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Slovo to v mluvených korpusech ČNK, jeho prefixace a reduplikace

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Klimešová P., Komrsková Z., Kopřivová M., Lukeš D.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 1
21-30
EN
The word form to (that.SG.N) traditionally tops frequency tables in corpora of spoken Czech: as a universal (gender- and number-neutral) exophoric (deictic) and endophoric (co-referential) device, it is crucial for spontaneous, unplanned discourse which requires reinforcing references to the context and co-text. Our estimate based on the ORAL series corpora is that about 70% of the instances of to in informal spoken language preserve strong referential semantics (i.e. the endo/exophoric function is preserved). In the remaining cases these functions are attenuated to different degrees: about 20% are part of what a phraseologically-oriented account would consider as indivisible chunks (often multi-word units expanding on the stub to + je.be.3SG), whereas the remaining 10% are purely pragmatic (chiefly serving as a turn-taking/keeping device). As the data show, to can even be prefixed, acting as a surrogate verb, and it is often reduplicated; both strategies indicate an attempt not to yield one’s turn while searching for words. A comparison of their relative frequencies in spoken and written corpora reveals these constructions as characteristic of spoken language.
2
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Současný vývoj sémantiky prefixu pro-

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Nzimba S.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2019
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vol. 101
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issue 2
170-194
EN
The paper aims to describe the meanings of the prefix pro- found in Czech verbal neologisms. The first section characterizes verbal prefixation and describes two principal functions of prefixes — the lexical and the aspectual. The subsequent section deals with the Neomat electronic neologism database, which is the primary source of material for the paper and the basis for a discussion of its methodology. Subsequently, the difference between polysemy, cosemy and homonymy is explained and cosemy is shown on the example of the verb probruslit. Next, classifications of the prefix propresented in Czech linguistic sources (especially in grammars) are compared, the principal problems of classification are addressed, and meanings mentioned in all the sources are identified. The final section analyses meanings of the prefix pro- in verbal neologisms (prototypical, spatial meaning ‘through’ being described first). The most frequent meanings of the prefix pro- in verbal neologisms are ‘to get somewhere/to accomplish something‘, ‘to pass time’, ‘to lose something’ or ‘to do intensively’.
3
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K vývojovým tendencím vybraných obouvidových sloves v češtině

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Janečka M., Návratová M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2020
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vol. 102
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issue 2
230-249
EN
The theoretical part of this article is focused on verbal aspect, particularly on biaspectual verbs in Czech. The creation of a perfective verb from a biaspectual verb by means of prefixation is described. Within corpus research, usage of biaspectual verbs in a perfective context is explored in contrast to its perfective correlate. Then we focus on syntactic restrictions, considering the usage of certain biaspectual verbs, and on the fact that the aspect of biaspectual verbs cannot be identified out of context. Czech biaspectual verbs develop over time and they can also lose their biaspectuality over time. The perfective forms of biaspectual verbs were verified for the following verbs: adaptovat, definovat, organizovat, faulovat, kontaktovat, realizovat, exportovat, publikovat, kompromitovat and korumpovat. Our research indicates that half of the selected verbs cannot be used in their perfective forms in time-subordinate sentences, and that in this type of sentence they are replaced by their prefixed perfective correlates. This finding leads us to the conclusion that in certain contexts, Czech biaspectual verbs can lose their biaspectuality over time.
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