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Niepowodzenia prokreacyjne. Antropologia w badaniu doświadczenia porażki

100%
Zimniak-Hałajko M.
Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa
|
2019
|
vol. 73
|
issue 3 (326)
119-127
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym tekście jest społeczny wymiar doświadczenia porażek prokreacyjnych w Polsce – przede wszystkim nieplanowanej ciąży, aborcji i niepowodzeń w leczeniu niepłodności. Autorka przeprowadziła kilkuletnie badania metodą uczestniczącą, angażując się w różne role w instytucjach, które doświadczenie porażek prokreacyjnych współorganizują: definiują je i pomagają w sytuacjach kryzysowych (przede wszystkim były to kliniki leczenia niepłodności oraz organizacje pro-life). Badania pozwoliły na wypracowanie antropologicznych narzędzi badania niepowodzeń i próbę naszkicowania złożoności doświadczenia porażki, uwikłanego w szerokie konteksty społeczne (dyskursy ideologiczne, działania podsystemów społecznych, wyobrażenia i praktyki, konwencjonalizujące się gatunki i formy ekspresji).
EN
Reflections presented in this text consider the social dimension of experiencing procreation failures in Poland – first and foremost, unplanned pregnancy, abortion, and unsuccessful treatment of infertility. For several years the author conducted studies applying the participatory method by becoming involved in various roles in institutions that co-organise the experience of procreation failures by defining them and rendering help in crisis situations (predominantly clinics specialising in treating infertility and pro-life organisations). Pertinent studies made it possible to devise anthropological tools for studying failures and an attempt at sketching the complexity of experiencing it, involved in extensive social contexts (ideological discourses, the activity of social sub-systems, concepts and practise, as well as genres and forms of expression subjected to conventionalisation).
2
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OWN EXPERIENCES OF ABORTION IN DESCRIPTIONS OF PEOPLE ASSOCIATED IN PRO-CHOICE GROUPS ON FACEBOOK IN POLAND

88%
KULETA K.
Society Register
|
2020
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
85-100
EN
A restrictive anti-abortion law is in force in Poland. However, many people terminate pregnancy in cases other than those specified in the Act. Public discourse on this subject is dominated by philosophical and legal issues, and it lacks the voices of those who terminated the pregnancy. Abortion is often presented as a sad necessity, as always difficult or traumatic. I conducted research on describing own abortion experiences by people from Facebook pro-choice groups. 99 respondents who had 102 abortions completed an anonymous online questionnaire. From the material of answers, I selected categories that were used to analyze the results of the study: positive emotions, negative emotions, pregnancy as a burden, good experience, difficulty experience, stigmatization, support. It turned out that the experiences of termination of pregnancy were diverse. Respondents, describing their experiences, discussed topics rarely present in the discourse, such as the fact that abortion can be a good experience.
3
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A Kantian Defense of Abortion Rights with Respect for Intrauterine Life

75%
Manninen B. A.
Diametros
|
2014
|
issue 39
70-92
EN
In this paper, I appeal to two aspects of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy – his metaphysics and ethics – in defense of abortion rights. Many Kantian pro-life philosophers argue that Kant’s second principle formulation of the categorical imperative, which proscribes treating persons as mere means, applies to human embryos and fetuses. Kant is clear, however, that he means his imperatives to apply to persons, individuals of a rational nature. It is important to determine, therefore, whether there is anything in Kant’s philosophy that permits regarding embryos and fetuses as persons, since they lack the capacity for sentience (at least until mid-gestation), let alone rational thought. In the first part of the paper, I will illustrate why there are difficulties maintaining, from a Kantian perspective, that conception marks the genesis of a new person. Even granting that embryos and fetuses are persons, however, this alone would not entail the moral impermissibility of abortion rights, mainly because prohibiting abortion, and compelling women to gestate, violates the formula of humanity against them. Developing this thesis encompasses the second part of my essay. Finally, although I argue that Kant’s philosophy lends strong support to abortion rights, this does not thereby entail that it allows for the complete dehumanization of the human fetus. By appealing to the writings of Kantian scholar Allen Wood, I will argue that a fetus’ status as a potential person does render it worthy of some degree of respect and moral value.
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