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EN
Used in the Polish electoral law the institution collecting signatures as an instrument of the initial selection of candidates in the presidential election she took on the character of the façade. The fundamental cause of the situation is ineffective system verify the authenticity of signatures. The study analysed the legal framework and practice for collecting signatures for candidates in the presidential election. A separate part of considerations for possible modifications or changes to the system, so as to eliminate the emerging pathologies on the basis of the application of the existing laws and to effectively make the initial verification of the candidates in the presidential election, rejecting candidates serious or unknown to the wider public.
EN
The Confederation of Independent Poland was the first democratic political party in the People’s Republic of Poland. The article presents its activity between 1979 and 1991 and concentrates on its internal organization, its program and above all on its place in the political system. Additionally, it presents the party’s evolution from an illegal and anti-regime political party to a classical parliamentary fraction. Deliberations concentrate on the period of regime transformation after the Round Table, focusing on the Confederation’s election campaigns: in 1989 – contractual parliamentary elections, in 1990 – local elections, in 1990 – presidential elections and in 1991 – parliamentary election. However the article focuses mainly on the preparations and the course of the 1991 parliamentary elections, as they were the first free and democratic parliamentary election in Poland after the Second World War, and its organisation was the Confederation’s most important goal since its establishment.
EN
The main aim of this paper is to analyse the image and policy directions of Vladimir Putin in social media before the 2018 presidential elections that he won. The official Twitter channel in English version was traversed in this paper. The presidential campaign of Vladimir Putin on Twitter in 2018 was very gentle. The leader strategy, which was adopted, ensured his outright victory. The most commonly raised issues before the presidential elections in Russia concerned international partnerships, military issues, army and arms. Information concerning private life was not used in the pictures and in the paper. He had condoled, wished and congratulated – the widely promoted image of a charismatic leader was broken down by friendly gestures. The figure of president was exposed in pictures. The most posted pictures of the President were pictures of him surrounded by common people, workers and politicians. His attire and body language underlined a professional approach.
EN
The objective is to approximate the issues related to the intra-party competition for the nomination for the party candidate in elections of the President of the Republic of Poland. Both statutory prerogatives and electoral activity indicate that party leaders do not play a leading role in this regard. PiS party leader attributed only any permission in the process of selection of candidates to participate in elections of the President of the Republic. He has the right to submit appropriate nominations. However, the final decision in the PiS and TR shall take the national authority, while the SLD and PSL National Convention. In turn, stand as leaders of the major parties in less than half of the election (8 of 17) you can rather be considered an argument for their lack of activity in this field.
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