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PL
W katolickiej nauce społecznej naród jest ujmowany jako społeczność ludzka połączona więzią kulturową. Charakter tej więzi czyni z narodu wspólnotę duchową. Treścią tak rozumianej więzi jest wzajemna miłość członków wspólnoty narodowej. Istnienie narodu postrzegane jest jako zjawisko naturalne, co więcej, konieczne z prawa natury. Bez narodu nie jest bowiem możliwy duchowy rozwój człowieka. Naród jako wspólnota osób jest podmiotem określonego zachowania i działania. Podmiotowość narodu stanowi podstawę jego praw. Katolicka nauka społeczna wskazuje na obowiązek patriotyzmu, który stanowi wyraz sprawiedliwości i miłości, odrzuca natomiast nacjonalizm, ponieważ niejednokrotnie oznacza on kult własnego narodu oraz nakazuje pogardę dla innych narodów i kultur.
EN
In catholic social teaching the nation is recognized as a community in which its members share a cultural bond. The nature of this relationship makes the nation spiritual community. The relationship between members of nation rely on their mutual love. That bond bases mainly on the ethos which is a part of the national culture. In addition an essential element of national culture is also a history of the nation. In catholic social teaching the existence of the nation is seen as a natural phenomenon, moreover, it is necessary because the spiritual development of man is impossible beyond the nation. The importance of culture in the life of the nation is reflected in the fact that it allows the expression and strengthening of its spiritual “sovereignty”. In addition, the culture allows the nation to survive despite the loss of political and economic independence. The nation as a community of people is the subject of a specific behavior and actions. The subjectivity of the nation is the basis of its rights (e.g. right to exist, to their own language and culture, to shape their lives according to their own traditions). Catholic social teaching indicates the obligation of patriotism, which is an expression of justice, because everyone owes a lot to own nation. Patriotism can be seen also as a manifestation of social charity, which relies on the common realization of shared values. Catholic social teaching rejects nationalism because it often takes the form of worship of own nation and orders contempt of other nations and cultures. In catholic social teaching the nation is recognized as a community in which its members share a cultural bond. The nature of this relationship makes the nation spiritual community. The relationship between members of nation rely on their mutual love. That bond bases mainly on the ethos which is a part of the national culture. In addition an essential element of national culture is also a history of the nation. In catholic social teaching the existence of the nation is seen as a natural phenomenon, moreover, it is necessary because the spiritual development of man is impossible beyond the nation. The importance of culture in the life of the nation is reflected in the fact that it allows the expression and strengthening of its spiritual “sovereignty”. In addition, the culture allows the nation to survive despite the loss of political and economic independence. The nation as a community of people is the subject of a specific behavior and actions. The subjectivity of the nation is the basis of its rights (e.g. right to exist, to their own language and culture, to shape their lives according to their own traditions). Catholic social teaching indicates the obligation of patriotism, which is an expression of justice, because everyone owes a lot to own nation. Patriotism can be seen also as a manifestation of social charity, which relies on the common realization of shared values. Catholic social teaching rejects nationalism because it often takes the form of worship of own nation and orders contempt of other nations and cultures.
EN
In the context of the canonization of John Paul II, the author reflects on his experience of the concentration camp at Auschwitz. It is a difficult experience, therefore it can more reveal the Pope as a man and a pastor, his way of thinking and perceiving reality. Through canonization this way is indicated to us as a pattern. John Paul came often to Auschwitz, where he saw the place of denial of God and man, but also a place of victory of man over contempt, hatred and death through faith in God, which generates love for Him and for man. The symbol of such a victory is St. Maximilian Maria Kolbe, martyr of love that as Christ gave his life for the fellow prisoner Francis Gajowniczek. In this heroic deed – in the opinion of the Pope – Christ himself was present, so the camp at Auschwitz is not only hell on earth, but also the Golgotha of our times, the cemetery of the martyrs, the sanctuary of the patron of difficult century. Pope John Paul II arrived there to pray and make a reflection on the contemporary man’s condition, who in Christ the Redeemer can still conquer evil with good and to build the peace based on respect for the rights of person and nations.
PL
W kontekście kanonizacji Jana Pawła II autor podejmuje refleksję nad jego doświadczeniem obozu koncentracyjnego w Auschwitz. Jest to doświadczenie trudne, dlatego może bardziej odsłonić papieża jako człowieka i duszpasterza, jego sposób myślenia i odbierania rzeczywistości. Poprzez kanonizację sposób ten zostaje nam wskazany jako wzorzec. Jan Paweł II pielgrzymował często do obozu w Auschwitz, w którym widział miejsce negacji Boga i człowieka, ale także miejsce zwycięstwa człowieka nad pogardą, nienawiścią i śmiercią dzięki wierze w Boga, z której czerpał miłość do Niego i do człowieka. Symbolem takiego zwycięstwa jest św. Maksymilian Maria Kolbe, męczennik miłości, który jak Chrystus oddał życie za współwięźnia Franciszka Gajowniczka. W tym heroicznym geście – zdaniem Papieża – był obecny sam Chrystus, dlatego obóz w Auschwitz to nie tylko piekło na ziemi, ale również Golgota naszych czasów, cmentarz męczenników, sanktuarium patrona trudnego stulecia. Jan Paweł II przybywał tam, aby się modlić i podejmować refleksję nad kondycją współczesnego człowieka, który w Chrystusie Odkupicielu może wciąż zło dobrem zwyciężać i budować pokój oparty na poszanowaniu praw osoby i narodów.
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