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OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE – RESEARCH AND LITERATURE REVIEW

100%
Varcholová T., Beslerová S.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
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2013
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vol. 9
|
issue 2
24-34
EN
The aim of this article is to summarize the results of published researches conducted in the area of influence of ownership forms on companies and financial performance and to highlight the specifics of these relations in the environment of transition economies. Several authors have documented greater efficiency of private companies compared to state-owned. According to different studies, an alternative option for transition economies is foreign ownership. Recent studies show that the effect of ownership forms on companies and financial performance is more significant in Eastern European countries compared to developed countries. However, study results are often contradictory, therefore they require additional research.
2

Reforma czeskiego prawa spółek kapitałowych w kontekście porównawczym

86%
Krawczyk A.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2015
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vol. 24
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issue 1
57-89
EN
On 1st January 2014 came into force the new Czech Commercial Companies Code, which constitutes one of the main elements of the biggest civil law reform conducted in the modern Czech Republic. It brings not only amendments to already existing legal institutions, but in comparison with the previous law on commercial companies provides for a few thoroughly new concepts. In many facets the new act is commonly considered revolutionary. The author analyzes newly adopted Commercial Companies Code with reference to other European legal systems as well legal regime of the European Union. The paper focuses on Czech capital commercial companies. Parts one and two refer to amendments within the legal regime of (private) limited liability companies, while the third part is dedicated to the joint-stock company. In part one the author analyses lawmaker’s reasons for resigning from higher initial capital and providing for the possibility of forming a company with only 1 CZK registered principal. Part two is devoted to introducing of share documents, securities commonly referred to as stock certificates in (private) limited liability company. In part three the author examines bringing in two alternatives to choose from when it comes to the internal joint-stock company structure: dualistic (previously the only possible) and monistic system. While presenting the changes, the author looks for analogous trends within the European Union as well examines the legal effects of the new laws. In conclusion she tries to prove that polish lawmakers can profit from the newly adopted Czech regulations, especially taking into consideration future amendments of the Polish Commercial Companies Code.
3

The concept of the public company under Polish corporate law

58%
Grześków M.
Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne
|
2019
|
vol. 29
63-76
EN
This paper is dedicated to the issue of the notion of the public company in Polish corporate law. This term, contrary to foreign legal systems, is detached from the fact of whether a given company’s shares are listed on the stock exchange, as it is based solely on the technical aspect of whether shares are issued in dematerialized form. This approach should be deemed inappropriate. First of all, it blurs the distinction between a public company and a private company as it does not at all address in substance the nature of listed companies. Secondly, it introduces into the legal system an obsolete category of public companies which are not equivalent to listed companies. Thirdly, the legislator wrongly adopts the private joint-stock company as the model joint-stock company in the Code of Commercial Companies (the “CCC”) instead of its variant listed on the stock exchange. Consequently, a company which in practice has more in common with a limited liability company than with a listed company has been adopted as a model of a pure capital company. Due to these reasons it is the author’s proposition to redefine the public and private company within the CCC and the capital markets regulation. This paper describes and positively assesses recent legislative proposals concerning the redefinition of the public company through linking its nature with the fact of its shares’ admission to public trading.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł został poświęcony analizie ujęcia „spółki publicznej” w polskim prawie handlowym, które w odróżnieniu od systemów prawnych państw obcych oderwane jest od faktu notowania akcji danej spółki na giełdzie papierów wartościowych, gdyż zostało oparte wyłącznie na technicznym aspekcie formy dokumentowej akcji. Ujęcie to należy uznać za błędne z kilku przyczyn. Po pierwsze, prowadzi ono to zatarcia granicy między spółką publiczną a spółką prywatną w ten sposób, że w ogóle nie odnosi się ono merytorycznie do specyfiki funkcjonowania spółek giełdowych. Po drugie, wprowadza do systemu prawnego zbędną kategorię spółek publicznych, która nie jest równoważna z kategorią spółek giełdowych. Po trzecie, ustawodawca błędnie przyjmuje, że modelową spółką akcyjną w kodeksie spółek handlowych jest jej podtyp niepubliczny w miejsce podtypu publicznego, przez co za wzorzec spółki kapitałowej przyjęto spółkę, którą w praktyce obrotu więcej łączy ze spółką z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością niż ze spółką giełdową. Z tych względów postuluje się przedefiniowanie tych kategorii w obrębie kodeksu spółek handlowych oraz prawa rynku kapitałowego. Artykuł omawia oraz aprobuje wytyczony kierunek reformy prawa rynku kapitałowego, zgodnie z którym ma dojść do zredefiniowania pojęcia spółki publicznej przez powiązanie jej istoty z faktem dopuszczenia jej akcji do obrotu giełdowego.
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