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Proces norymberski i powstanie warszawskie a literatura obozowa PRL

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Ostrowski M.

Oblicza Komunikacji

2013

vol. 6

137 - 151

For a long time after 1945 there was no institution in Europe that would create a European forum for an ideological and intellectual exchange. There was no international tribunal to which one could appeal from unjust judgments and wrong political decisions. The Nuremberg Tribunal certainly did not play such a role. Therefore, the enormity of the crimes committed in Poland could not be submitted as a complaint or an appeal directly to an institution representing the international public opinion. As a result, Polish martyrdom — a gigantic sacrifice of the population of the capital city during the Warsaw Uprising — was ideologically managed more or less successfully by socialist humanism. Infatuationwith the Marxist ideology and fear for the inviolability of borders prevented people from noticing that Germany of the 1950s and 1960s was not only an imperialist peril and hotbed of revisionism, but also a European state seeking integration with other European countries, a state with a vision of common supranational European values. The prison and concentration camp literature in communist Poland was a very specific phenomenon. The sheer number of works by authors little known in the world of literature makes us think about the political context of using these texts.

Zbrodnie przeciwko ludzkości w myśli prawnej Herscha Lauterpachta

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Bryl A.

Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda

2019

vol. 2

issue 1(3)

50-61

Zbrodnie przeciwko ludzkości to jedna z czterech kategorii zbrodni prawa międzynarodowego, obok ludobójstwa, zbrodni wojennych i zbrodni agresji. Mimo, że koncepcja zbrodni przeciwko ludzkości znana jest prawu międzynarodowemu co najmniej od czasu umieszczenia ich w Karcie MTW w Norymberdze, samo pojęcie wciąż nie jest do końca jasne. Pełne jego zrozumienie wymaga zatem prześledzenia ich rodowodu ideowego, w tym zwłaszcza okoliczności, które sprawiły, że pojawiły się one jako jeden z zarzutów stawianych w procesie przed MTW. Kluczową rolę w umieszczeniu ich w Karcie MTW przypisuje się Herschowi Lauterpachtowi, który w swojej wcześniejszej twórczości nie podejmował co prawda problematyki zbrodni przeciwko ludzkości, jednak ich fundamenty aksjologiczne i normatywne, można wyinterpretować z całokształtu jego dorobku naukowego.

Crimes against humanity is one of the four major categories of international crimes together with genocide, war crimes and the crime of aggression. Although the concept of crimes against humanity has been recognized in international law since its inclusion in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, the very idea of this crime still seems elusive. In order to properly understand its character, the analysis of its philosophical and doctrinal background will be conducted, with a special emphasis on circumstances that led to placing crimes against humanity among the charges during the Nuremberg trial. It is believed that it was Hersch Lauterpacht who contributed to this development, which may seem surprising, considering the fact that he had never taken up the issue of crimes against humanity in his research. Ethical and normative foundations of the concept can however be traced throughout his work in the field of international law.

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1 Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda

1 Oblicza Komunikacji

1 Bryl A.

1 Ostrowski M.

1 2019

1 2013

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Proces norymberski i powstanie warszawskie a literatura obozowa PRL

Zbrodnie przeciwko ludzkości w myśli prawnej Herscha Lauterpachta