Search results

1

A Linguistic Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s "The Trials of Brother Jero"

100%

Osoba J.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2014

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vol. 4

EN

The application of linguistic theories and concepts as tools for analysis of literary works provides one of the most fascinating and illuminating insights into how they may be read, interpreted, and understood. This assumption underlies the objective of this paper in which I attempt to explicate an interpretation of Soyinka’s "The Trials of Brother Jero" through an application of the pragmatics tool of presupposition. Thus an attempt is made in this paper to present a linguistic analysis of the play by an examination of its meaning potentials in terms of presuppositions. In this regard, utterances of two major characters, Jero and Chume, his Assistant, are selected and analysed. It may be interesting to note that fictional characters express presuppositions as much as people in real life. Thus this study is a presentation of an interface between linguistics and literary works. In this linguistic study, literary discourse is exploited using the pragmatic concept of presupposition which underlines and underpins the explanatory adequacy of its explication. Stimulating insights are presented in the interpretation and understanding of Wole Soyinka’s "Trials of Brother Jero" as apiece of dramatic discourse which constitute and promote the interface of linguistic science and literary science.

2

Negative-mutational verbs and presupposition in Czech

100%

Veselý L., Veselý V.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2019

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vol. 80

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issue 4

265-284

EN

The aim of this contribution is to analyze the meaning of the Czech verbs zůstat ‘stay, remain’, nechat ‘keep, leave, let’ and zapomenout ‘forget’. We will argue they are mutational verbs sui generis: their positive forms express a denial that a mutational action has been carried out, whereas the negative forms express the carrying out of a mutation. Since such behaviour is contrary to prototypically mutational verbs, we call zůstat, nechat and zapomenout negative-mutational verbs. This construal makes it possible to maintain the assumption that a presupposition of an initial situation is a sufficient condition for the mutational meaning. If combined with an infinitive complement, the verbs zůstat, nechat, zapomenout belong to the class of implicative verbs (zapomenout is negative-implicative). In this use, the given verbs retain the status of negative-mutational verbs provided certain conditions imposed on the infinitive are fulfilled.

CS

Cílem příspěvku je analýza významu českých sloves zůstat, nechat a zapomenout. Ukážeme, že jde o mutační slovesa sui generis: svými pozitivními tvary popírají provedení mutační akce, zatímco svými negativními tvary vyjadřují provedení mutace. Jelikož chování prototypicky mutačních sloves je právě opačné, interpretujeme zůstat, nechat a zapomenout jako slovesa negativně mutační. Uvedené pojetí umožňuje zachování předpokladu, že presupozice výchozí situace je postačující podmínkou pro mutační význam slovesa. Kombinují-li se slovesa zůstat, nechat a zapomenout s infinitivem, patří do třídy sloves implikativních (zapomenout je negativně implikativní). Stále jde o slovesa negativně mutační, pokud tomu nebrání sémantika infinitivu.

3

Wybrane aspekty rosyjsko-polskiego przekładu tekstów prawnych w kontekście wyrażenia statusu ich obowiązywania

100%

Nawacka J.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2018

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XXIII

123-138

EN

The present paper concerns translation of legal language as an act of communication and constitutes an attempt to reconstruct the presuppositions of legally binding statements that appear in messages which are sent in legal language and which are read on the directive level. The problem of the binding of a legal act might seem irrelevant from the point of view of translation. This is so because the descriptive layer of a message does not change depending on whether a given norm enters into force or not, or whether it loses its binding power or not. However, the sender of a message in legal language does not send a message devoid of information concerning legal binding. The latter is the main constitutive element of every message sent in legal language, which in turn results in communication based on presupposition.

4

Presuppositions and Appropriateness of Assertions

88%

Domaneschi F.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2011

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vol. 7

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issue 2

205-222

EN

In this paper I aim to compare and evaluate two theoretic approaches to pragmatic presuppositions: the Common Ground account and Propositional Context account. According to the Common Ground account proposed by Stalnaker (2002), it is appropriate to assert a sentence p that requires a presupposition q only if q is mutually believed as accepted as true and taken for granted by the interlocutors. Otherwise, Gauker (2002, 2008) claims that the ground of propositions taken for granted coincides with what he calls the objective propositional context, that is the set of objectively relevant propositional elements that speakers ought to share in order to evaluate the appropriateness of utterances so as to reach the goal of a conversation.The main purpose of my paper is to show that, according to the Propositional Context account, a theory of presupposition has to take into account a normative-objective notion of context. Secondly, I aim to develop a criticism of Gauker's point of view claiming that the Propositional Context account does not account for the number of ways in which a proposition can be taken for granted by the speakers depending on the context. Finally, I propose to integrate Gauker's account with a further condition for appropriateness of assertion which states that: in order to appropriately assert a sentence p that requires a presupposition q, speakers ought to recognize how they should justify q in a specific communicative context.

5

Stratégies discursives et communicationnelles de persuasion dans les genres journalistiques d'opinion: le cas des critiques de cinéma

88%

Topa-Bryniarska D.

Cognitive Studies

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2015

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issue 15

EN

Discursive and communicative strategies of persuasion in opinion forming media: the case of film reviewsThis study aims at analysing the discourse as a way of using language for specific purposes. On the basis of a corpus consisting of forty reviews of the French comedy Intouchables (2011) selected from various film magazines and web pages, the author offers a reflection on the nature and functions of the genre “film review”. Thus, different invariant elements of the mentioned genre can be established in the light of discursive and communicative strategies whose persuasive dimension is connected both with the presence of informative and evaluative elements about the film and the situation of the participants. Thanks to the described strategies, activating various kinds of hidden and connotative meaning i.e. implications, presuppositions, cultural associations, the journalist contributes to the co-creation of human perception.

6

Deutsche und polnische Kasusrollen im Hinblick auf deren Interferenz

88%

Sadziński W.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2017

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issue 13

33-46

EN

A contrastive study can be designed as a presentation or investigation procedure. In the present contribution, they are used in a complementary way by additionally examining the already numerically divergent pure cases of German and Polish with respect to their differing syntactic roles. Particular attention was paid to the individual language-specific case change – preferably in the active-passive diathesis, under the influence of negation, and in relation to numbers / measures and quantities.

DE

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7

Pragmatics, Micropragmatics, Macropragmatics

75%

Cap P.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 2

195-228

EN

The paper addresses the distinction between micropragmatics and macropragmatics. It is postulated that this differentiation, a consequence of a number of controversies surrounding the core field of pragmatics, does manifest a number of conceptual merits and methodological feasibility. The article also aims to elaborate on the four concepts central to the methodology of pragmatics, i.e. deixis, presupposition, implicature and speech acts, from an essentially ‘micropragmatic’ perspective, describing their contribution to the proposition of an utterance, its illocutionary force, and a wide range of effects the utterance may produce. At the same time, however, three relativities-regularities are indicated and presented as prompts for an integrated study of intentionality at the macro level of discourse/text.

8

The Influence of World Values on the Development of Phraseological Semantics

75%

Orel I., Орел І.

Slavia Orientalis

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2022

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vol. LXXI

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issue 2

9

Presupozycje w perspektywie logicznej

75%

Kulińska Z.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2016

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issue 13

239-250

EN

The main aim of this article is to show the problem of presupposition from the side of the logical analysis of language. Deliberations on the topic derive from the nineteenth century and are connected to Gottlob Frege. In his work titled "On sense and reference", he asks how the expressions with a referring function should be translated into logical language. He also emphasizes "assumptions for the existence of referent (designation)", whose characteristic feature is that their authenticity is a crucial condition to provide a sentence with a logical meaning. Therefore, Frege highlighted the crucial feature of presupposition that is constancy under negation. However, Frege's concept lacks unity when it comes to the level of the language on which the assumptions should be made. An opposing view on presupposition is presented by Russell and his idea of definite descriptions, which solves the problem of sentences with non-existent subject terms, of which Frege's language philosophy does not provide a precise explanation. Russel claims that denoting phrases can be expressed in the form on conjunction of the value of the sentence and thus sentences predicating on something that does not exist happen to be false. However, Russel's view differs from the one presented by a twentieth-century philosopher, Peter Strawson. The latter maintains that the problems mentioned derive from the fact that scholars do not notice the difference between sentences and sentences used to have an assertive meaning and, consequently, that the sentences cannot be true or false since this is a characteristic feature of statements. He also emphasizes a connection between them, in which one statement is a primary condition to give a logical value to another statement. Strawson called the phenomenon a presupposition and claimed that it can be recognized as a specific kind of pragmatic deduction/presupposition. The article focuses on showing the three views on presupposition on the grounds of the philosophies of language presented by scholars mentioned above.

10

Why I believe in monsters (and you should too)

75%

Colomina-Alminana J.

Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature

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2022

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issue 3

4-16

EN

According to Kaplan’s bidimensional theory of demonstratives, the descriptive content of any indexical term (and the sentences they appear in) is only employed to determine its reference in any possible world rigidly but cannot be expressed by the sentence’s truth conditions. Kaplan then argues that an indexical sentence’s informativeness depends on what he calls its character, a property of the context that relates a particular context to a concrete content, but it cannot be a part of the proposition the sentence entertains (its content), primarily given the logical inconsistencies the opposite would show in the theory of conditionals and counterfactuals. I agree with Kaplan that indexicals should not be considered disguised descriptions. Nevertheless, I believe that their content is informative and, therefore, part of the proposition these sentences express, even though that implies accepting the existence of content shifting operators within the same context --what Kaplan dubbed monsters. This paper, therefore, presents an alternative account to indexical terms and sentences employing the Interactive Theory introduced in Colomina-Alminana (2022). This approach considers that the meaning of any sentence, the proposition it expresses, depends upon three interrelated factors: the speaker’s intentions when uttering, the audience’s potential uptakes of such statement, and the conventions established by the speech community both speaker and audience belong, or the linguistic interaction takes place. The critical element is the so-called speaker's point of view, an objective perspectival networking background that allows lexical and syntactic mechanisms to trigger and update potential conceptual presuppositional content shared by both speaker and audience and whose existence is prior to any context and circumstances.

11

Inauguracyjne orędzia prezydenckie jako przedmiot interpretacji politologicznej

71%

Kołodziejczak M.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2014

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issue 2

137-148

EN

The language of politics (in its numerous variations and forms) continues to be one of the fundamental objects of political science research. The academic analysis of this object of research, however, continues to generate considerable difficulties for political science as a result of the incompatibility of language studies methodology with the function and tasks of modern political science. Therefore, there emerges a need to develop a method of text analysis for political science that will allow us to use language to discover and present the assumptions that shape the attitudes and ideologies of political entities, or in other words – the content of general political environment. This paper responds to this need by presenting a method that distinguishes three basic levels of analysis: a conventional layer of text, a descriptive one and a presuppositional one. Analyzing the inaugural addresses given by Polish presidents the specificity of their individual dimensions is presented: the situational determinant (level one), the creation of content to boost image (on a descriptive level), and – most importantly to the political scientist – a mechanism revealing the assumptions concealed at the presuppositional level.

PL

Jednym z fundamentalnych przedmiotów badań nauki o polityce pozostaje niezmiennie język polityki (w swoich licznych odmianach i formach). Analiza naukowa tego przedmiotu badań przysparza jednak politologii nadal szereg problemów, wynikających z nieprzystawalności metod językoznawstwa do funkcji i zadań współczesnej nauki o polityce. Pojawia się więc potrzeba wypracowania politologicznej metody analizy tekstu, która to metoda pozwoliłaby – za pomocą języka – odkryć i wyeksponować założenia kształtujące orientacje i postawy podmiotów politycznych, czyli treści tworzące ogólną przestrzeń polityczną. Propozycją odpowiedzi na to zapotrzebowanie jest prezentowana w artykule metoda, wyróżniająca trzy podstawowe poziomy analizy: konwencjonalną warstwę tekstu, opisową oraz presupozycjalną. Na przykładzie analizy inauguracyjnych orędzi polskich prezydentów, ukazano specyfikę poszczególnych wymiarów: determinant sytuacyjny (na pierwszym poziomie), kreację treści korzystnych wizerunkowo (na poziomie deskryptywnym), wreszcie – najistotniejszy dla politologa – mechanizm odkrywania założeń ukrytych na poziomie presupozycjalnym.

12

Unveiling the Other - the Pragmatics of Infosuasion

63%

Kopytowska M.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 2

249-282

EN

The present paper, starting from the assumption that television news is "the main source" (Robinson and Levy 1986) and a key player in the democratic process explores the media-politics interface, along with the ideological conditioning and cultural embedding of the news discourse, understood both as a process and as a product. The objective behind it is threefold. Firstly, it is to examine the media mechanisms accounting for the process of ‘infosuasion’, i.e. persuading the viewers under the guise of delivering information in the form of neutral and balanced reporting, thereby shaping their perceptions of the self and the "Other". Secondly, it is to demonstrate the dialectics between the news media and political elites, visible in the CNN representation of Iranians and its contingency on the anti-nuclear discourse of the Bush Administration. Finally, it is to maximize the validity of an eclectic approach, combining pragmatic and semiotic perspectives, in the domain of news media discourse along with the processes within this discourse and the practices behind it.

13

K presupozici předchozího (stejného/podobného) děje u prefigátů s při- a pře-

63%

Veselý L., Veselý V.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2021

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vol. 82

|

issue 3

232-248

EN

The study deals with prefixed verbs with při- and pře- which imply a preceding action, namely one identical or similar to the action denoted by a given verb (přisladit čaj ‘sweeten tea (a little more)’; převážit rybu ‘reweigh a fish’). The paper addresses these questions: 1) What factors cause the implication of a preceding action to be perceived with varying strength for different verbs? 2) Does the meaning of a preceding action belong to the realm of semantics or pragmatics? The following findings are formulated: 1) Strength of the implication is affected by the amount of resemblance of the implied action to the action directly denoted: if two identical actions with identical result are concerned (přeočkovat dítě ‘revaccinate a child’) the implication is strong. If the verb expresses a change of state (přeformulovat text ‘reformulate a text’) the implication is weaker. 2) The character of the implied meaning is also a factor: if the implication is strongly determined by pragmatics (přisolit ‘add (more) salt’) it is merely loosely associated with the verb. If the implication is not dependent on pragmatics (převážit kapra ‘reweigh a carp’) it seems to be part of the lexical meaning and is strong.

14

Pragmatics, discourse and philosophy

63%

Cap P.

Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2022

|

issue 13

123-141

EN

Following the linguistic turn in analytical philosophy, concern for language underlies some of the most important strands of philosophical practice, making issues of mind, language and discourse virtually inseparable elements of scientific inquiry. Just as philosophy looks to language and linguistics to endorse different ontological and epistemological postulates, linguistics looks to philosophy in addressing its key questions of meaning, function and use. In this paper I argue that pragmatics and discourse analysis are areas where the relation between language, linguistics and philosophy is particularly salient. Crucially, philosophy, its conceptions and frameworks, should never be viewed as ‘external’ to discourse. Rather, discourse and discourse study involving pragmatic tools are, in themselves, areas of intense philosophical practice. Results of this practice are relevant and of interest to not only language philosophers, but also to those exploring ontological and epistemological matters of general philosophy.

15

Non-reductive analysis of knowledge

51%

Grobler A., Grobler A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2019

|

issue 4

16

The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

51%

Komorowska E., Anna Ohrimovich A.

Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching

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2018

|

issue 15/1

49-67

EN

The aim of the paper is to identify the linguistic exponents of Russian compliments. The examples which will be analyzed come from contemporary Russian. We will consider direct and indirect compliments, paying attention to such phenomena as presupposition and implicature as well as to the pragmatic functions of utterances. An analysis of communication strategies will allow us to present the specific features and role of compliments in linguistic communication in Russia.

PL

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie językowych eksponentów rosyjskich komplementów. Przykłady, które będą analizowane, pochodzą ze współczesnego języka rosyjskiego. Rozważymy bezpośrednie i pośrednie komplementy, zwracając uwagę na takie zjawiska, jak presupozycja i implikatura, a także na pragmatyczne funkcje wypowiedzi. Analiza strategii komunikacyjnych pozwoli nam przedstawić charakterystyczne cechy komplementów i ich rolę w komunikacji językowej w Rosji.

17

Negacja jako operator dyskursywny

51%

PALCZEWSKI R.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 2

129-148

PL

Praca jest poświęcona negacji dyskursywnej (metajęzykowej). Omawiane są jej funkcje (np. sprostowanie, uwypuklenie, zaskoczenie), rodzaje (np. implikacyjna, językowa, prozodyczna) i własności (np. pozorna sprzeczność, pragmatyczne odkodowanie, przytoczenie, a nie użycie, brak konstrukcji z prefiksem „nie”, brak konstrukcji z zaimkami negatywnymi). Następnie rozpatrzona została możliwość, że negacja dyskursywna jest jedynie szczególnym przypadkiem innych rodzajów negacji, w szczególności negacji kontrastywnej lub illokucyjnej. Dalej postawiono pytanie, czy w przypadku negacji dyskursywnej mamy do czynienia ze zjawiskiem semantycznym czy pragmatycznym, jak również, czy jest możliwe ujęcie negacji dyskursywnej w ramach mechanizmu konwersacyjnego nazywanego „przywołaniem echem”.

EN

This paper is devoted to the discursive (metalinguistic) negation. Its functions (e.g. a rectification, emphasis, surprise), types (e.g. implicative, linguistic, prosodic) and properties (e.g. the ostensible inconsistency, pragmatic decoding, mention rather than use, no construction with the prefix ‘no’, no construction with negative pronouns) are discussed. Next, the possibility is considered that the discursive negation is only a special case of other types of negation, in particular contrastive or illocutionary negation. Then the question is raised whether in the case of the discursive negation we are dealing with a semantic or pragmatic phenomenon, as well as whether it is possible to include the discursive negation in the context of a conversational mechanism called ‘echoic use.’

18

The question of presuppositions in the theory of justice. Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of John Rawls

45%

Jakubowski J., Jakubowski J.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2021

|

issue 4

19

Definite descriptions in the argument between P.F. Strawson and Bertrand Russell

45%

Maciaszek J., Maciaszek J.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2019

|

issue 4

20

Analysis, realism, and universals: Critical engagements with P.F. Strawson

38%

Szubka T., Szubka T.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

|

2019

|

issue 4

Refine search results

A Linguistic Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s "The Trials of Brother Jero"

Negative-mutational verbs and presupposition in Czech

Wybrane aspekty rosyjsko-polskiego przekładu tekstów prawnych w kontekście wyrażenia statusu ich obowiązywania

Presuppositions and Appropriateness of Assertions

Stratégies discursives et communicationnelles de persuasion dans les genres journalistiques d'opinion: le cas des critiques de cinéma

Deutsche und polnische Kasusrollen im Hinblick auf deren Interferenz

Pragmatics, Micropragmatics, Macropragmatics

The Influence of World Values on the Development of Phraseological Semantics

Presupozycje w perspektywie logicznej

Why I believe in monsters (and you should too)

Inauguracyjne orędzia prezydenckie jako przedmiot interpretacji politologicznej

Unveiling the Other - the Pragmatics of Infosuasion

K presupozici předchozího (stejného/podobného) děje u prefigátů s při- a pře-

Pragmatics, discourse and philosophy

Non-reductive analysis of knowledge

The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

Negacja jako operator dyskursywny

The question of presuppositions in the theory of justice. Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of John Rawls

Definite descriptions in the argument between P.F. Strawson and Bertrand Russell

Analysis, realism, and universals: Critical engagements with P.F. Strawson