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Der Abstieg des Geistes ins Herz: Das Gebet des Herzens in der östlichen christlichen Tradition. Eine Einführung

100%

Iloaie S.

Forum Teologiczne

2013

vol. 14

103-110

In Eastern Christianity, and starting from the Gospel words “pray without ceasing”, the monks have developed almost from the beginning the so-called “prayer of heart” or “Jesus prayer”. In time, this prayer had many versions, all of them very short ones. Today, the most renowned version is found in the formula: “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the sinner”. In our world, in which the contribution of reason to the development of “man” and humanity is more and more asserted, even to the extent of separating reason from sentiment, the prayer of the heart is advising us to give up the apparent superiority of reason and to censor our thoughts and experiences, filtering them through the heart. It is not the heart which finds its rest into the mind, but rather the mind finds its rest in the heart – into the depth of the heart closely united with the depth of God, the “object” of its search. The mind descended in the heart does not encounter God any more through ideas, but through the experience of His presence, which allows it to verify in reality what the mind thinks. This means that reason cannot comprehend God in the way the heart can, that – for the relationship of man with God – the heart is for the mind a kind of sense organ necessary for accomplishing equilibrium. Contemporary man is very anxious about the rational understanding of God, of the world and of himself. The prayer of the heart offers to this man the rediscovery of a forgotten relationship, that between mind and heart, in order that within the conscience of man, within his daily existence and within the world may exist more peacefully, harmoniously and with fulfillment – more divine presence.

Naturalne metody stymulacji doświadczenia ekstazy w praktykach prawosławnych hezychastów

37%

Przybył-Sadowska E.

Studia Religiologica

2011

vol. 44

121-133

This article is an attempt to analyse the Orthodox monastic tradition of contemplative (hesychastic) prayer, the goal of which was to achieve an ecstatic unification with God and the divinisation (theosis) of human nature. Until the 11th century the practice of this kind of prayer was passed on orally, preserving the spiritual father-disciple relation. However, some of its elements can be found in the writings of some of the Fathers of the Church – e.g. Athanasius of Alexandria, the Cappadocian Fathers – Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus – as well as in the works of Evagrius of Pontus and John Climacus. The continuation of this tradition includes the works of the leading Byzantine theologist of the 11th century St Symeon the New Theologian (949-1022). However, it was not until the 14th century, as a result of the dispute caused by the statements of the Byzantine monk Barlaam of Calabria, that there was a systematic approach to hesychasm in Byzantine writings. In response, St Gregory Palamas (1296-1359), based on the book of the fathers of the Church, systematically described the doctrine of hesychasm in three treatises (triads) entitled In Defence of the Holy Hesychasts, and written in the years 1338-1341. This doctrine, sometimes known as palamism after St Gregory Palamas, was recognised as an authentic expression of Orthodox faith at the council in Constantinople in 1351. The article analyses the most important elements of the hesychastic method and descriptions of the visions experienced during the practice of it.

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Der Abstieg des Geistes ins Herz: Das Gebet des Herzens in der östlichen christlichen Tradition. Eine Einführung

Naturalne metody stymulacji doświadczenia ekstazy w praktykach prawosławnych hezychastów