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„Oficjalny rysownik” I Brygady

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Żywicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

2014

issue 2

23-36

Jan Gumowski (1883-1946) was the Kraków painter, graphic artist and draughtsman. During the studies in the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts and upon graduating, he was awarded and distinguished in artistic contests. The success in one of them made him a holder of the Czartoryski Family Scholarship and allowed to complete the studies in art in Florence, Munich and Paris. Immediately upon returning to the country he set out to war – on 6 August, 1914 he became a soldier of the 1st Brigade of the Polish Legions. In the moments outside the duty, he created drawings in pencil and watercolour paintings, in which he portrayed the Legions’ soldiers and depicted the scenes from the reality of war. There were many artists serving in the Polish Legions, however in his letters to wife Gumowski assured her that the only ‘official draughtsman’ of the 1st Brigade is him. The period of intensive artistic work of Gumowski took place for the most in a time of resting of the Legions at the Nida River and in Karasin, however also during the front’s military operations – near Kostiuchnówka and at Stochód. His other recognized works include the drawings and paintings made during the stay in hospitals and service in an Austrian regiment in Kielce and at the Command of the Polish Legions Group in Kozienice. The war output of Gumowski consists for the most in portraits of the officers, regimental doctors and chaplains. When portraying them, the artist created a specific iconotheca of the Legions’ types and characters. There are very few portraits of the Austrian officers and soldiers in Gumowski’s output. The war-related works of Gumowski have evaluated in time. Pencil portraits of the individuals were specific for the early period. Since the Volyn Campaign, his works extended by double and collective portraits. It was also the era of detailed ‘posed’ portraits for scenic compositions. Such works depicted the officers and soldiers of the 1st Brigade in non-official, even casual poses and different situations – during leisure, playing cards or singing, during the staff meetings, in dug-outs and trenches, in the front redoubts or observation positions. Drawings and sketches of Gumowski neither mythicize nor try to show the heroic aspect of the Legions. These are rather a kind of a realistic chronicle telling us a story of the people from the two-year campaign of the Polish Legions.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 2014

1 Żywicki J.

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„Oficjalny rysownik” I Brygady