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Edukacja
|
2015
|
issue 4(135)
33–50
PL
Wprowadzenie gimnazjum – jednego z elementów zmiany systemu edukacyjnego, dostosowującej go do ogólnych parametrów postfordowskiego kapitalizmu – wpłynęło na styl edukacyjny klasy ludowej w Polsce. Zmiany zachodzące w systemie od reformy w 1999 r., dotyczące ekonomizacji edukacji, parametryzacji i kwantyfikacji wyników edukacyjnych oraz wprowadzenia elementów gry rynkowej do zarządzania i finansowania szkół publicznych, przypominają procesy zachodzące od lat 80. XX w. w krajach zachodnich. Ich wpływ na styl życia klasy ludowej w Polsce wywołuje konsekwencje wynikające z lokalnej specyfiki. Artykuł opiera się na analizie 120 wywiadów pogłębionych przeprowadzonych w latach 2013–2014 z robotnikami, rolnikami i pracownikami fizycznymi w czterech regonach Polski oraz 60 wywiadów z przedstawicielami klasy średniej i wyższej z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Wykazano, że charakterystyka poddanego prawom rynkowym systemu edukacyjnego jest najlepiej dostosowana do kultury klasy średniej, w związku z czym dzieci z rodzin o niższej pozycji społecznej mogą mieć trudności z funkcjonowaniem w takim systemie. Ustalenie to staje się podstawą do formułowania nowych propozycji teoretycznych i badawczych w obszarze badań edukacyjnych.
EN
The article presents the impact of the introduction of the lower secondary schools on the educational style of the working and rural classes in Poland. This particular reform is seen as one of the elements of change to the education system adapting it to the general parameters of post-fordism. The author supports the theory of Pierre Bourdieu, which states that society is divided into three social classes (upper, lower secondary and popular) and each of them produces a specific class lifestyle and class style of education. The class style of education provides individuals with certain dispositions to educational institutions and school careers, which are realized in the form of social practices (selection of specific type of schools, learning techniques, ways of spending time, etc.). Changes that have been taking place in the education system in Poland over the last 15 years, i.e. since the 1999 reform, are similar to processes that have taken place in the 1980s and 1990s in Western countries. They include the economization of education, the parameterization and quantification of educational results, as well as the introduction of market mechanisms for managing and financing state-owned schools. The article is based on individual in-depth interviews conducted during two field studies organized in 2013–2014: “Cultural practices of the popular class” (120 IDIs) and “The class diversity of cultural practices in north-eastern Poland” (60 IDIs).
EN
Drawing on qualitative methods and data, this paper considers mindfulness in the context of a broader socio-cultural interest in recovering silence in the contemporary experience. This is part of a wider project exploring a sociology of silence, particularly ‘active silence’ that is experienced as spacious and relational rather than empty. Although the author’s primary analytical framework is sociological, she incorporates scholarship from a range of fields such as acoustic ecology, communications, religious studies, and social and natural science research on meditation. Sociologically, she uses concepts from George Herbert Mead as well as ethnographies of meditation communities to generate insights into the symbolic significance of a silent pause, its connection to mindfulness, and the cultivation of an inclusive self. She discusses how a ‘post-Fordist’ capitalist marketplace shapes a taste for mindfulness, and identifies dilemmas that nonprofit mindfulness organisations face when operating in this context, including emerging tensions over mindfulness as a public good or a privatised resource reserved for elites. The author notes Zygmunt Bauman’s distinction between the pilgrim and the tourist, and considers its relevance to the experience of contemporary meditators. She also includes recent debates about mindfulness and social justice, privilege, white space, and online resources for cultivating mindfulness in cyberspace.
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