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Czynniki kształtujące obrót gruntami rolnymi w Polsce

100%
Marks-Bielska R.
Świat Nieruchomości
|
2016
|
issue 3(97)
23-30
PL
Celem badań i analiz, których wyniki przedstawiono w niniejszym artykule była identyfikacja czynników mających wpływ na obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce. Wykorzystano dane ANR i GUS. Zrealizowano też badania bezpośrednie wśród rolników z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Zidentyfikowano m.in. czynniki rynkowe (np. wielkość zasobu decydującego o stronie podażowej, popyt na ziemię, cenę), uregulowania prawne poszczególnych form użytkowania ziemi, koszty transakcyjne, a także takie właściwości, które wynikają ze specyfiki ziemi jako zasobu (np. niepowiększalność, nieprzemieszczalność). W regionach, w których w przeszłości dominowało rolnictwo państwowe (jak np. analizowane woj. warmińsko-mazurskie) obok rynku prywatnego (międzysąsiedzkiego) funkcjonuje państwowy rynek ziemi rolniczej (grunty Skarbu Państwa, którymi zarządza ANR). Rynki te wzajemnie się przenikają, tym mocniej im większe uprawnienia otrzymuje ANR. Wzorem krajów zachodnich aktualnym zadaniem dla polityki rolnej w Polsce jest opracowanie, uchwalenie i wdrożenie ustawy dotyczącej dzierżawy rolniczej
EN
The aim of the research and the analysis, the results of which are presented in this paper, was to identify factors affecting trade in agricultural property in Poland. The data of the Agricultural Property Agency (APA) and the Central Statistical Office (CSO) were used. Moreover, direct research among farmers of Warmia and Mazury Voivodeship was carried out. Among others, market factors (e.g. the size of the resource determining the supply side, the demand for land, price), legal regulations of particular forms of land use, transaction costs, as well as those properties that result from the specificity of the land as a resource (e.g. the lack of the possibility to enlarge it, the lack of the possibility to move it) were identified. In the regions where the state agriculture prevailed in the past (e.g. the analysed Warmia and Mazury Voivodeship), in addition to the private market (between neighbours), the national market of agricultural land operates (the land of the State Treasury, which is managed by the APA). These markets penetrate each other, the more the greater the entitlements for the APA are. Following western countries, the current task for agricultural policy in Poland is the development, adoption and implementation of the law concerning agricultural lease
2
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Prawne aspekty kwalifikacji stosunku prawnego jako umowy kontraktacji w świetle orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych

80%
Leśkiewicz K., Lipińska I.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
|
vol. 66
153-167
PL
The object of considerations is legal issue of qualification of legal relations as cultivation contract in accordance with article 613–622 of Civil Code. Cultivation contract has productive character. Its subject is closely related to the manufacturing process in agriculture, where at the same time it is important starting position in the chain of supply of agricultural products, although sometimes it is regarded by mistake as sale or delivery contract. Judicial decisions, analyzed in the article confirm the existence of several model features, which occurence in particular legal relationship makes it a part of cultivation contract. While lack of characteristic features for code model of contracting causes that the agreement is not recognized as cultivation contract in the meaning of article 613–626 of Civil Code. Features of cultivation contract highlighted in the judicial practice can be divided into features so called connected with subjective aspects – parties to the contract and features connected with object of the contract. Party to the contract may be agricultural producer, who produces agricultural products in his own farm in productive process, and provides it to contracting person, and of course contracting person (most often entrepreneur). The subject of performance is “facere” – production and delivery of fixed amount of agricultural products, produced in own farm.
3

Prawne aspekty kwalifikacji stosunku prawnego jako umowy kontraktacji w świetle orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych

80%
Leśkiewicz K., Lipińska I.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
|
vol. 66
153-167
PL
The object of considerations is legal issue of qualification of legal relations as cultivation contract in accordance with article 613–622 of Civil Code. Cultivation contract has productive character. Its subject is closely related to the manufacturing process in agriculture, where at the same time it is important starting position in the chain of supply of agricultural products, although sometimes it is regarded by mistake as sale or delivery contract. Judicial decisions, analyzed in the article confirm the existence of several model features, which occurence in particular legal relationship makes it a part of cultivation contract. While lack of characteristic features for code model of contracting causes that the agreement is not recognized as cultivation contract in the meaning of article 613–626 of Civil Code. Features of cultivation contract highlighted in the judicial practice can be divided into features so called connected with subjective aspects – parties to the contract and features connected with object of the contract. Party to the contract may be agricultural producer, who produces agricultural products in his own farm in productive process, and provides it to contracting person, and of course contracting person (most often entrepreneur). The subject of performance is “facere” – production and delivery of fixed amount of agricultural products, produced in own farm.
4
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Status prawny spółki cywilnej jako beneficjenta pomocy dla rolników (zagadnienia wybrane)

80%
Hasińska I.
Studia Iuridica
|
2017
|
vol. 72
165-177
PL
The paper discusses the issues relating to classifying a private partnership as a separate entity – an agricultural producer. Such a classification affects the existing arrangements both in civil-law theory and practice. It goes beyond the traditional division of legal entities into natural and legal persons and confers upon a private partnership the features of an individualized and specific organizational unit. It also excludes a partner (or partners) of a private partnership from the group of entities eligible to apply for and to be granted an agricultural subsidy, which consequently results in questing statutory rules of cooperation within a private partnership. The paper aims at assessing the laid down criteria and indicating solutions relating to various opinions on legal nature of a private partnership. Additionally, the article points out the regulations which decide about the active capacity of a given entity. The Author concludes that a private partnership is nothing other than a form of cooperation among entrepreneurs-partners. If there is no entity but only the obligation to cooperate, it makes it difficult to give such an obligation a status of an agricultural producer. The legal construct of this relationship includes a clear regulation specifying who and how acquires the rights – the entitled partners and for the benefit of partners. Granting legal personality to a private partnership is against the intention of the legislator.
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