głównie na inicjatywach, które miały miejsce w XXI w., ponieważ zostały zaakceptowane przez naród i doprowadziły do zmian w Konstytucji Federalnej. Główne pytanie badawcze brzmi następująco: Czy obywatele Szwajcarii mogą wykorzystać inicjatywę ludową jako skuteczny instrument wpływający na politykę migracyjną? Z kolei główna hipoteza zakłada, że inicjatywa popularna może być skutecznym instrumentem wpływającym na politykę migracyjną. Autorka zastosowała metodę dogmatyczną jako metodę badawczą. Dokonano analizy ustawodawstwa i literatury naukowej w oparciu o kwerendy biblioteczne przeprowadzone w Szwajcarii. W artykule opisano główne argumenty wnioskodawców oraz sytuację imigracyjną, która zawsze była podstawą do wystąpienia z inicjatywą. Najwięcej uwagi poświecono inicjatywie „Stop masowej imigracji”, przedstawiając szczegółowo argumenty wnioskodawców, które miały zachęcić społeczeństwo do jej poparcia. Były to argumenty dotyczące wpływu imigracji m.in. na rynek nieruchomości, środowisko naturalne, rynek pracy, zabezpieczenie społeczne, szwajcarską tożsamość, kulturę i religię oraz przestępczość i azyl. Analizie poddano również realizację inicjatywy i podjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy zmiana Konstytucji Federalnej była skuteczna.
EN
The main goal of the article is to answer the question about the role of direct de-mocracy in Swiss Cantons. The author in her considerations concentrates on such institu-tions as: cantonal referendum, cantonal popular initiatives and popular assembly (Landsgemeinde). The questions that were posed in this article were the following: how do the direct democratic institutions work in the Swiss Confederation? What kind of changes are taking place when it comes to cantonal forms of direct democracy? What is the role of Landsgemeinde and how does it function in practice? In the research process several research methods have been used by the author. They were: institutional-legal analysis that helped to study the legal acts on direct demo-cratic forms in Swiss cantons; quantitative analysis – basing on statistical data it was possible to evaluate the use of direct democratic forms of civic involvement. Also partic-ipative observation and individual interviews were very helpful in the research process – they were used during the author’s stays in Switzerland, where she was able to observe both Landsgemeinde – in 2013 in Appenzell Innerhoden and in 2014 in Glarus.
PL
Szwajcaria jest jednym z nielicznych państw Europy Zachodniej, które nie przystąpiły do UE. Szwajcarzy kilkakrotnie wzywani byli do głosowania w referendum w sprawach związanych z UE, niemniej trzykrotnie głosowali przeciwko. Obywatele Szwajcarii wydają się być zadowoleni ze stosunków z UE opartych na umowach dwustronnych. Nie widzą potrzeby zacieśniania współpracy. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie czy obywatele Szwajcarii rzeczywiście nie chcą przystąpienia ich państwa do UE. Analiza negatywnych wyników referendów w sprawach dotyczących UE może być przydatna w zrozumieniu szwajcarskiego punktu widzenia.
EN
Switzerland is unique in Western Europe, not having joined the European Union (EU). Switzerland is still neither a member of the EU nor of the European Economic Area. However, the Swiss were asked to vote on issues concerning the EU several times. Three times the results of those referenda were negative. The Swiss seem to be satisfied with a relationship with the EU based on bilateral agreements. They do not see the need for closer cooperation, within the structure of the EU. The aim of this paper is to explore whether the citizens of Switzerland want to join the EU or not. Analyzing the negative results of Swiss referenda on issues concerning the EU might be helpful in understanding the Swiss point of view.
EN
Direct democracy is seen as a complementary form of government in relation to representative democracy. It is intended to compensate for the shortcomings of representative democracy, and to ensure the direct participation of citizens in the exercise of power. One of the institutions of direct democracy, guaranteed in the constitutions and other legal acts of Lithuania and Latvia, is a popular initiative. Despite similar historical and political experiences, Lithuania and Latvia differ significantly between each other in their approach to direct democracy, including the popular initiative. The primary hypothesis of this paper is a statement that the popular initiative is a major institution of direct democracy used in these countries, but due to the difficult formal requirements, the institution of popular initiative is ineffective.
|
2014
|
vol. 6(42)
|
issue 3
107-140
EN
The present publication analyzes the conditions, course of events, and consequences of the popular vote on the restriction of mass immigration, which took place in Switzerland on February 9th, 2014. In order to understand the essence of the vote, the author introduces the reader to the issue of the Swiss system of direct democracy, a very important part of the country’s political system and presents previously pursued immigration policy of the state. This article mainly aims to present the reasons that led to the popular vote, to present the social attitudes accompanying the pre-vote debate, as well as to analyze the voting results and the consequences of Swiss citizens accepting the initiative. The result of the popular vote is extremely important in the context of the foreign policy pursued by the Swiss government. Society's decision to opt against the current line of Swiss immigration policy, chosen by the state many years ago, is forcing the authorities to introduce significant changes to that policy. These changes, in turn, may significantly undermine the existing relations between Switzerland and the European Union.
PL
Serbia charakteryzuje się niestabilnością polityczną i państwową od początku swojej nowożytnej historii. Problemy z określeniem racjonalnego interesu narodowego, kwestie granic państwa, strategii rozwoju pokazują, że w tym kraju istnieją poważne problemy z utworzeniem syntezy społecznej rozumianej jako „wartość dodana” własnej historii – uczenie się na błędach i wyciąganie właściwych wniosków. Praca stanowi próbę pokazania, dlaczego serbskie elity pozostają nieskuteczne w tworzeniu funkcjonalnego systemu społecznego w dominującym kontekście społecznym (w tym racjonalnie pojętego interesu narodowego jako fundamentalnego warunku stabilności społecznej).
EN
Since the beginning of its modern history Serbia has been characterized by political and state instability. The issues regarding determination of a rational national interest, the questions of country's borders and development strategy show that the country has considerable problems to create a social synthesis understood as „positive value” of the country's history – learning from its own mistakes and drawing correct conclusions. The paper is an attempt to present the reasons for which the actions of Serbian elites remain ineffective in creating a functional social system in the dominating social context (including a reasonable national interest as a fundamental condition of social stability).
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.