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1

Sprawozdanie z ratowniczych badań wykopaliskowych w Krzepicach, stanowisko 18, gm. loco, woj. śląskie

100%

Chwałek S.

Raport

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2013

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vol. 8

503-512

EN

In 2008, rescue archaeological excavations were carried out in Krzepice at site 18 (AZP 83-45/40), loco commune, Kłobuck county, śląskie voivodeship. The site was located on the route of the planned Krzepice bypass. The investigations embraced an area of 50 ares and recorded 99 archaeological features. In total, 455 artefacts were acquired, which were gathered from the site surface (244) and upon site exploration (211). Ceramics prevailed among the artefacts with 419 found fragments. A vast majority – as much as 90% – of the fragments of clayware was dated to the Middle Ages. The survey led to the discovery of the relics of settlement from the Bronze Age, from the pre-Roman/Roman influence period, and, above all, from the Early and Late Middle Ages, as well as from the early modern period.

2

Wooden artefacts from site no. 2 in Modlniczka, dist. Cracow

100%

Byrska-Fudali M., Przybyła M.

Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

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2015

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vol. 7

61-76

EN

The excavations conducted at the Przeworsk culture settlement in Modlniczka, site no. 2, have provided an exceptional series of wooden artefacts, numbering in total 396 specimens. The marshy soil of the Wedonka river paleochannel is responsible for the good state of preservation of the wood, due to which a significant number of relics of wooden constructions were discovered Numerous posts were recorded, being remnants of constructions of pier type, a hut with a fragment of a ridge beam and relics of plaited walls, rectangular platforms made of beams and branches associated with an offering hole and, finally, two wells. The most common wooden artefacts are represented by construction elements of various sorts, such as: fragments of trunks or branches bearing traces of cutting or chipping, beams, pickets, laths. The most interesting, although scarce, were fragments of wooden portable objects. Amongst them, one should name: wooden swords for flax beating, a club, hooks, wooden pivots, a spoke, hexagonal boards, a beam and a lath with holes, an arch-shaped haft, a bowl, a semi-finished kneading-trough and a fragment of a spear shaft. As indicated by dendrochronological dating obtained for part of the wooden artefacts, they should be dated to the younger pre-Roman period (the 2nd–1st century BC).

PL

Badania prowadzone na osadzie kultury przeworskiej w Modlniczce st. 2 dostarczyły wyjątkowej serii wyrobów drewnianych, liczących 396 zabytków. Podmokłe podłoże starorzecza rzeki Wedonki przyczyniło się do dobrego stanu zachowania drewna, dzięki czemu odkryto szereg pozostałości konstrukcji drewnianych. Uchwycono liczne słupy, będące pozostałościami po konstrukcjach w typie pomostów, chatę z fragmentem sochy i resztkami ściany plecionkowej, prostokątne platformy z belek i gałęzi, towarzyszące jamie ofiarnej oraz 2 studnie. Najliczniejsze zabytki drewniane to różnego rodzaju elementy budowlane: fragmenty pni lub gałęzi z śladami cięcia lub strugania, belki, paliki, dranice. Najciekawsze, choć nieliczne, są drewniane fragmenty przedmiotów. Wśród nich warto wymienić: drewniane miecze do rozbijania lnu, pałkę, haki, czopy drewniane, szprychę koła, sześciokątne płyty, belkę i dranicę z otworami, łukowato ukształtowaną rękojeść, misę, półwytwór dzieży oraz fragment drzewca włóczni.

3

New considerations about meaning of the form and the conventional symbols found on monetary signs (6th-5th centuries BC)

84%

Talmaţchi G. M.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2015

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vol. 61

23-36

EN

One of the main questions to be put to the evidence is what is the connection between the shape of monetary signs in use and everyday reality in the sixth and fifth centuries BC. Also, if they were commercial items, what was their significance, because they don’t fully express the function of currency? Were they made in the shape of arrowheads without ultimately symbolizing anything of the purpose for which they were created? In fact, ‘arrowhead’ monetary signs represent measurable symbols, used in real trade transactions as a ‘standard’ in certain regions. They were established to act as a counterpart for quantities of goods, which were at the time in question grain and fish products. These two commodities seem to be the most sought after by the local population of Greek origin population. These monetary signs could represent, after a primary connection had been established by spindle-shaped arrowheads, through other stages too throughout the second half of the 6th century BC, evolve into other shapes, in the classic cases representations in the shape of cereal grain, or marine fish respectively. Our opinion is that the interpretation of these signs must have been unequivocal for the population of 6th and 5th centuries BC, or, more precisely the interpretation of their significance and destination. Here we are not referring to real arrowheads used in battle. In casting these monetary signs items the elements which were selected for local exchange were depicted in a selected shape. This means that the simplest one, an arrowhead, represents this symbolically, it is not a real weapon. They represent instead the exchange items for which they were created: cereals-wheat ears or wheat and barley grains, fishery products etc. These new considerations were suggested to us by the study of the monetary symbolism throughout the Greek world. Special attention has been given to the presence, on some of the “arrowhead” monetary signs of the first type (especially the cast monetary signs), of a series of symbols that could be linked, it is assumed, to some monetary workshops of the West-Pontic colonies. They appear chiefly, if not in their entirety, on the “arrowhead” signs in the shape of a laurel leaf, with elongated form with a prominence of central rib and edge.

PL

Celem prezentowanych studiów jest rozważenie związku kształtu monetopodobnych form pieniądza charakterystycznych dla zachodniego i północnego wybrzeża Morza Czarnego z wytworami codziennego użytku. Uwagi odnoszą się do świata greckiego VI i V w. p.n.e. Pieniądz ten był środkiem płatniczym używanym w handlu, chociaż wydaje się, że nie w pełni oddawał on funkcje pieniądza monetarnego. Pieniądze w kształcie grotów strzał nie muszą symbolizować celu militarnego, dla którego pierwotnie zostały stworzone. W rzeczywistości znaki pieniężne w formie grotów strzał to możliwy do policzenia środek pieniężny używany w gospodarce, przede wszystkim w handlu, przy zastosowaniu rozmaitych „standardów” regionalnych. Zostały one wykreowane jako równoważniki dóbr, w tym czasie w pierwszej kolejności zboża i ryb. Te grupy towarów były szczególnie pożądane przez Greków i znaki pieniężne wydają się być szczególnie powiązane z nimi, także poprzez ich formę („groty strzał” w formie liścia przypominające kształtem ziarno). Dlatego uznano za celowe zaproponowanie bardziej jednoznacznej oceny tych znaków pieniężnych, ich znaczenia i przeznaczenia na tle sytuacji właściwej dla VI I V w. p.n.e. Po prostu skorzystano z popularnych wzorów, aby stworzyć środek ułatwiający wymianę. Opinię tę wspierają studia z zakresu ikonografii greckiej.

4

Dwie klamry pasów holsztyńskich z wczesnośredniowiecznego grodziska w Długiem, pow. stargardzki, stanowisko 1

84%

Rogalski B.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

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2022

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vol. 18

283-289

EN

In 1990, two Holstein belt hooks were found in the stronghold rampart in Długie, Stargard district, site 1. They are of Type B by H. Hingst which is dated to Jastorf IIa and IIb. The connection of the object with known in the literature cemetery in Długie, site 3, is unclear.

5

Osada wielokulturowa na stanowisku 2 w Głazowie, gm. Myślibórz, woj. zachodniopomorskie. Badania w latach 2007 i 2008

67%

Domańska L., Rzepecki S., Affelski J., Ignaczak M., Jurkiewicz B., Ficyk M., Pietkiewicz K., Solecki Ł., Wąs M.

Raport

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2013

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vol. 8

89-102

EN

A multicultural settlement was revealed at the site Głazów 2 (AZP 40-09/19), Myślibórz commune, zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. Artefacts and features are dated from the late Palaeolithic, through Neolithic groups of the following cultures: Linear Pottery, late Linear Pottery, Funnelbeaker, Globular Amphora, as well as Lusatian and Jastorf, up to the early modern period. The settlement of the Lusatian culture witnessed the strongest development from the end of the Bronze Age to the beginning of the La Tène period. The later settlement traces hint at the agricultural function of the site area.

6

Gwizdek (?) z poroża z Wyspy Sobieszewskiej w Gdańsku

67%

Kurzyk K., Litwinienko A.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2022

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vol. Tom XXXI

189–199

EN

In May 2020, Ms Sylwia Ziółkowska donated to the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk an artefact made of antler, which she accidentally discovered while walking on the beach of Wyspa Sobieszewska in Gdańsk (Fig. 1). The artefact probably originally served as a whistle. Dimensions: maximum length 24 cm, maximum diameter at the mouthpiece 2.8 cm, diameter of the inner hole 1.2 cm (Figs. 2-3). After calibration, the radiocarbon dating with a probability of 95.4% is at the maximum in the period 172 BC to 8 AD (Fig. 4), i.e. in the younger Pre-Roman period in Poland. The simple form of the artefact is intercultural, and we know similar finds also from other periods and archaeological cultures, e.g. from Denmark, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Romania, Spain and Portugal (Fig. 5). Some researchers criticized the hypotheses about the acoustic purpose of the discussed subjects. Among alternative interpretations, there were often proposals to consider them as basketry tools or, in the case of smaller specimens, as pendants and amulets. Among the alternative interpretations in the literature, there are ones ascribing to the discussed items the role of elements of the horse harness (side pieces). The artefact discovered on Wyspa Sobieszewska in Gdańsk has morphological features typical of stopped edge-blown aerophones. However, the plug closing the blow hole has not survived. Undoubtedly, the collection of these extremely interesting artefacts requires a broader view and further analysis, especially attempts to reconstruct the sound.

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2 Raport

1 Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

1 Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie

2 2022

2 2015

2 2013

1 Affelski J.

1 Byrska-Fudali M.

1 Chwałek S.

1 Domańska L.

1 Ficyk M.

1 Ignaczak M.

1 Jurkiewicz B.

1 Kurzyk K.

1 Litwinienko A.

1 Pietkiewicz K.

1 Przybyła M.

1 Rogalski B.

1 Rzepecki S.

1 Solecki Ł.