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EN
Before the First World War, Sieradz District was a part of Kalisz Gubernya, and formed the western boundary of Łódź industrial region. Its peripheral location both within the gubernya and in relation to Łódź industrial region, as well as the fact that it was rather late in obtaining rail connections with other parts of the country, consolidated the agricultural character of this district. In 1911 there were 131 private landed estates above 50 ha each. Not all of them were fully owned by their landlords – many were encumbered by debts. According to rough estimates, the landlords formed a group constituting about 0.5% of the district’s population. The majority of the estates (55.7) were medium-sized, with areas between 101–500 ha; 24.4% of the estates were large, from 501 ha to 1000 ha, 13% were small estates up to 100 ha, and only 6.9% had areas between 1000 ha and 2000 ha.
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EN
The development of settlement in Poland between the 10th and 20th centuries involved gradual decrease of woodland as a result of its being turned into pastures and meadows. Changes in agriculture, population growth, and development of commerce, crafts and industry were factors which contributed to growing demand for wood as fuel and building material. In the mid-19th century forests took up 29.3% of Sieradz district’s area (as of that time). As regards the ownership structure, 88% was privately owned, the rest being governmental or municipal property. In the mid-19th century Szadek was surrounded by several forests, including the municipal forest (808.6 ha), baron von Leszern’s forest (242 ha) and private forests in Wola Przatowska (71.5 ha), Rzepiszew (774,4 ha), Willamów (438.9 ha), Wola Krokocka (304.7 ha), Prusinowice (1606 ha) and the largest complex in Wojsławice (9163 ha).
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie przemian struktury własnościowej i funkcjonalnej założeń dworskich i pałacowych zlokalizowanych na terenie powiatu sieradzkiego. Na potrzeby pracy przyjęto, iż badaniem objęty zostanie powiat sieradzki wraz z 35 miejscowościami, w których zlokalizowane są dwory i pałace. Badania w mikroskali umożliwiają dokładniejszą analizę danego zagadnienia, pozwalają na zebranie szczegółowych i kompletnych danych zarówno obiektywnych (karta inwentaryzacyjna), jak i subiektywnych (ocena stanu technicznego). Zadaniem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wartość dworów i pałaców znajdujących się w obrębie powiatu sieradzkiego, gdyż niewłaściwe ich użytkowanie spowodowało ogromne straty dla dziedzictwa kulturowego regionu. Brakuje nie tylko w powiecie sieradzkim, ale i w całej Polsce świadomości o wartości krajobrazu kulturowego i potrzebie jego utrzymania. Brakuje również środków finansowych na ich utrzymanie, właściwych przepisów prawnych oraz respektowania już istniejących. W obliczu zachodzących przemian funkcjonalnych, niech będzie również ostrzeżeniem przed zagrożeniami i apelem o podjęcie wszystkich możliwych działań ochronnych, dopóki jest jeszcze co chronić.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present changes in ownership structure and functional assumptions of mansions and palaces located in the district of Sieradz. For the purpose of the work it was assumed that the study will be carried out in district of Sieradz with 35 villages in which are located mansions and palaces. Research in microscale allow more accurate analysis of the issues, permit in gathering detailed and complete data, both objective (inventory card) and subjective (evaluation of the technical condition). The task of this article is to draw attention to the value of mansions and palaces located within the district of Sieradz, because improper use of them resulted in huge losses for the cultural heritage of the region. Not only in the district of Sieradz but throughout Poland lacking awareness about value of the cultural landscape and the need to its maintenance. There is also no financial resources for their maintenance, the relevant legal provisions and respect for existing ones. In the face of occurring changes functional, let there be also a warning before the risks and appeal to take all possible protective measures until is what to protect.
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