Search results

1

Who are “the expanded doctors”? The ethnography of professional self-identifications in Polish primary care

100%

Wiercinski H.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2020

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vol. 107

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issue 1

23-49

EN

This article is an ethnographic exploration of the responses of doctors to the 1997 healthcare reform in Poland. Based on research carried out among practitioners working in Podstawowa Opieka Zdrowotna (POZ, “Basic Healthcare”), which was established in 1997 and opened up to the market, I demonstrate the newly emerged self-identification of doctors, which can be expressed by the term, “the expanded doctor”. Following Elizabeth Dunn’s and Asta Vonderau’s ethnographies of post-socialist reconstructions, I examine how POZ practitioners became “expanded doctors”, and what particular elements constitute this novel and liberal self-definition. Based on Eliane Riska and Aurelija Novelskaite’s description of practitioners’ experiences of transforming from a planned economy to a world composed of “four logics”, I analyse the entrepreneurial face of the doctors’ self-identification, their attachment to private ownership, and the cult of liberal capitalism.

2

Corruption and anti-corruption local discourses and international practices in post-socialist Romania

100%

Zerilli F.

Human Affairs

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 2

212-229

EN

In the past two decades academic and research literature on “corruption” has flourished. During the same period organizations and initiatives fighting against corruption have also significantly expanded, turning “anti-corruption” into a new research subject. However, despite a few exceptions there is a division of labor between scholars who study corruption itself and those who study the global anti-corruption industry. Juxtaposing corruption’s local discourses and anti-corruption international practices, this article is an attempt to bring together these two intertwined research dimensions and explore how an ethnographic approach might contribute to framing them together. Firstly, it describes how corruption in Romania is often conceptualized and explained in terms of national heritage, something related to old and recent cultural history, including traditional folklore. Secondly, it explores how anti-corruption works in practice, focusing on international legal cooperation projects monitoring the progress and shortcomings both prior to and post Romania’s accession to the European Union. Finally, revealing the articulations of these two apparently unrelated research fields, the article argues that corruption’s local explanations and the circular logic of auditing observed within the anti-corruption industry share a common developmental ideology mirroring the crypto-colonialist structure of power relations and dependency among European nation-states emerging out of the Cold War.

3

Academia without contention? : The legacy of Czechoslovak ethnography and folklore studies in Czech anthropology

100%

Balaš N.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2018

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vol. 54

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issue 3

343-370

EN

One issue of the post-socialist transformation of Czech higher education has been the many attempts to establish an independent discipline of sociocultural anthropology. As many observers noted, the establishment of a fully-fledged Czech anthropology after the collapse of communism in 1989 proved to be a rather difficult task. Many accounts offered various explanations for the uneasy state of emerging Czech anthropology, but none of them focused on the specific academic practices that anthropology inherited from its predecessor—Czechoslovak ethnography. While anthropological names, books, and theories entered wide circulation and have become a regular part of curricula since the 1990s, the specific way ethnography is practiced has remained unchanged. The article looks at the Department of Ethnography and Folklore Studies at Charles University, which, in the 1990s, became one of the departments where students were able to take courses in anthropology. While the students were given an introduction to anthropological knowledge, they were not led to adopt the specific set of scholarly attitudes that are intrinsic to sociocultural anthropology, the most important of which is a specific approach to academic debates. It could be concluded that this uneven distribution of academic expertise, this disunion between knowledge and non-knowledge, may have severely delayed the development of an autonomous tradition of Czech sociocultural anthropology.

4

Kutilství mezi státním socialismem a globálním kapitalismem. Nové perspektivy zkoumání svépomoci a prozumu

86%

Gibas P., Šima K.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2020

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vol. 1

9-20

EN

The article introduces a monothematic issue of Studia Ethnologica Pragensia by positing “kutilství” (a local variant of DIY) as a historically situated phenomenon and shows that despite a generally shared image of a late socialist, typically masculine handyman practice, “kutilství” has much deeper historical and cultural roots. The emergence of self-led manual activities as a response to the modernisation of society points to societal tensions that underpin “kutilství” (and DIY more broadly) since the beginning of the 20th century. The disciplination of independent production and consumption, which can be subsumed under the term “prosumption”, has played an important role in relation to the formation of both State and Market, especially the segment targeting DIYers. The authors elucidate how pondering “kutilství” and DIY in general can become a starting point for scholars to understand and challenge modernist dichotomies that are transcended in the practice of “kutilství” / DIY — dichotomies of work and leisure, market and non-market production as well as production and consumption, professionalization and amateurism, but also masculinity and femininity. The authors argue that situatedness of and hybridization enabled by “kutilství” should represent key axes of research of both “kutilství” and DIY and the theorization(s) derived from it.

5

Paradoxy úspěšné teorie : intersekcionalita mezi kritikou a stvrzováním hegemonie

86%

Kolářová K.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

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2018

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vol. 19

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issue 2

11-31

EN

This text traces the recent critical debates within intersectional theory. It foregrounds the critiques that point out the power dynamics underwriting the success of intersectional theory and it focuses on the critiques of the racialised dynamics in the current development of intersectional work and in the shift from the intersectional politics of ‘redress’ towards the agenda of inclusivity and diversity. The review of these lines of critique seeks to serve as a critical platform against which to contextualise the recently growing interest in intersectionality in the Czech Republic.

7

‘Going to the West Is My Last Chance to Get a Normal Life’: Bulgarian Would-Be Migrants’ Imaginings of Life in the UK

86%

Manolova P., Manolova P.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2019

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vol. 8

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issue 2

8

Autochtonizacja postsocjalistycznego miasta. Przykład Ułan Ude

86%

Szmyt Z.

Lud

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2014

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vol. 98

205-228

EN

A uniformed model of modern urban planning prevailed in Eastern Europe and Soviet Asia during the Soviet period. Looking at the city’s architecture it was difficult to recognize if it is Ukraine or a place close to the Chinese border. The collapse of the socialist system resulted in a process of demodernization in many of these cities and led to the erosion of social identities. The turn to indigenization was one of the responses to this crisis. In this article I analyze the process of symbolic ethnicization of a post-Soviet city using the example of Siberian Ulan-Ude, where the idea of a return to the mythical past is built over the ashes of utopian progress. The main questions are: 1. how does the city become indigenized? 2. how does this process influence the interethnic relations? 3. what is the relation between immigrants’ social strategies and ethnicity? Symbolic indigenization of the city determines the ambiguous status of Buryat rural immigrants: hosts on the one hand, and strangers on the other. The social marginalization of Russians with the simultaneous dominance of the Russian language and culture is an important aspect of indigenization. An exception to this rule applies only to Russian sourdoughs (starožily), who have managed to establish quasi-ethnic representations. While municipal authorities take care of historical monuments of the imperial period, they do not approve of new structures that could deny the indigenous image of the city. Along with the urbanization a significant part of ethnic culture has been reduced to a symbolic level, which is manifested in a new Buryat architectural style as well as in all the monuments referring to the nomadic history of the hosts.

9

Prawdziwa depresja i paternalizm kliniczny: etnografia realności diagnostycznej depresji w publicznej służbie zdrowia w Polsce

72%

Sokół G.

Lud

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2021

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vol. 105

114-142

EN

The article explores the cultural and economic dimensions in diagnosing depression in Polish psychiatric practice since the systemic transformation with a particular focus on strategies used by physicians. Based on ethnographic research in clinical settings, it discusses this issue in terms of realness and “realification” (urealnienie)– concepts referring to the relationship between categories of description and their objects. While the changes of diagnostic classifications since the 1990s had the explicit goal of tightening that relationship, in clinical practice it remains somewhat lose and unclear. What contributes to it is not just the specific ontology of mental disorders which is hard to reduce fully to objectively measurable symptoms, but several other factors: specific changes in the philosophy of diagnostic classifications and their complex nature as clinical, administrative and financial tools, as well as their referential nature, which connotes optimal, though unattainable, standards of care. It is also shaped by the pragmatics of clinical work and the patients’ limited resources, which render the diagnostics a tool of physicians’ “medical paternalism” – their informal, instrumental attempts to respond to the deficiencies of the system of care.

PL

Artykuł jest etnograficznym studium procesów diagnostycznych zaburzeń depresyjnych we współczesnej Polsce i ich zmian po transformacji ustrojowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem strategii podejmowanych przez lekarzy. Opierając się na badaniach etnograficznych prowadzonych w kontekstach klinicznych, artykuł omawia problem relacji między kategoriami diagnostycznymi a ich przedmiotami, odwołując się do pojęć realności i urealnienia. O ile zmiany klasyfikacji diagnostycznej od lat 90. XX wieku miały na celu zacieśnienie tej relacji, o tyle w praktyce klinicznej pozostaje ona luźna i nieoczywista. Przyczyniają się do tego nie tylko specyficzna ontologia zaburzeń psychicznych, którą trudno w pełni sprowadzić do obiektywnie wymierzalnych objawów, ale także kilka innych czynników: specyficzne zmiany w filozofii klasyfikacji diagnostycznych, wielowymiarowość diagnoz jako narzędzi klinicznych, administracyjnych i finansowych, oraz ich referencyjna natura, konotująca optymalne, choć nieosiągalne standardy opieki. Wpływa na to także pragmatyka pracy klinicznej i ograniczone zasoby samych pacjentów, które czynią z diagnoz narzędzie nieformalnych, instrumentalnych działań i „paternalizmu medycznego” lekarzy w odpowiedzi na braki w systemie opieki.

10

W poszukiwaniu Globalnego Wschodu: Myślenie między Północą a Południem. Tłum. Anna Piekarska

61%

Müller M., Piekarska A.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2020

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vol. 37

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issue 3

EN

Carving up the world into Global North and Global South has become an established way of thinking about global difference since the end of the Cold War. This binary, however, erases what this paper calls the Global East – those countries and societies that occupy an interstitial position between North and South. This paper problematises the geopolitics of knowledge that has resulted in the exclusion of the Global East, not just from the Global North and South, but from notions of globality in general. It argues that we need to adopt a strategic essentialism to recover the Global East for scholarship. To that end, it traces the global relations of IKEA’s bevelled drinking glass to demonstrate the urgency of rethinking the Global East at the heart of global connections, rather than separate from them. Thinking of such a Global East as a liminal space complicates the notions of North and South towards more inclusive but also more uncertain theorising.

PL

Od zakończenia zimnej wojny dzielenie świata na Globalną Północ i Globalne Południe stało się ogólnie przyjętym sposobem myślenia o globalnej różnicy. Ta opozycja binarna wymazuje jednak istnienie tego, co nazywam Globalnym Wschodem – krajów i społeczeństw, które zajmują pozycję pośrednią, pomiędzy Północą a Południem. Niniejszy artykuł problematyzuje geopolitykę wiedzy powstałą wskutek wykluczenia Globalnego Wschodu, nie tylko z Globalnej Północy i Południa, ale z koncepcji globalności w ogóle. Argumentuje, że w celu odzyskania Globalnego Wschodu dla nauki musimy wykorzystać stanowisko strategicznego esencjalizmu. Analizuje w tym kontekście globalne powiązania kryjące się za szklankami z fazowanego szkła z IKEI, by pokazać konieczność pomyślenia Globalnego Wschodu w sercu globalnych stosunków, a nie poza nimi. Myślenie o Globalnym Wschodzie jako przestrzeni liminalnej problematyzuje pojęcia Północy i Południa na rzecz bardziej inkluzywnego, ale również mniej dookreślonego myślenia teoretycznego.

11

“Cool XXL”: Slovak millennial films in the context of postsocialist sensibility (of Slovak cinema)

58%

Dudková J.

Literatura i Kultura Popularna

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2018

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vol. 24

67 - 81

EN

The article stems from social representations of coolness in Slovak cinema of the beginning of the new millenium and examines how these representations blur or deform the idea of continuities and discontinuities with regard to the sensibility of postsocialist Slovak cinema. The article points out the critical response of Slovak urban lifestyle films from the beginning of the new millenium and shows the transformation of its own idea of anaesthetical coolness into “festival” dramaturgy of the cycle of Slovak social dramas appearing after 2009.

12

Robotnicy i ludzie biznesu. Wzory karier zawodowych a zmiana społeczna w Polsce

51%

Domecka M., Mrozowicki A.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2008

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vol. 4

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issue 1

136-155

EN

The paper presents the results of a research on the occupational careers followed by workers and business people in the period of deep social change in Poland after 1989. The concepts of career, resources, and biographical work enabled the investigation of interaction between ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ aspects of occupational life. The application of grounded theory methodology for the analysis of over two hundred narrative interviews with contemporary Polish workers and business people enabled us to go beyond the analysis of individual cases and to reconstruct a typology of careers. The patterns of ‘anchor’, ‘patchwork’, and ‘construction’ go crosswise the divisions determined by the discourse of ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of system transformation, the organizational hierarchy and stratification. The pattern of construction career, long-term planned and most rewarded in the new reality, turns out to be hardly accessible for most of workers, small entrepreneurs and low-level managers. In consequence, the objective inequalities on the level of possessed resources are translated into biographical processes leading to the ‘naturalisation’ of chaotic patchwork career and the ‘work on position’ within a career well anchored in one company.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań nad wzorami karier zawodowych podejmowanych przez robotników i ludzi biznesu w okresie głębokiej zmiany społecznej w Polsce po 1989 roku. Pojęcia kariery, zasobów i pracy biograficznej umożliwiły zbadanie interakcji "obiektywnych" i "subiektywnych" aspektów życia zawodowego. Zastosowanie metodologii teorii ugruntowanej do analizy ponad dwustu wywiadów narracyjnych ze współczesnymi polskimi robotnikami i ludźmi biznesu pozwoliło na wykroczenie poza analizę indywidualnych przypadków i rekonstrukcję typologii karier. Wyróżnione wzory "kotwicy", "patchworku" i "konstrukcji" idą w poprzek podziałów wyznaczonych przez dyskurs "wygranych" i "przegranych" transformacji, hierarchię organizacyjną oraz stratyfikację. Najbardziej nagradzany w nowej rzeczywistości wzór wielotorowej i długofalowo planowanej kariery-konstrukcji okazuje się jednak trudno dostępny dla większości robotników, drobnych przedsiębiorców i niższej kadry menedżerskiej. W efekcie, obiektywne nierówności na poziomie posiadanych zasobów przekładają się na procesy biograficzne prowadząc do "naturalizacji" chaotycznej kariery-patchwork oraz "pracy na pozycję" w obrębie kariery długofalowo zakotwiczonej w jednej firmie.

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Who are “the expanded doctors”? The ethnography of professional self-identifications in Polish primary care

Corruption and anti-corruption local discourses and international practices in post-socialist Romania

Academia without contention? : The legacy of Czechoslovak ethnography and folklore studies in Czech anthropology

Kutilství mezi státním socialismem a globálním kapitalismem. Nové perspektivy zkoumání svépomoci a prozumu

Popular Religion and Postsocialist Nostalgia Lichen´ as a Polysemic Pilgrimage Centre in Poland

Paradoxy úspěšné teorie : intersekcionalita mezi kritikou a stvrzováním hegemonie

‘Going to the West Is My Last Chance to Get a Normal Life’: Bulgarian Would-Be Migrants’ Imaginings of Life in the UK

Autochtonizacja postsocjalistycznego miasta. Przykład Ułan Ude

Prawdziwa depresja i paternalizm kliniczny: etnografia realności diagnostycznej depresji w publicznej służbie zdrowia w Polsce

W poszukiwaniu Globalnego Wschodu: Myślenie między Północą a Południem. Tłum. Anna Piekarska

“Cool XXL”: Slovak millennial films in the context of postsocialist sensibility (of Slovak cinema)

Robotnicy i ludzie biznesu. Wzory karier zawodowych a zmiana społeczna w Polsce