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EN
This article is concerned with the development of the professional orientation of secondary school students in the context of cooperation between the school and the family.
EN
The research deals with the analysis of the ways of stimulation future agrarians’ professional orientation in the process of forming their sociocultural competence. It is underlined that motivation of educational activity is realized by application students’ internal reasons based on their professional interests and needs in sociocultural information. Forming sociocultural competence is impossible without person’s needs, his/her internal reasons. The motives for sociocultural interaction occur when sociocultural knowledge is available. Sociocultural interaction is possible if there is the origin of motivation for the activity. Professional importance of humanitarian knowledge increases by realizing the principle of professional orientation in the process of humanitarian disciplines study. Studying such disciplines as Foreign Language, Ukrainian for Specific Purposes, History of Ukraine, Ukrainian Culture, Sociology provides cognition of native and foreign countries, national character and mentality; develop person’s qualities. The comparative study of foreign and native cultures is examined as a mechanism of activation person’s motivational sphere that is insufficient amount of sociocultural knowledge related to understanding the use of speech etiquette, codes of conduct in the situations of foreign communication actualizes students’ need in information about the features of foreign countries that can be a cognitive reason. As the result the features of stimulating future agrarians’ professional orientation in the process of humanitarian disciplines study are highlighted. The tasks that must be decided in the process of humanitarian disciplines study to achieve effective results for forming sociocultural competence are distinguished as well. The conclusion of the research shows that effective organization of educational process assists development future agrarians’ cognitive activity and personal interest for forming sociocultural competence. The practical meaning of the study is the science-based pedagogical condition which was experimentally tested can be implemented in the educational process of agrarian universities. The subject to further scientific research will focus on the characterization of other pedagogical conditions for forming future agrarians’ sociocultural competence in the process of humanitarian disciplines study.
EN
The concept of professional self-determination of high school students is analyzed in the article. And the main factors of this process in the general educational institution are characterized here. Solving the problem of self-determination of younger generation in their profession is the one of the most important social-pedagogical tasks of modern society. The development of technology and informative spheres of society demand the clear separating of specialists between branches of the economy and the awareness of youth their place and role of the professional contribution in the development of people. The further self-realization, creative and innovative activities, which are directed on the improvement of existing society and the state, depend on the conscious choice of professional way. Despite some positive results the professional guidance doesn’t achieve its main goal in modern conditions – formation the self-determination of students, which corresponds to individual needs of every personality and staffing needs of society. The main methods of the research in this article are the theoretical analysis of philosophical and psychological and pedagogical literature of studied problem, which help to define the concept of the professional self-determination and the general factors of incipience of this phenomenon in the educational process of general educational institution. The professional self-determination is the long term process of harmonization of personal and social needs during all life. Besides, the concept of the professional self-determination is closely related with concept of the professional socialization, which means the certain level of social professional identity. It is meant the identification of oneself as the representative of the certain profession. The main contradiction in the process of the professional self-determination is that this process is bilateral and consist the objective and subjective dimension. The pedagogical activity, which is aimed at shaping of the professional self-determination of high school students, is defined as one of the most important area of work. There is also defined the main groups of factors of this process: macrofactors, middlefactors and microfactors. The main prospective ways of further investigation are the designing of methods of forming of skills of self-determination of students in the choice of the profession in the conditions of modern general educational institution.
EN
There can be supposed that some personal traits can make preconditions in choosing the professional orientation, so altruism and empathy expressiveness also could, despite the fact that their expressiveness can change depending from age, what also was observed in this study. The aim of the research is to study the connection between altruism and empathy expressiveness particularities in persons, who work in different professional orientation. The study selection (N = 125) consisted of working-age men (M = 35,19; SD = 10,918) and women (M = 38,98; SD = 12,611). In the study are used the following methods: The Self-Report Altruism scale, SRA (Rushton, Chrisjohn, Fekken 1981), Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, BEES (Mehrabian, Epstein 1997). In the research found that the correlation between altruism and empathy expressiveness is significant in profession group that is based on person ñ person relationships. This study allows to draw parallels with other empathy and altruism researches, and also is observed the link between phenomenaís and their relationship with the studied professional orientations.
EN
The article describes different approaches to the scientists definition of students' professional orientation as an integrated personal feature; it justifies the opportunities of volunteering in the context of the formation of professional orientation of future specialists in the humanities. The author presents a form of volunteer work, called “The Volunteer Academy”.
EN
It is shown that teaching of Physics in secondary and higher technical school is based on fundamentals and has important competing aspects: fundamental physics as a natural science and fundamental worldview as the basis of technical specialty. Therefore there is a need for optimal incorporation of these features in the organization and conduct of sessions. There are a number of traditional issues in Physics as worldview science that should be considered in lectures, practical seminars and student conferences. The great mystery of physics is the problem of dualism, when electromagnetic waves and light waves can be also the particles. But in explaining the nature of light wave approach obviously contradicts to the corpuscular approach. From the point of view of the wave theory light is a wave and in accordance with the principle of Huygens each point of the wave surface is a source of new waves. The light from the point can pass to the point of observation. And from the point of view of corpuscular theory light is seen as a beam of particles  photons. Because the photon has momentum, it cannot pass to the point of observation. Hence, wave and corpuscular approaches are in contradiction and cannot explain the problem for hundreds of years. This means a wrong approach. The wave is the wrong approach for wave propagation environment is required. Huygens believed this environment was hypothetical “ether”. We know that the “ether” does not exit. Consistent explanation is that there are in fact fundamentally different waves  waves without environment. This is the wave of particles that fly with internal oscillation motion. Similarly, as is the spread of light photons moving in space that are in the process of oscillatory type: energy→mass→energy→mass→... The possibility of such oscillatory process follows from the known relationship between mass and energy: Similar oscillations occur in other wavelengths. In particular, radio waves  waves and particles too, but in books on radio engineering or physics this is not said. It is suggested opinions that the fundamental problem questions of physics should be the subject of discussion with the students, so they should be considered in lectures, practical seminars and student conferences. It helps to enhance the learning process and develop a creative atmosphere, which is important for the formation of future specialists.
EN
The article outlines the essence of motivational readiness of future teachers for professional activity, stability of motivation and orientation to the pedagogical profession. The author describes three groups of motives and leading factors in professional orientation. The results of the experimental study of the level of students' motivation readiness for future pedagogical activity using the method of studying the direction of B. Bass and the adapted variant of the method of diagnostics of the person for motivation to the success of T. Ehlers are presented. According to the research, over 73% of the respondents in the control groups and 75.2% in the experimental groups showed a low and medium level of motivation readiness for pedagogical activity (only about 5% of the students showed a high level according to the studied indicators). It is proved that traditional approaches to professional training of teachers do not provide the proper level of formation of the personality orientation of the future specialist on the pedagogical activity, and, therefore, on the formation of their readiness to this activity. The expediency of introducing corresponding corrections into the content and procedural component of the teacher training, the need of development and introduction of new approaches in the educational process of higher education is substantiated.
EN
In the article the modern scientists’ opinions on the problem of the future elementary school teachers’ professional and pedagogical training, connected with the contradictions between the aim at the humanization of the “teacher – pupil” relations and the level of the future teachers’ readiness to the interaction with the pupils are given. The article is aimed at the consideration of the essence of the future teachers’ readiness to the professional activity as a psychological phenomenon and links ascertainment between such notions as “readiness to the activity”, “professional readiness” and “professional orientation”. It is worth noticing that there isn’t unity in the approaches to the phenomenon “readiness” observance in the psychological and pedagogical sources analyzed by the authors. Different scientists determine readiness as a special mental state, structural personal formation, personal characteristic or quality. In turn, the professional orientation is defined as an interest to the profession and inclination to occupy with it. The personal readiness to the certain kind of activity defining implies revealing upon such components as motivationally-cognitive, communicative, designing and structural, operational, estimating and regulating. Each of the components of the future teachers’ readiness to the professional activity listed presupposes such elements of the pedagogical reflection availability as self-rating, self-control, self-questioning, self-regulation as well as self-prediction and self-correction. The authors of the article came to the conclusion about the scientific understanding of the future teachers’ readiness to the professional functions carrying out as an integral multicomponent formation, which has such characteristics as positive motivation, personal qualities, students’ need in the pedagogical reflection as well as their mastering with the technology of the junior schoolchildren studying and humanistic up-bringing. Such understanding of the readiness gives grounds for the scientifically based researches of the issues connected with the future elementary school teachers’ professional training.
EN
Profiling students in sport in the modern system of education can be the key to the formation of a harmonious personality with high level of development of physical qualities of students, the appropriate level of intelligence and patriotism. The current status of physical education in school does not fully prepare healthy and educated member of society, who could choose the future profession due to the profile direction during training in secondary schools. The approach to the introduction of special courses on sport in the educational process of students is proposed in the article. The aim of the sports of specialized education is the implementation education tasks, as well as providing opportunities for equal access of young people who are not involved in sports, to obtain the General education core and the initial pre-professional preparation in physical education. The profile sports classes must combine the implementation of General educational objectives with the objectives of directional and special education, that is education means chosen sport in the complex interactions: theoretical knowledge, the formation of skills in the chosen sport; development of physical qualities and health promotion; the formation of cognitive and creative abilities in sports industry; deliberate psychological education and improvement, the formation of civic and Patriotic feelings. The results of the study indicate that students of the core classes have interest on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the field of physical education and sport and the desire for constant improvement. The results of this study suggest the decline in the prestige of the teacher of physical culture and trainer, as well as a lack of legislative base in the field of physical education and sport in our state. Relevant in the modern secondary school is a specialisation of education through sport in the context of the European choice of the state and the implementation of the educational program of the school curriculum of courses. The next step of the national policy of education specialization in sport, in our opinion, is to develop new Provisions for specialized classes and model programs with theoretical and practical disciplines, which would take into account the current socio-economic condition of the state and tendencies of development of Olympic and professional sports.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu pokazanie aspektów pracy obecnych w nowych programach preorientacji, orientacji i doradztwa zawodowego wprowadzanych do systemu edukacji. Proaktywna postawa dzieci i młodzieży wobec pracy jest odpowiedzią na dynamiczne zmiany cywilizacyjne i społeczne, które na nadchodzące lata formułują nową definicję pracy.
EN
The article aims to show the aspects of „work” present in new pre-orientation, orientation and career counselling programs introduced into the education system. The proactive attitude of children and youth towards work is a response to dynamic civilizational and social changes that will formulate a new definition of work for the coming years.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań, których celem było poznanie odpowiedzi na problem główny zawarty w pytaniu: jakie orientacje zawodowe przejawia młodzież niedostosowana społecznie płci męskiej umieszczona w Młodzieżowym Ośrodku Wychowawczym? Placówka, w której zrealizowano badania, jest przeznaczona dla chłopców niedostosowanych społecznie w wieku 13–18 lat będących w normie intelektualnej. W postępowaniu badawczym została przyjęta strategia ilościowa, która wpisała się w paradygmat pozytywistyczny. Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą metody indywidualnych przypadków, do której dobrano technikę testu. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił wystandaryzowany kwestionariusz „Moja kariera”. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwoliły poznać orientacje na karierę zawodową wśród grupy nieletnich.
EN
The study presents the results of the research, the aim of which was to get to know the answer to the main problem included in the question: what kind of professional orientation present maladjusted youth placed in the Youth Educational Center? The institution where the research was carried out is intended for socially maladjusted boys aged 13–18 who are in the intellectual norm. A quantitative strategy was adopted in the research procedure, that became part of the positivist paradigm. The research was carried out using the individual case method, to which the test technique was selected. The research tool was a standardized questionnaire „My Career”. The obtained results of the research allowed to know the orientations for a professional career among the group of minors.
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