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EN
The subject of the article is literature of retribution written between the years 1946-1948. The post-war literary criticism accused the characters – the intellectuals of passivity, self-centeredness and reserve towards contemporary socio-political transformations. The only issue seen by the critics was the attempt to establish the role of the Intelligentsia in the time of a historic breakthrough. With the use of the melancholic perspective I showed a new dimension of the intellectuals’ passivity and I have proven that the outer immobility does not have to go with the inner stagnation. The characters’ torpor became a condition necessary for their intellectual and emotional activity, which manifested itself through a conscious gesture of resistance against the soulless machinery of History, which threatened an individual.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest proza rozrachunków inteligenckich, powstająca w latach 1946-1948. Powojenna krytyka literacka zarzucała bohaterom – inteligentom bierność, egocentryzm i rezerwę wobec współczesnych przemian społeczno-politycznych. Dostrzegała w powieściach jedynie próbę określenia roli inteligencji w warunkach historycznego przełomu. Za pomocą melancholijnej perspektywy pokazałam nowy wymiar bierności omawianych inteligentów – udowodniłam, że zewnętrzna nieruchomość nie musi być tożsama z wewnętrzną stagnacją. Marazm bohaterów stał się koniecznym warunkiem ich intelektualnej i emocjonalnej aktywności, przejawiającej się w świadomym geście oporu przeciw zagrażającej jednostce, bezdusznej machinie Historii.
EN
The article deals with the so-called “literature of retribution”, produced between 1946–1948. Postwar literary criticism accused intellectual characters of passivity, self-centeredness and reserve towards contemporary socio-political transformations. The only issue perceived by critics was the attempt to establish the role of the intelligentsia in times of historic breakthrough. My article shows that this way of interpreting the literature of retribution is insufficient. It becomes obvious that the interpretative key used by the literary critics of the 1940s was Marxist ideology, and that their conclusions narrow the scope of the issues touched upon in these novels. These literary works do not only relate the experiences of one social class – they deal with universal issues, those connected with human existence in general and the relationship between the individual, society and the world. The category I use to extract the universal issues from the literary works analysed here is melancholy. The use of the melancholic perspective enriched the traditional interpretation of the “literature of retribution” by lending it a new context and allowing the rehabilitation of the intellectuals it portrayed.
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