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1

Regionalizacja zagranicznej polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej w latach 1990 -2017

100%

Wojtas M., Kątski P.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2018

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vol. 52

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issue 5

EN

Regionalisation of trade policy is an increasingly common trend in the 21 st century. The European Union concluded its fist trade agreements in the 1970s, but at the end of the 1990s, it applied a de facto moratorium on such agreements. In 2005, this policy was changed, and the EU is a signatory to 35 agreements – creating either a free trade area or a customs union. The aim of the paper was to show how the European Union’s approach to concluding preferential trade agreements changed over the period of 1990–2017. The reasons for the EU’s increased interest in regionalisation and the development of regional links with partners in various regions of the world were presented, including selected key trade agreements.

PL

Regionalizacja polityki handlowej jest w XXI wieku coraz powszechniejszym trendem. Unia Europejska zawierała pierwsze umowy handlowe już w latach 70. XX wieku jednak pod koniec lat 90. XX wieku stosowała swoiste moratorium na tego typu porozumienia. Po 2005 roku ta polityka została zmieniona, a UE jest sygnatariuszem 35 porozumień o charakterze strefy wolnego handlu lub unii celnej. Celem pracy jest pokazanie jak zmieniło się podejście Unii Europejskiej do zawierania preferencyjnych układów handlowych w analizowanym okresie 1990 -2017. Przedstawione zostaną przyczyny wzrostu zainteresowania UE regionalizacją oraz rozwój powiązań regionalnych z partnerami w różnych regionach świata, w tym wybrane najważniejsze umowy handlowe.

2

The European Union as trade power - the significance of Common Commercial Policy

75%

Czermińska M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2021

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issue 3 (380)

129-159

EN

A commercial policy is an important indicator of the economic standing of a state pursuing that policy and an indicator of the course of its foreign and economic policy. Cardinal importance in the development of the EU’s position as a leading power in trade and through trade is attached to the EU’s common commercial policy (CCP). This article aims to demonstrate the significance of the common commercial policy to the EU’s position in the international scene as a trade power. The research hypothesis formulated in the article is that the EU is a trade power both in and through trade, is capable of influencing other states’ policy and builds its position because of the trade policy it pursues. The EU is a power in trade, which means that access to the EU market is used to boost the exports of its own goods, capital and services and a power through trade, which entails the export of EU legal regulations and standards. Empirical (indirect observation and description) and general methods, including deduction and induction, were used to achieve the aim of the study. Research techniques such as cause-and-effect, comparative, documentary, historical, and synthesis were of great importance.

3

Importance and motives of preferential trade agreements in the eU's external trade

75%

Kawecka-Wyrzykowska E.

Economics and Business Review

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2020

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vol. 6(20)

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issue 3

3-22

EN

As a result of previous multilateral negotiations tarif rates are generally low and cannot explain the reasons for recent proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The aim of the paper is to look for other motivations of EU PTAs and to assess their importance for the EU. The main research methods are statistical, review and assessment of WTO documents and critical analysis of literature. First, the present level of tarif protection on selected import markets was estimated. This level illustrates the scale of countries' interest in their elimination of the existing tarifs. Also the share of preferential imports in the EU extra-trade was calculated and compared with trade on MFN basis. Next, reasons for PTAs were identified. eTh conclusions prove that 21st century PTAs are mainly motivated not by a reduction of tarifs but by the willingness to reduce the regulatory barriers (contained in rules on public procurement, environmental protection, etc.). The most dynamic trade nowadays involves flows of accessories and services. In this situation the importance of PTAs results from the fact that they serve as instruments eliminating national regulatory barriers faced by exporters of goods and resources on foreign markets. Thus PTAs support production and sales abroad. In the EU political motivations of PTAs are important as well.

4

Strefa wolnego handlu między Unią Europejską i Republiką Korei

63%

Pasierbiak P.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2013

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vol. 47

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issue 2

EN

The author of the paper has focused on the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Korea, which came into force on 1 July 2011. The Agreement is the first concluded by the European Union with an Asian country and also, so far, it has the highest degree of complexity. In his research, the author concentrates on the presentation of changes in trade policies of both partners toward preferential trade arrangements (PTA), but he also describes most important provisions of the agreement on the liberalization of industrial goods, agricultural products and services.

PL

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2 Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

1 Economics and Business Review

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1 2021

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1 Czermińska M.

1 Kawecka-Wyrzykowska E.

1 Kątski P.

1 Pasierbiak P.

1 Wojtas M.

Regionalizacja zagranicznej polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej w latach 1990 -2017

The European Union as trade power - the significance of Common Commercial Policy

Importance and motives of preferential trade agreements in the eU's external trade

Strefa wolnego handlu między Unią Europejską i Republiką Korei