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The Seizure of the Throne by Demetrius I Soter (1 Macc 7:1-4). Theological Interpretation of a Historical Event

100%
Nawrot J.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2021
|
issue 40
7-32
PL
Prezentowana perykopa biblijna 1 Mch 7,1-4 opisuje wydarzenie, które miało miejsce daleko poza zasięgiem działań powstańców machabejskich. Jest jednak ściśle związana z historią narodu wybranego i w istotny sposób wpływa na ewolucję sytuacji polityczno-religijnej Żydów w tym okresie. Szczególnie warta analizy jest adekwatność prezentowanych faktów historycznych oraz teologiczne spojrzenie na nie, którym autor nadaje pierwszorzędne znaczenie. Temu właśnie poświęcony jest niniejszy artykuł zestawiający dane historyków starożytnych z relacją biblijną. W ten sposób historia narodów i królestw ukazana jest jako część wielkiego planu Bożego realizującego się nawet nieświadomie poprzez działanie uczestników toczących się wydarzeń. Taka prezentacja dotyczy bohaterów zarówno głównych, jak i drugoplanowych. Krótki fragment 1 Mch 7,1-4 pokazuje, jak hagiograf świadomie uwypukla pewne fakty, dobiera odpowiednią składnię i słownictwo, aby ukazać działanie Boga. Wprawdzie stoi On za zasłoną ludzkich działań, ale właśnie On decyduje ostatecznie o ich przebiegu.
EN
The presented biblical material (1 Macc 7:1-4) is one of those texts that describe an event happening far away from the scope of influence exerted by the Maccabean insurgents, yet one which is closely connected with the history of the chosen people. As such, it substantially influences the successive events in the political-religious situation of the Jews. What is particularly worthy of analysis is the historical accuracy of the inspired author in presenting facts as well as the theological conception to which primary importance is given in the book. This way the history of peoples, kingdoms and societies is shown as part of God’s magnificent plans which is implemented by all participants of ongoing scenes. Such a presentation concerns both the main and supporting protagonists. The short passage of 1 Macc 7:1-4 reveals how the hagiographer, who knows the theological conception, consciously accentuates certain parts, chooses appropriate syntax and vocabularyto show God’s action in the presented characters and events. God stands behind the curtain of human actions, yet it is Him who decides about their course.
2
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Teologiczna ocena prośby o obcą interwencję przeciw rodakom w 1 Mch 6,21-27

80%
Nawrot J.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2017
|
issue 31
7-30
EN
The passage 1 Macc 6: 21-27 contains no less than a request of renegades from the Jewishcommunity for military intervention of the Seleucid troops in Judea. This request serves to endthe Maccabean Revolt and continue with the policy of transforming Israel into a region completelysubmitted to the central royal authority. As such, and from a theological point of view, therenegades’ request receives a completely negative evaluation from the inspired author. The question why the citadel’s besieged defenders even manage to escape and do it successfully is given here much thought. If God is in one way or another the foundation and cause of all human activity in the theology of the Old Testament, then the successful escape could be evaluated as God’s objection to the arbitrary actions taken by Judas, who becomes too intoxicated with his previous achievements. The siege of the citadel might be perceived as the insurgents’ insubordination to God’s will and consequently a beginning of His withdrawal from supporting the rebels, which ultimately ends in their defeat in the soon-to-come Battle of Elasa.
PL
The passage 1 Macc 6: 21-27 contains no less than a request of renegades from the Jewishcommunity for military intervention of the Seleucid troops in Judea. This request serves to endthe Maccabean Revolt and continue with the policy of transforming Israel into a region completely submitted to the central royal authority. As such, and from a theological point of view, the renegades’ request receives a completely negative evaluation from the inspired author. The question why the citadel’s besieged defenders even manage to escape and do it successfully is given here much thought. If God is in one way or another the foundation and cause of all human activity in the theology of the Old Testament, then the successful escape could be evaluated as God’s objection to the arbitrary actions taken by Judas, who becomes too intoxicated with his previous achievements. The siege of the citadel might be perceived as the insurgents’ insubordination to God’s will and consequently a beginning of His withdrawal from supporting the rebels, which ultimately ends in their defeat in the soon-to-come Battle of Elasa.
3
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Aluzje literackie w teologicznej ocenie działań arcykapłana Szymona w 1 Mch 14,5

80%
Nawrot J.
|
2021
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vol. 11
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issue 1
5-23
EN
Each biblical book reveals its theological message in a very diverse literary way. The analyzed verse of 1 Macc 14:5, similarly to the other verses of the book, was written in the form of a cento, a well-known literary genre used in antiquity. This cento combines expressions in the verses of the earlier Old Testament books and builds its own theological message. Thus an intertextual allusion is built upon the complete textual con­formity of the verses from 1 Macc and the cited expressions. The literary context is cru­cial for the choice of the allusion. This context influences the carrying theological capacity of the verses and what they bring in the construction of a new message. The allusions reveal the actual meaning of the described events in a theological context. The revelation of the hagiographer’s intention enables the reader to accurately evaluate the conduct of particular characters, in this case Simon Maccabaeus, the high priest of Jews in the times of the Maccabean revolt.  
PL
Każda z ksiąg biblijnych odsłania swe orędzie teologiczne w bardzo zróżnicowany sposób literacki. W analizowanym wersecie 1 Mch 14,5 – jak i wszystkich pozostałych w księdze – zastosowany został centon, znany i praktykowany w starożytności gatunek literacki. Łączy w sobie poszczególne sformułowania wersetów wcześniejszych ksiąg starotestamentowych budując własne przesłanie teologiczne. W ten sposób powstaje aluzja intertekstualna, której fundamentem jest całkowita zgodność treściowa wersetów 1 Mch z przywoływanymi zwrotami. Zasadnicze znaczenie posiada literacki kontekst decydujący o doborze aluzji. On bowiem wpływa na teologiczną nośność samych wersetów i to, co proponują one ze swej treści dla skonstruowania nowego orędzia. Aluzje odsłaniają rzeczywisty sens opisywanych wydarzeń w kontekście teologicznym. Odkrycie właściwej intencji hagiografa pozwala czytelnikowi poprawnie ocenić postępowanie poszczególnych bohaterów, w tym przypadku Szymona Machabeusza, arcykapłana Żydów z okresu powstania machabejskiego.
4
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Teologiczna symbolika wybranych postaci historii Izraela w mowie Matatiasza (1 Mch 2,51-61)

61%
Nawrot J.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
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2015
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issue 29
117-138
EN
The core of Mattathias’ deathbed speech addressed to his sons and all the participants of the Maccabaean rising (1 Macc 2:51-61) is the command to be faithful to the law and the covenant as  a foundation of patriotism as it was then understood – love of one’s homeland and defense of traditions that constituted the identity of the people who inhabited it. The biblical author recalls the major figures in the history of Israel to show the struggle of the insurgents as a continuation of    the history created by the heroes of the past. The object of the article is to present the theology      of those particular figures from the history of Israel in the context of the then ongoing events whereby they became models to follow and a source of perseverance in the undertaken struggle against the pagan invaders from the Seleucid empire.
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