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Precision, Honesty and Liveliness: The Newspaper Medium in "The Unfortunates" by B. S. Johnson

100%
Biela K.
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
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2020
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vol. 44
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issue 2
DE
Der Artikel enthält das Abstract ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
The article analyses the representation of the newspaper medium in The Unfortunates – the fourth novel by the post-war British avant-garde author B.S. Johnson. The narrator’s job as a football reporter is discussed with reference to other themes and the unconventional form of the novel. Special attention is paid to the section called “The pitch worn”, which presents the process of writing the report. The aim is to see how the chapter resonates within the whole work and what it reveals as regards Johnson’s views on precision, honesty and liveness. Literary analysis is accompanied by references to journalism and media studies.
FR
L'article contient uniquement le résumé en anglais.
2
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Estimating Model Risk of VaR under Different Approaches: Study on European Banks

100%
Pasieczna A. H., Szydłowska M. J.
Współczesne Problemy Zarządzania
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 2(19)
65-76
EN
The objective of this research is to estimate the model risk, represented as precision, and the accuracy of the Value at Risk (VaR) measure, under three different approaches: historical simulation (HS), Monte Carlo (MC), and generalized ARCH (GARCH). In this work, to analyze the VaR model, the accuracy and precision were used. Estimation of the accuracy and precision was done under the three approaches for four European banks at 95 and 99% confidence levels. The percentage crossings and Kupiec POF were used to judge the model accuracy, whereas the ratio of the maximum and minimum VaR estimates, and the spread between the maximum and minimum VaR estimates were used to estimate the model risk. This was achieved by changing input parameters, specifically, the estimation time window (125, 250, 500 days). Implications/Recommendations: The accuracy alone is not sufficient to evaluate a model and precision is also required. The temporal evolution of the precision metrics showed that the VaR approaches were inconsistent under different market conditions. This article focuses on the accuracy and precision concepts applied to estimate model risk of the Value at Risk (VaR). VaR is the foundation for sophisticated risk metrics, including systemic risk measures like Marginal Expected Shortfall and Delta Conditional Value at Risk. Thus, understanding the risk associated with the use of VaR is crucial for finance practitioners.
3
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Precyzja języka prawnego jako przykład precyzji języka fachowego

84%
Bukowska-Pelc U.
Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik
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2017
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issue 24
37-43
EN
The purpose of the paper is to present how the basic assumption of the professional language, namely precision, is implemented in legal texts. The paper focuses on language structures that are characteristic of the legal language but at the same time affect its precision. Some examples include ambiguous terms, or unclear and underspecified expressions. The paper concentrates mainly on analysing legal definitions as a way of avoiding ambiguity as well as on the manner of building correct definitions. The author indicates which categories of errors should be avoided in constructing legal definitions (vicious circle of definition; defining the unknown by the unknown; definition irrelevance) in order to make a legal text clear. Given that legal norms define orders, prohibitions and permits, precision of the language used is of paramount importance. For it is precision that influences interpretation as well as translation to foreign languages.
4
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A Stopping Rule for Simulation‑Based Estimation of Inclusion Probabilities

67%
Gamrot W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2020
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vol. 4
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issue 349
67-80
PL
Estymacja parametrów populacji skończonych i ustalonych, prowadzona w ramach podejścia randomizacyjnego, zazwyczaj wymaga znajomości prawdopodobieństw inkluzji charakteryzujących schemat losowania próby. Są one bezpośrednio wykorzystywane w celu wyznaczenia wag przypisanych poszczególnym wylosowanym jednostkom i uwzględniane podczas obliczania estymatorów. Jednak dla pewnych użytecznych schematów losowania pozostają nieznane. W takim wypadku możliwe jest ich wyznaczenie na drodze symulacyjnej, poprzez wielokrotne losowanie prób z wykorzystaniem tego samego schematu losowania i zliczanie wystąpień poszczególnych jednostek populacji. Zastępując nieznane prawdopodobieństwa inkluzji oszacowaniami uzyskanymi w wyniku takiego eksperymentu, otrzymuje się oszacowania wartości globalnej badanej cechy populacji. Szczególnym wyzwaniem podczas takiego postępowania jest wyznaczenie liczby replikacji próby, zapewniającej wymaganą precyzję estymacji. W niniejszym artykule proponowana jest nowa procedura, która może przyczynić się do zmniejszenia złożoności obliczeniowej eksperymentu symulacyjnego.
EN
Design‑based estimation of finite population parameters such as totals usually relies on the knowledge of inclusion probabilities characterising the sampling design. They are directly incorporated into sampling weights and estimators. However, for some useful sampling designs, these probabilities may remain unknown. In such a case, they may often be estimated in a simulation experiment which is carried out by repeatedly generating samples using the same sampling scheme and counting occurrences of individual units. By replacing unknown inclusion probabilities with such estimates, design‑based population total estimates may be computed. The calculation of required sample replication numbers remains an important challenge in such an approach. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed that might lead to the reduction in computational complexity of simulations.
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