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Environmental Concerns in Cross-National Context: How Do Mass Publics in Central and Eastern Europe Compare with Other Regions of the World?

100%
Marquart-Pyatt S. T.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 3
441–466
EN
Research examining the globalisation of environmental concern shown in public opinion surveys is currently underspecified, as the countries in Central and Eastern Europe are not explicitly showcased in empirical research. To address this gap in the literature, this research examines two measures of environmental concern, awareness of environmental threats and willingness to sacrifice, emphasising former state socialist countries both in comparison with countries around the globe and across countries located within this regional block. Results reveal that Central and Eastern European countries exhibit unique qualities regarding the content of environmental concern, and that, although the determinants of environmental threat awareness differ to some extent within this region, the social bases of willingness to sacrifice are strikingly similar across the six former state socialist countries in this sample. These results extend prior research and offer important directions for future scholarship.
2
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What determines the scale of state ownership in enterprises? Some evidence from post-socialist countries

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Matuszak P.
Economics and Business Review
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2020
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vol. 6(20)
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issue 4
95-117
EN
State-owned enterprises still play an important role in many countries around the world. The aim of this research is to indicate which factors had a significant impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises in the group of twenty eight post-socialist countries. The large scale privatisation indicator from the EBRD and the novel microlevel-based SOE measure were regressed on sets of cultural, political, economic and control variables. The results show that cultural factors-represented by the dominant religion-had a substantial impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises while the role of political and economic factors was less pronounced. These results emphasise the importance of cultural factors in shaping the scale of state ownership in enterprises. This study contributes to the literature by analysing factors inuflencing the scale of state ownership in enterprises in contemporary economic conditions which has been missing until now. A discussion on the role of the state as an owner of enterprises has been an important part of contemporary economic literature. The importance of this topic is driven by the fact that the scale of state ownership in enterprises is substantial in many countries around the world. Christiansen and Kim (2014) showed that 282 out of the 2,000 largest publicly listed companies worldwide were state-owned in 2012-2013. Szarzec, Dombi and Matuszak
3
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Cultural, political and economic roots of the labor market institutional framework in the OECD and post-socialist countries

100%
Pilc M.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2017
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vol. 12
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issue 4
713-731
EN
Research background: The literature indicates that labor market institutions are determined by cultural, political and economic factors, but does not give explicit conclusions which of these vast group of factors dominates. Purpose of the article: The goal of this study is to empirically assess whether cultural and political factors dominate over economic factors in shaping the labor market institutional framework in the OECD and post-socialist countries. Methods: This framework can be measured by a vast group of indicators. We use 10 such variables that describe the group of 47 post-socialist and OECD countries (that did not experience economic transition) in the years 2005?2009. These indicators allow to construct one Employment Efficiency Index which explains almost 47% of the employment rate heterogeneity in the years 2010?2015. In the second step, the Employment Efficiency Index is regressed on 7 uncorrelated and standardized components that describe the cultural, political and economic characteristics of the analyzed countries in the years 1995?2004 and the Chow test is conducted in order to determine whether they influence the Index with the same strength in post-socialist and non-transition OECD countries. Findings & Value added: The obtained results show that cultural and political factors have a stronger influence on labor market institutions. Moreover, the estimates reveal that the countries which experienced weak labor market performance in the period 1995?2004 did not make their institutional framework more pro-employment in the following years and, in consequence, also recorded low values of the employment rate in the period 2010?2015. Such result suggests that economic factors occurred to be on average an insufficient trigger for labor market reforms in the group of analyzed countries. Finally, the Chow test revealed that this conclusion is applicable to both post-socialist and non-transition OECD countries.
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The Effects of Social Origin and Formal Education on First Job in the Process of Transformation to Market Capitalism: A Cohort Analysis of Data from the Polish Panel Survey

86%
Kopycka K.
Polish Sociological Review
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2017
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vol. 200
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issue 4
465-484
EN
This paper analyses trends in social mobility in Poland in the process of system transformation to market capitalism. Using data from the Polish Panel Survey POLPAN, it compares social origin effects on educational attainment and on occupational status of the first job as well as the impact of formal education on the latter. The analysis is performed over four cohorts that have entered the labor market: (1) between 1983 and 1989, (2) between 1990 and 1998, (3) between 1999 and 2006, and (4) between 2007 and 2013. With regard to the impact of social origin on attainment of tertiary education upon entry to the labor market and on the status of the first job the analyses show stable social origin effects across time. Furthermore, there is evidence of a rising polarization of the effect of educational level on occupational position in the first employment.
5
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Fossil fuels abundance and institutional changes in the post-socialist countries

86%
Matuszak P.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2018
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issue 9
27-51
EN
The aim of the research was to indicate whether fossil fuels abundance had a negative effect on political and economic changes in the post-socialist countries in the years 1991—2015. The research covered 28 countries of Central-Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Data were collected from the Freedom House (FH) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) databases, as well as the BP database. The results of conducted study showed that the abundance of fossil fuels resources did not have a decisive influence on the process of market economy creation and democratisation of the post-socialist countries of Central-Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
PL
Celem badania jest ustalenie, czy bogactwo paliw kopalnych miało negatywny wpływ na przemiany polityczne i gospodarcze w krajach postsocjalistycznych w latach 1991—2015. Badaniem objęto 28 krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i byłego Związku Radzieckiego. Wykorzystano dane pochodzące z baz Freedom House (FH), Europejskiego Banku Odbudowy i Rozwoju (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development — EBRD) i BP. W analizie zastosowano estymatory: within-between, o efektach losowych oraz o efektach stałych. W celu uniknięcia problemu endogeniczności wskaźników zasobów naturalnych wykorzystano zmienne odnoszące się do wielkości zasobów ropy i gazu. Wyniki przeprowadzonego studium wykazały, że bogactwo wybranych paliw kopalnych nie miało decydującego wpływu na proces tworzenia gospodarki rynkowej oraz demokratyzacji krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i byłego Związku Radzieckiego.
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The Jessica Initiative: An Instrument for Urban Sustainable Development. Examples of Urban Regeneration in Silesia (Poland) and Central Moravia (Czech Republic) / Inicjatywa Jessica Jako Instrument Wspierania Zrównoważonego Rozwoju Miast. Przykłady Rewitalizacji Obszarów Miejskich Na Śląsku I W Środkowych Morawach

72%
Tarnawska K., Rosiek J.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2015
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vol. 18
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issue 2
119-138
EN
This article presents the practical possibilities associated with implementation of the JESSICA initiative in selected regions of Poland and the Czech Republic. i.e. in Silesia (Poland) and Central Moravia (Czech Republic). The post-socialist nature of these regions was determinative of their backwardness in terms of socio-economic development, as well as available infrastructure. Nonetheless these regions are different to a large extent, because Silesia is a typical post-industrial area, where the mining industry has been in operation for many years. After significant limitation of the scale of its economic operations, many areas and objects remain unused. They can be revitalized and then used to contribute to more sustainable socio-economic development of the region. In turn, Central Moravia represents a geographical area which has been adversely affected by the effects of the ongoing economic crisis. To some extent, Silesia suffers from similar problems as Central Moravia, but it also encounters some specific difficulties arising from its post-industrial character. For this reason, there was a necessity to properly identify opportunities to support projects financed from the JESSICA initiative in the analyzed regions, as well as to adapt the scope of these projects to the specific socio-economic conditions in the regions under investigation.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono ocenę możliwości implementacji narzędzi finansowych funkcjonujących w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA w wybranych dwóch specyficznych, przede wszystkim na ich post-industrialny charakter, ale także z powodu ich odmiennej charakterystyki społeczno-ekonomicznej, regionach Europy Środkowej: na Śląsku i w Środkowych Morawach. Problematyka ta prezentowana jest w kontekście możliwości wspierania zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów miejskich położonych w tych regionach poprzez działania mające na celu ich rewitalizację. Na początku zostały zaprezentowane ogólne ramy teoretyczne dla prowadzonych rozważań, oparte na dokonanym przez autorów przeglądzie literatury, kładącej szczególny nacisk na możliwości wykorzystania środków finansowych pochodzących z funduszy spójności Unii Europejskiej, a zwłaszcza instrumentów funkcjonujących w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA, w kierunku rewitalizacji regionów post-socjalistycznych. W rozdziale pierwszym omówiono koncepcję zrównoważonego rozwoju gospodarczego w aspekcie możliwości dokonywania działań w zakresie rewitalizacji ww. regionów, a zwłaszcza na ich ogromny potencjał rozwojowy w tym zakresie oraz na dziedziny i możliwe poziomy implementacji tego rodzaju przedsięwzięć i ich korzystne efekty. W rozdziale drugim zaprezentowano specyficzne cechy procesu rewitalizacji w krajach, regionach i miastach post-socjalistycznych. Rozdział trzeci zawiera skrótowy opis dotychczasowego przebiegu procesów rewitalizacji oraz analizę szczegółowych dziedzin i ram prawnych regulujących możliwości implementacji narzędzi finansowych w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA. Wyszczególniono także najistotniejsze aspekty degradacji rozpatrywanego obszaru, które determinują rodzaj i charakter realizowanych procesów rewitalizacji. W rozdziale czwartym zaprezentowano dotychczasowy przebieg tych procesów oraz zasadnicze problemy związane z ich implementacją (w oparciu o analizę SWOT). Zwrócono także uwagę na korzyści dla województwa płynące z realizacji projektów finansowanych w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA na obszarze Województwa Śląskiego. Rozdział piąty zawiera omówienie nowych możliwości wykorzystania funduszy pomocowych UE w regionie Środkowych Moraw w okresie programowania 2007-2013 oraz dotychczasowe obszary wsparcia w ramach priorytetów ustalonych przez Unię Europejską. W rozdziale szóstym przedstawiono z kolei kryteria, w oparciu o które dokonywany jest wybór projektów do finansowania w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA oraz zaprezentowano analizę SWOT dotyczącą możliwości wykorzystywania tego rodzaju środków finansowych przy realizacji projektów rewitalizacyjnych na obszarze regionu Środkowych Moraw. Podsumowanie zawiera wnioski dotyczące dotychczasowego i przyszłego charakteru procesów rewitalizacyjnych finansowanych przy pomocy środków finansowych w ramach inicjatywy JESSICA w rozpatrywanych regionach.
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