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EN
The article provides an analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU in matters of notification. The analysis is primarily aimed at identification of the normative sources from which the Court derives its conclusions concerning the legal consequences of a breach of notification rules by the Member States and encompasses three notification procedures relating to norms and technical provisions, state aid and matters falling within the competence of the European Central Bank. Apart from general remarks on the evolution of case law in this area, the author examines: the nature of legal consequences that are associated with a breach of the notification rules; the system context of adjudication (findings concerning the provisions of law directly interpreted by the Court or other EU legal acts taken into account in the process of inference); the scope of legal consequences (including the specification of the rules to violation of which these consequences are attributed) as well as the criteria for their attribution. These findings help to assess the position on the legal consequences of a breach of notification duty by a Member State, which is presented in official EU documents. The author verifies the tendency (apparent from the Guide to consultation of the European Central Bank by national authorities) to attribute uniform legal consequences of violation of the rules defining various notification procedures.
EN
The principle of priority (primacy) means priority of the applicability of EU law over national law of the Member States. From the point of view of the European Union, this principle applies to all national rules of the Member States, regardless of their place in the hierarchy of legal sources, including constitutional provisions. Such an approach, which essentially means unconditional primacy of EU law over national law, was not confirmed in the judgments of the majority of the constitutional courts of the Member States. Thereby, the Court of Justice of the EU, recognizing the need for “constructive dialogue” with the courts of the Member States, introduced some techniques which allow the coexistence of the EU and national legal rules. In particular, in its recent case law, the Court considered the protection of national identities of the Member States as a justification of the limitation of the scope of the applicability of the principle of priority. Thus the Court allowed the requirement of the protection of national identities made the hitherto absolute principle of primacy relative principle, which allows in certain circumstances the possibility of invoking by the Member States their constitutional values in order to withdraw from the priority of the applicability of EU law.
PL
Zasada pierwszeństwa (prymatu) oznacza pierwszeństwo stosowania prawa unijnego przed prawem krajowym państw członkowskich. Zasada ta w tzw. ujęciu unijnym dotyczy wszystkich przepisów krajowych państw członkowskich, niezależnie od ich miejsca w hierarchii źródeł prawa, w tym przepisów konstytucyjnych. Takie ujęcie, oznaczające w istocie bezwarunkowy prymat prawa europejskiego nad prawem krajowym, nie znalazło potwierdzenia w orzecznictwie większości trybunałów konstytucyjnych państw członkowskich. Wobec tego Trybunał Sprawiedliwości UE, dostrzegając konieczność podjęcia „konstruktywnego dialogu” z sądami państw członkowskich, wypracował pewne techniki pozwalające na współistnienie unijnych i krajowych rozwiązań prawnych. W szczególności w swoim najnowszym orzecznictwie Trybunał uznał ochronę tożsamości narodowej państw członkowskich za przesłankę uzasadniającą ograniczenie zakresu stosowania zasady pierwszeństwa. Tym samym Trybunał pozwolił, by wymóg ochrony tożsamości narodowej uczynił z dotychczas absolutnej zasady prymatu zasadę względną, która dopuszcza w pewnych sytuacjach możliwość powołania się przez państwa członkowskie na ich wartości konstytucyjne w celu odstąpienia od pierwszeństwa stosowania prawa UE.
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