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1

Populacja więzienna w Polsce po nowelizacji systemu prawa karnego ustawą z 20 lutego 2015 roku

100%
Nawój-Śleszyński A.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2018
|
vol. 48
83-106
EN
The article discusses the questions of aims and consequences of the change of the criminal law system of 20 February 2015. One of the basic aims of the amendment was to reduce the amount of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment. One of the ways to achieve this aims has been to change the structure of the criminal system with non-freedom-lose penalties. The amended Criminal Law works for two years. Based on the analysis of the statistical data, it was found that during the period under review, from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2017, the structure of imposed penalties by the court has been favorably changed. There was a 33,5% reduction in imprisonment and a 29,3% reduction of suspended sentences.The unfavorable phenomenon is the increase of the sentences of imprisonment with the absolute execution at 2,8%. Favorable and expected changes in the structure of the penalties imposed did not transfer significantly into the reduction of the population sentenced to imprisonment. In 2015 was the imprisonment rate at 184.1, and in 2016 it rose to 186.4. The reason for this was the increase in temporarily detained persons in the prison population.
2
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Metodologické aspekty měření postojů české veřejnosti k trestání pachatelů trestných činů

88%
Moravcová E., Tomášek J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2014
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vol. 50
|
issue 4
495-520
EN
The trend towards harsher punishment of offenders, usually termed the ‘new punitiveness’, is often explained as a response to deepening social and economic uncertainty. One important area that criminal policy research has long dealt with is public attitudes to punishment. Statements that the public want more severe punishments for those who break the law are often used to justify introducing measures to make the criminal justice system harsher. There are, however, different ways to measure public opinion on criminal sentencing. While general attitudinal questions indicate the public to be very punitive in outlook, when they have to evaluate specific cases the results are slightly more positive. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey, the article aims to describe the current level of punitiveness in the Czech Republic, as measured by both above-mentioned indicators, and to assess whether the respondents’ answers to such indicators are influenced by the same factors. Data show that Czechs tend to have relatively strong punitive attitudes. However, past studies have shown that people are less punitively inclined when they are judging a specific case. Moreover, regression analysis suggests that, rather than individual punitive sentiments, the general measure of punitiveness reflects cognitive and emotional reactions of a different nature (e.g. the quality of work of the court system), which means that the information on public attitudes it produces could be misleading.
3
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Vztahová vazba a copingové strategie u vězeňské populace

75%
Viková A., Bajgarová Z.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
|
2021
|
vol. 65
|
issue 6
575-591
EN
Objectives. The study is aimed at describing attachment and coping strategies in the prison population, and relations between these two variables were tested. Sample and setting. The sample consisted of 122 men serving middle-security sentences mainly for property crime. The attachment was determined by the Czech version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, and coping strategies were measured by The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78. Hypotheses. The prisoners’ attachment and coping strategies were expected to be different from those of the normal population. The attachment anxiety and avoidance were expected to be related to coping strategies. Statistical analyses. One sample t-test and Wilcoxon one sample test were used for analyzing the differences in scores between the prison and normal population while the Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to test relations between variables. Results. Inmates were significantly different from the normal population both in their attachment and coping strategies. They exhibited higher attachment anxiety and avoidance compared to the normative sample, fearful avoidant attachment prevailed. Prisoners demonstrated higher Play Down, Distraction from Situation, Substitutional Satisfaction, Flight Tendency, Self-accusation, and Active Avoidance, they exhibited lower Guilt Denial and Rumination. Relational avoidance correlated negatively with positive coping strategies, relational anxiety correlated positively with negative coping strategies. Limitations. The main limitation of this study is the use of a non-representative sample and the self-assessment form of the methods employed.
CS
Předkládaná studie se zabývala vztahovou vazbou a copingovými strategiemi u vězeňské populace. Zkoumaný vzorek tvořilo 122 mužů ve výkonu trestu se středním stupněm zabezpečení. Vztaho-vá úzkostnost a vyhýbavost byla měřena pomocí české verze dotazníku Experiences in Close Re-lationships scale, copingové strategie pomocí do-tazníku Strategie zvládání stresu SVF 78. Vězňové měli statisticky vyšší hodnoty vzta-hové úzkostnosti a vyhýbavosti v porovnání s normální populací. Při porovnání copingových strategií vězňů s normami dotazníku se proká-zaly celkově vyšší hodnoty jak negativních, tak pozitivních strategií. Nicméně u obou typů stra-tegií se většina zvýšených hodnot týkala vyhý-bavých způsobů zpracování stresu. Potvrdil se předpoklad, že mezi vztahovou úzkostností a vyhýbavostí a copingovými strate-giemi u zkoumaného vzorku existuje souvislost. Tendence ke vztahové vyhýbavosti souvisela s nižší mírou pozitivních copingových strategií, kdežto vztahová úzkostnost spíše s vyšší mírou negativních copingových strategií.
4
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Populacja więzienna w Polsce w pierwszym roku pandemii COVID-19

51%
Stańdo-Kawecka B.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2021
|
issue XLIII/2
127-149
EN
Persons deprived of their liberty in penitentiary institutions are among the groups most exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One of basic ways to limit the development of the epidemic in these institutions is to reduce the number of prisoners. The first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Poland on 4 March 2020. Unlike in some European countries, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no preventive release of prisoners in order to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in prisons. In March 2020, the Polish parliament passed legal provisions which introduced a special break in the enforcement of prison sentences due to the epidemic threat and widened the possible use of electronic monitoring as an alternative way to serve prison terms. These new solutions did not contribute to a significant increase in the number of prisoners released from prisons. In the period from March to December 2020, the prison population in Poland dropped by more than 10%, however, this mainly resulted from a reduced number of admissions to penitentiary institutions. The article discusses the limitations of the use of particular measures in order to reduce the overall number of prisoners.
PL
Osoby pozbawione wolności w jednostkach penitencjarnych zaliczane są do grup szczególnie narażonych na zakażenie SARS-CoV-2. Jednym z podstawowych sposobów ograniczania rozwoju epidemii w tych instytucjach jest zmniejszenie liczby więźniów. Pierwszy przypadek COVID-19 zdiagnozowano w Polsce 4 marca 2020 r. Inaczej niż w niektórych krajach europejskich, po wybuchu pandemii COVID-19 nie zastosowano prewencyjnego zwolnienia osób skazanych lub tymczasowo aresztowanych i skazanych w celu ograniczenia rozprzestrzeniania się SARS-CoV-2 na terenie więzień. W marcu 2020 r. parlament uchwalił przepisy prawne, które wprowadziły szczególny rodzaj przerwy w wykonaniu kary pozbawienia wolności z powodu zagrożenia epidemicznego i rozszerzyły podstawy stosowania dozoru elektronicznego jako alternatywnego sposobu odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności. Nowe rozwiązania nie przyczyniły się do istotnego wzrostu liczby więźniów zwalnianych z zakładów karnych. Ponad 10–procentowy spadek populacji więziennej w Polsce w okresie od marca do grudnia 2020 r. wynikał głównie z mniejszej liczby osób przyjmowanych do jednostek penitencjarnych. W artykule dyskutowane są ograniczenia dotyczące stosowania poszczególnych środków w celu zmniejszenia liczby uwięzionych.
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