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EN
In the spring of 1940, the Germans started to establish network of labour camps in the administrative district Zamość and Biłgoraj. At that time, they operated within the so-called Plan Otto: the goal of the Plan was building an antitank trench at the demarcation line with the Soviet Union. The camps were set up in the villages of Bełżec, Cieszanów, Dzików, Lipsko and Płazów. Bełżec became the main camp in the mid-August of 1941. There was loca-ted the Central Camps’ Council, which was an aid institution for Jewish workers. Also the Jewish Council in Lublin and few Jewish Council from other places tried to take care of Jewish workers there. The life conditions in the camps, heavy physical work, sadism of German crew and insufficient food supply resulted in epidemics of typhus and dysentery. The result of that was, among others, serious number of deaths. The camps within the Otto Plan operated until autumn 1940.
PL
Wiosną 1940 r. Niemcy rozpoczęli tworzenie sieci obozów pracy na terenie powiatu zamojskiego i biłgorajskiego. W tym czasie działały one w ramach tzw. planu „Otto”, którego celem była budowa rowu przeciwczołgowego na linii demarkacyjnej ze Związkiem Radzieckim. Obozy powstały w miejscowościach Bełżec, Cieszanów, Dzików, Lipsko i Płazów. Bełżec stał się głównym obozem w połowie sierpnia 1941 roku. Mieściła się tam Centralna Rada Obozowa, która była instytucją pomocową dla robotników żydowskich. Również Rada Żydowska w Lublinie oraz nieliczne Rady Żydowskie z innych miejscowości starały się otoczyć opieką robotników żydowskich. Warunki życia w obozach, ciężka praca fizyczna, sadyzm załogi niemieckiej i niedostateczne wyżywienie powodowały epidemie tyfusu i czerwonki. Skutkiem tego była m.in. duża liczba zgonów. Obozy w ramach planu „Otto” funkcjonowały do jesieni 1940 roku.
EN
The article is an attempt at determining the actual casualties of the Ukrainian population in the occupational Lublin District between 1939 and 1944. As a result of the research to date, which is still continued, the search reached for previously unused sources, e.g. archival materials dating from the war, memoirs or press. As a result, the data concerning Ukrainian population: the number of killed, wounded and arrested divided according to specific poviats, years and months as well as perpetrators, has been made more precise. The results thus obtained contradict the thesis about mass murders in the Lublin region in 1942, which supposedly preceded the purge against the Polish that the OUN-B initiated in Volhynia in 1943, which is a statement popular in Ukrainian historiography. On the other hand, the data prove that the operations carried out by the Polish underground in the spring of 1944 (the so-called Hrubieszów Revolution) were much more brutal and led to many more casualties among the civilian population than the Polish historiography had previously stated.
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