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Siła współczesnych państw. Ujęcie teoretyczne

100%
Łoś R.
Przegląd Politologiczny
|
2018
|
issue 2
31-44
EN
The issue of the power of contemporary states has not lost its significance, which can be seen in various theories of international relations. It remains valid despite the changes in the international system and different perception of states’ power. The changes in the international system have made soft power as important as the military or economic power of a state. It is also important to consider the source of power, embodied in a well-functioning state or a will of the community to accomplish its goals. The assessment of the power of contemporary states should also take into account the international system, which greatly influences which elements of power are more, and which are less important in a given situation. It has to be recognized that the power of the state is a complex outcome of military, economic and soft factors. However, external, systemic factors that ultimately determine the power of the state should also be taken into account. Several research methods have been used in researching the power of the state. One is the method of systemic analysis, which is particularly important in power studies as it determines where power is located on different levels of the international system. The statistical methods that take into account both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenomena studied are important, especially in the field of power. The comparative method (analogy) is also used, as it allows similarities and differences between processes and phenomena to be detected.
PL
Potęga państw współczesnych nie straciła na aktualności. Można to zaobserwować w ujęciu przedstawicieli różnych teorii stosunków międzynarodowych. Dzieje się tak pomimo zmian w systemie międzynarodowym i innym spojrzeniu na zakres siły państw. Zmiany w systemie spowodowały, iż obok tak oczywistych wyznaczników siły państwa, jak wojskowych czy ekonomicznych należy również uwzględnić inne, definiowane poprzez soft power. Należy uwzględnić również mechanizm uruchamiania siły w postaci sprawnie działającego państwa czy woli wspólnoty do realizacji celów. W ocenie współczesnej potęgi należy również uwzględnić aspekt systemu międzynarodowego, który w dużym stopniu wpływa jakie elementy siły są ważne, a jakie mniej istotne w danej sytuacji. Uwzględniając powyższe uwarunkowania, ważne jest przyjęcie, że siła państwa jest zespolonym wynikiem wojskowych, ekonomicznych i miękkich czynników. Należy jednak uwzględnić czynniki zewnętrzne, systemowe, które ostatecznie określają siłę państwa. W badaniach nad problematyką siły państwa wykorzystano kilka metod badawczych. Analiza systemową, której wartość w badaniach siły jest szczególnie ważna z uwagi na konieczność określenia jej miejsca w systemie międzynarodowym na jego różnych poziomach. Ważne, szczególnie w zakresie potęgometrii są metody statystyczne, które uwzględniają zarówno stronę ilościową, jak i jakościową badanych zjawisk. W badaniach nad potęgą zastosowanie ma również metoda porównawcza (analogia) zwana też komparatywną, z uwagi na możliwości wykrycia podobieństw oraz różnic między procesami i zjawiskami.
2
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A Comparative Analysis of the Power of Selected European Countries. The Economic Determinants

94%
Paluch A., Spustek H.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2021
|
vol. 37(37)
22-42
EN
The ever-increasing need for in-depth analysis and quantification of the national power, in particular ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power-generating factors as well as difficulties in identifying a comprehensive and effective method for scientific determination of the national power, have given rise to research in the indicated scientific issues within this article. The presented considerations aim to define the assumptions for a descriptive sub-model that would enable a comparison of Poland’s power in the economic sphere (which is a component of the non-military sphere) with the power of selected European countries. The research hypothesis is that, among the variety of descriptive variables in the economic sphere of the national power, there is a subset of mutually independent variables, at the same time strongly correlated with the national power, which make it possible to define assumptions for the sub-model of the national power. The steps of the research procedure were carried out using the method of system analysis (multi-criteria comparative analysis) and statistical analysis. The research activities undertaken have shown that the factors that are strongly correlated with the national power in the economic area of the European countries adopted for the analysis are: dynamics of industrial production, private sector credit flows and economic freedom index. The comparative analysis carried out demonstrates that the greatest increase in the economic power in the analysed period took place in Germany (0.68). Slightly smaller growth was recorded in the Czech Republic (0.62) and Poland (0.60), while the lowest value of increase was in Romania (0.23). The conducted qualitative comparative analysis of the economic power of selected European countries allowed to conclude that the independent variables identified are crucial for the formation of the economic power of the analysed countries. At the same time, a fairly strong position of the Czech Republic and Poland in relation to the economic power of Germany was found. The performed quantification of the economic power of the European countries provides a basis for the correct determination of changes in the power distribution of political units, assessment of the power and resources held by the state.
3
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Unia Europejska między Brexitem a nowym Traktatem Elizejskim

71%
Kuźniar A., Menkes J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2020
|
issue 1 (374)
41-54
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of the new Élysée Treaty in correlation with Brexit. We formulate the thesis that Brexit in conjunction with the new Élysée Treaty sets out a new formula for institutional European integration – the construction of a unipolar system with France-Germany as a pole. The research is interdisciplinary – economic and legal. The results of the study allow to recognize that 1) deepened German-French cooperation creates a new actor in regional and global relations; 2) the Treaty based (French-German) duumvirate changes the EU system; 3) Brexit has destroyed the balance of power in the EU, as well as deprived the union of the benefits of triangulation of the bloc of the three largest EU Member States.
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