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EN
The article aims at providing explications of the concept of a class, as it is implemented in the Swift programming language offered by Apple. The explications are framed in Minimal English, which is based on the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Detailed analysis of the Swift concept of class leads to four distinct core explications of the programming construct in question and the related feature that Swift classes possess, namely the concept of property. The article’s primary purpose is to offer a more smooth experience with programming, especially with beginners in mind. Their initial exposure to programming might face several challenges due to the complicated digital jargon of the documentation. Minimal English is implemented to ease the learning curve and promote digital literacy as one of the most fundamental skills in today’s world.
EN
The article examines the model and programs for the socioeconomic development of Wales. As a result of a devolution process, Wales gained the possibility of independently programming its developing policy in the 21st century. Wales is also a major beneficiary of European structural funds, as a result of which its national strategies must be in line with the priorities of European regional policy. The main value of the article is that it assesses, in a uniform analytical arrangement, the most important strategic long-term and medium-term documents of Wales, including a plan for the regional development of the country, a long-term concept for environmental policy, a medium-term strategy of socioeconomic development and a section of the National Strategic Reference Framework for 2007-2013 applying to Wales. All these documents represent an internally consistent arrangement, which also applies to studies prepared for the needs of the European Union. The analysis shows that Wales, taking advantage of the process of devolution, adopted a modern model of socioeconomic development oriented toward building a knowledge-based society. Logical and internally consistent development activities are especially important to an effective economic policy. An analysis of the Welsh socioeconomic policy and its EU context reveals that many of this country’s experiences may be applied in other EU countries and regions, in keeping with the principle of promoting best practices. Because Poland faces development challenges similar to those embraced by Wales over the past few years, the final part of the text presents the most important conclusions and recommendations for Poland.
EN
Currently, the most important preconditions for efficient development of the Russian economy include improvement of production infrastructure, use of advanced technologies and scientific support of economic processes, both nationally and in certain regions. In this connection, scientific development, the performing of fundamental and applied research, activation of innovative activity of Russian enterprises and integration of science and production have become the most relevant issues. As it is proved in practice, programming is an efficient tools for management of sectorial processes and may be effectively applied in coordination of the development of scientific processes in a certain territory. Aspects of programming evolution and the peculiarities and prospects of the use of this toolset under modern economic conditions are considered in this article, along with recommendations for improvement of management of Russian scientific and research activity. The authors also designed an algorithm for a scientific and research activity development program at the regional level that produces a systemic vision of the conditions necessary for implementation of scientific and innovative potential of the development of the economy of a certain territory. This algorithm produces a detailed understanding of the conditions necessary for implementation of the scientific and innovative potential of the development of a regional economy. Moreover, this algorithm assists in forming an efficient toolset for management of scientific and research activity and improving the competitiveness of the territorial economy.
4
100%
|
2017
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
51-55
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto problematykę programowania w edukacji formalnej i nieformalnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wczesnej edukacji dziecka. Analizie poddano założenia podstawy programowej wchodzącej w życie we wrześniu 2017 r. w świetle dostępnych raportów i zagranicznych praktyk.
EN
The article presents the issue of programming in formal and informal education in early childhood education. In this paper program basis from September 2017 in the light of available reports and foreign practices was analyzed.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie jest propozycją nauczania programowania języka C/C++ bazującego na platformie Arduino dla III etapu edukacyjnego. Programowanie mikrokontrolerów daje możli-wość nabycia szerokich kompetencji techniczno-informatycznych użytecznych zarówno w warun-kach szkolnych (uczelnianych), jak i pozaszkolnych. W przekonaniu autora może wpłynąć na: poszerzenie horyzontów wiedzy techniczno-informatycznej, wybór dalszej ścieżki edukacyjnej, rozbudzenie nowych zainteresowań możliwych do urzeczywistniania także w czasie wolnym.
EN
This paper proposes teaching programming of language C/C++ based on the Arduino plat-form for the III education stage. Programming microcontrollers gives the opportunity of gaining a wide expertise in information technology useful both in school (university) as well as extracur-ricular activities. In the author’s opinion it may influence: broadening the horizons of information technology knowledge, the choice of future educational path, awakening new interests possible to realize also in spare time.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problemy związane z nauką języków programowania w polskim systemie oświaty. Analizując treści podręczników do nauki informatyki i technologii informacyjnej z kilkunastu ostatnich lat zwrócono uwagę na ewolucję, jakim podlegały programy nauczania języ-ków programowania. Zwrócono uwagę na motywy, jakimi kierowano się przy wyborze konkret-nych języków programowania. Wskazano na postępujący proces wykorzystywania przy pisaniu programów komputerowych coraz bardziej złożonych, a tym samym coraz trudniejszych do opa-nowania platform programistycznych. Uwzględniając obecny stan wiedzy dotyczący bezpieczeń-stwa programów, zwłaszcza tych wykorzystywanych w sieci, wskazano na trudności, na jakie natrafić mogą początkujący programiści przy pisaniu funkcjonalnych, a jednocześnie bezpiecznych aplikacji. Zaprezentowano pogląd, że obecnie nauką programowania powinni zostać objęci tylko najzdolniejsi uczniowie/studenci, którzy będą w stanie sprostać niezwykle rygorystycznym wyma-ganiom związanym z zapewnieniem odpowiedniego bezpieczeństwa projektowanych aplikacji.
EN
In this article problems related to the process of learning of programming languages in the Polish educational system are presented. By analyzing the content of computer science and infor-mation technology textbooks over the last several years, the evolution of programs of programming languages teaching is emphasized. The main reasons for a choice of a specific programming language are presented. It is argued that in order to create new computer programs, more advanced and demanding programming platforms are being used. Taking into account the state of the art knowledge about security of computer programs, especially those used within the network, it is mentioned that an unexperienced programmer may encounter a number of difficulties in the creation of both func-tional and safe applications. An argument is made that at present only the most talented students should be attracted to program-writing, as only such students would be able to meet the highly demanding requirements related to an appropriate level of security of the designed applications.
EN
Till contemporary period there have been many different theoretical ways, which deal with the content and quality of teaching. Their common aim is to consider improving the quality of teaching to students and also pedagogues. Communication approach to teaching (further CAT) is based on the optimization of the amount and retention of knowledge and the character of subject matter achieved by means of improvement of students' motivation and applying the utilization of the knowledge in a real context. The purpose of this article is to suggest applying the CAT method mainly used during teaching foreign languages in teaching programming by means of Pascal programming language. It is recommended that the reader of this article attempts to apply the presented pieces of knowledge in teaching programming languages when reading the following chapter. Then, he (she) will be able to understand the following chapters better.
EN
Starting from the findings a Romanian research group gathered during the project “Models of mass-media consumption in the Romanian rural world: traditional identities, European identities” of the Faculty of Journalism and Communication Studies, University of Bucharest, this article identifies some risk factors in the conceptual design of an audiovisual programme for the rural world. These factors are: (1) differences in the definitions of the public - in our case, the Romanian peasant - as they are held by the journalist, the programme editor, the sources and by the public itself; (2) a quasi-general lack of vision about the future of the rural world, based on a lack of information; and (3) deficiency in applying journalistic information gathering techniques and text writing rules. The conclusions are based on media product analysis of business journalism programmes broadcast by the Romanian public broadcasting services for rural audiences and on questionnaire-based and in-depth interviewing with potential members of the public.
EN
The paper presents the results of the research conducted in 2018 among 240 randomly selected teachers from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. It aimed at recognizing the main barriers and difficulties that teachers face while implementing the elements of computational thinking and coding into IT education in grades I-III. Such changes have been introduced recently into the primary school curriculum by the Ministry of Education in Poland. The data collected from the surveys and the individual interviews allowed for identifying the main problems, among which the lack of experience and limited access to educational materials are the most commonly listed. The participants of the research study were also supposed to take the test aimed at verifying their general knowledge of IT tools as well as their programming skills. While the first one could be assessed as satisfactory the level of the later was much lower than expected. During the interviews, the teachers also complained that activities such as planning, analyzing and constructing exercises corresponding with the level of children's maturity are time-consuming. Relatively high number of students in the classes and insufficient infrastructure also do not help to ease the problem.
EN
Despite employing various programming languages on different course majors, teaching novice programmers on technical departments is a complex issue in many countries worldwide. References have been given to the analyses of the most common programming errors encountered by students, and to the attempts to aid students in eradicating these errors. Aiding students was based each time on automatic teacher's advices to common errors, so it encompassed easing teacher's efforts as well. One of the key skill that novice programmers have to master is to independently correct errors in code. While this is only a part of the required skills, it demands the knowledge of language syntax and testing rules as well as the understanding of code semantics and algorithm. The author proposes in the paper a new method of teaching the skills of correcting code, which is based on correcting ready-made code samples which contain purposely-made errors. The supporting tool is the typical IDE that students use in their everyday work. In this way a controlled learning environment is created, where the number and the type of errors, as well as the error messages generated by IDE are predefined. Such an environment is much better defined that during a typical assignment where the student is supposed to write a program from scratch. The author suggests using distance learning tools for teaching and for skills verification with the above described method. The new method has been applied to the Computer Science course taught in the Process Control and Robotics major.
EN
By the green point of view, supply chain management (SCM), which contains supplier and location selection, production, distribution, and inventory decisions, is an important subject being examined in recent years by both practitioners and academicians. In this paper, the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network that can be mutually agreed by meeting at the level of common satisfaction of conflicting objectives is designed. We construct a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MOMILP) model that allows decision-makers to more effectively manage firms’ closed-loop green supply chain (SC). An ecological perspective is brought by carrying out the recycling, remanufacturing and destruction to SCM in our proposed model. Maximize the rating of the regions in which they are located, minimize total cost and carbon footprint are considered as the objectives of the model. By constructing our model, the focus of customer satisfaction is met, as well as the production, location of facilities and order allocation are decided, and we also carry out the inventory control of warehouses. In our multi-product multi-component multi-time-period model, the solution is obtained with a fuzzy approach by using the min operator of Zimmermann. To illustrate the model, we provide a practical case study, and an optimal result containing a preferable level of satisfaction to the decision-maker is obtained.
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie programowania rozwoju ekonomii społecznej jako potencjalnego przedmiotu analiz socjologicznych. Zagadnienie to było do tej pory rzadko poruszane przez badaczy. Obecnie coraz częściej pojawia się zapotrzebowanie na łączenie działań uwzględniających rachunek ekonomiczny z działaniami społecznymi nakierowanymi na pomoc człowiekowi zagrożonemu marginalizacją. Jednocześnie stopniowo zwiększane są środki finansowe przeznaczane na działania związane z ekonomią społeczną. Warto w związku z tym przyjrzeć się strukturze i procesowi programowania tych działań na rożnych szczeblach – europejskim, krajowym, regionalnym i lokalnym. Programowanie strategiczne nabiera kluczowego znaczenia, szczególnie dla jakości zarządzania sprawami publicznymi, gdyż brak efektywnych układów instytucjonalnych oraz systemów programowania prowadzi do ograniczenia procesów rozwojowych państwa. Z socjologicznego punktu widzenia w zakresie programowania rozwoju ekonomii społecznej interesujące mogą być zagadnienia związane z dostosowaniem planowanych działań do specyfiki i problemów, jakie występują na rożnych poziomach, oraz to, czy mają one realne szanse powodzenia.
EN
The main purpose of this article is to present programming the development of social economy as a potential subject of sociological analysis. This problem has so far been rarely discussed by the researchers. Today, there is a growing need to combine measures taking into account the economic balance of the social activities directed to help a man threatened with marginalization. At the same time the financial resources allocated for activities related to social economy are being gradually increased. It is, therefore, worth looking at the structure and process of programming these measures at different levels ‒ European, national, regional and local. Strategic programming becomes crucial, especially for the quality of governance, because the lack of effective institutional arrangements and programming systems leads to a reduction of developmental processes of a state. The topics related to adjustment of planned activities to the specifics and problems that exist at different levels and their chances of becoming successful may be interesting from a sociological point of view in programming the development of social economy.
PL
W opracowaniu poruszono problematykę zajęć z zakresu robotyki i programowania dla dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym. Dokonano analizy ofert zamieszczonych na stronach internetowych twórców kursów w świetle dostępnej literatury.
EN
This paper addresses issues from the area of robotics and programming for children in preschool and early school age. It presents an analysis that shows courses offered by authors on the website according to selected literature.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wybrane problemy dotyczące tworzenia aplikacji mobilnych dla systemu Android na przykładzie programu „kalkulator”. Zademonstrowano możliwości dydaktycznego zastosowania tego rodzaju projektów.
EN
The paper presents selected problems concerning the development of mobile applications for Android on the example of the calculator program. The author demonstrated the possibilities of didactic application of this type of projects.
15
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Programowanie dla najmłodszych

75%
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 4
332-338
PL
W artykule odniesiono się do propozycji zmian podstawy programowej w zakresie informatyki dla pierwszego szczebla edukacyjnego. Idea wprowadzenia nauki programowania dla dzieci z klas I–III wydaje się dobrą propozycją, aczkolwiek wymagającą zdaniem autora większego uszczegółowienia w zakresie sposobu realizacji.
EN
In the article, reference is made to the proposals for changes to the core curriculum in the field of computer science for the first level of education. The idea of introducing programming science for children from classes I-III seems to be a good proposal, but requires the author's opinion more detail in terms of how to implement.
EN
The final consumer of business principles of investor, and the design decisions always on end as final customer also. Then he be able to the best evaluate really or object fulfils his needs. However senior is specific customer, often about individual needs, expectations, opinions. Is fulfilment in one object these varied individual needs for tens persons possible? Or it is possible to guarantee the content conditions of residence as well as spending of time in “new house” the house of senior is what? It it one concrete example of commercial object was tried was how to show exante evaluations they stood helpful in qualification of needs, expectations and standards. It was presented was way the thinkings with the help of investor as well as possibility of realization architectural methods. It problems were described was programmings and undertaking important financial decisions as well as funktional-spatial.
PL
Wejście w życie pakietu rozporządzeń dotyczących okresu programowania 2014-2020 skłania do refleksji na temat spójności tego procesu na poziomie unijnym i krajowym. Jest to istotne z punktu widzenia systemu wydatkowania środków unijnych w Polsce. Wejście w życie z początkiem roku pakietu rozporządzeń kończy dyskusję na temat wieloletnich ram finansowych na poziomie unijnym i rozpoczyna oficjalnie prace na poziomie krajowym. Zadania państw członkowskich na tym etapie są kluczowe, ponieważ dotyczą nie tylko przełożenia priorytetów rozwojowych UE na poziom krajowy, ale także konstrukcji systemu zarządzania zgodnie z zasadą zintegrowanego podejścia do rozwoju regionalnego. Dlatego celem artykułu jest analiza spójności procesu programowania na lata 2014-2020 na poziomie unijnym i krajowym.
EN
Entry into force of the regulations concerning the programming period 2014-2020 tends to reflect on the integrity of the process at the EU and national level. This is important from the point of view of the system of spending of EU funds in Poland. Entry into force at the beginning of the package of regulations ends the discussion on the Multiannual Financial Framework at the EU level and officially begins work at the national level. Tasks of the Member States at this stage are crucial because they relate not only to transform the priorities of EU development on the national level, but also the construction management system in accordance with the principle of an integrated approach to regional development. Therefore the aim of the article is to analyse the cohesion of the programming process for the period 2014-2020 at the EU and national level.
EN
The problem of the aging society occupies an important position in the policies of the European Union. With the development of new technologies, the progressing digitalisation, and the evolution of the information society, the digital exclusion of seniors increases. The Silver Code Project focuses on discovering new solutions to prevent this phenomenon, offering education in programming as an opportunity to boost seniors’ ICT skills. As part of the project, an initial diagnosis was conducted regarding the level of social exclusion of seniors in partner countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Slovenia) as well as their expectation interest in programming courses and expectations for such courses the methods of implementation. Based on the results of the conducted research, it may be stated that even beginner computer users may be interested in programming, and they expect to be taught with the use of traditional as well as innovative methods. What motivates them to undertake education in programming is the will to participate in social life and understand how digital reality is created.
PL
Problem starzejącego się społeczeństwa zajmuje jedno z centralnych miejsc w polityce Unii Europejskiej. Wraz z dynamicznym rozwojem nowych technologii, postępującą cyfryzacją i ewolucją społeczeństwa informacyjnego nasila się wykluczenie cyfrowe osób starszych. Projekt Silver Code zogniskowany jest na poszukiwanie nowych rozwiązań zapobiegających temu zjawisku, proponując edukację w obszarze programowania jako możliwość podniesienia umiejętności seniorów w zakresie ICT. W ramach projektu przeprowadzona została wstępna diagnoza poziomu wykluczenia społecznego seniorów w krajach partnerskich (Austrii, Bułgarii, Włoszech, Polsce, Portugalii, Rumunii i Słowenii), a także ich oczekiwań w zakresie ich zainteresowania kursami programowania oraz oczekiwań w odniesieniu do takich kursów i metod, jakimi powinny być one realizowane. W efekcie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, iż nawet początkujący użytkownicy komputerów mogą być zainteresowani problematyką programowania, oczekując zarówno tradycyjnych, jak i innowacyjnych metod szkoleniowych. Motywacją do podjęcia edukacji w zakresie programowania jest chęć partycypacji w życiu społecznym, a także zrozumienie sposobu, w jaki kreowana jest cyfrowa rzeczywistość.
PL
Artyzm czy rzemiosło? Jakże często to pytanie można odnieść do nauczania informatyki w szkole. Przy czym nie chodzi tylko o przykłady oczywiste, związane z tworzeniem grafiki komputerowej czy projektowaniem witryn WWW, gdzie oprócz rzemieślniczej znajomości narzędzi informatycznych pojawia się wątek kreatywności, zmysłu artystycznego ucznia. Warto przejrzeć się choćby umiejętnościom związanym z myśleniem algorytmicznym i programowaniem, bardzo ważnym wobec właśnie wprowadzanych zmian programowych w nauczaniu informatyki. Dziś programowanie, także wobec bogactwa narzędzi, ale przede wszystkim w związku z inwencją ucznia, daje pełne pole do ujawnienia niekonwencjonalnych pomysłów, oryginalnego sposobu myślenia, nieszablonowych rozwiązań. Słowem, może być sztuką wbrew niekiedy kojarzącemu się z rzemiosłem słowu kodowanie.
EN
There is a longstanding debate whether computer science education is art or craft. There is no doubt that computer graphics and website design, apart from technical skills, require some degree of invention and creativity, some artistic sense. Maybe the same concerns skills related to algorithmic thinking and programming, which are very important in view of changes in the syllabus of IT teaching that are being introduced. Today, programming provides a possibility to reveal unconventional ideas, original thinking and unconventional solutions due to the wealth of tools and, above all, students’ inventiveness. Thus, it may be treated as art, contrary to the widespread belief that coding involves pure craft.
PL
Unia Europejska aktywnie zastosowała szereg narzędzi planistycznych i programowych w kształtowaniu procesów rozwoju, szczególnie w ramach implementacji polityki strukturalnej. Wdrożono skoordynowany w całej organizacji jednolity system wymagań stawiany wobec państw członkowskich, dając większą swobodę w kształtowaniu rozwiązań na poziomie kraju. Powstałe (ujęte nowelizowanym pod każdą wieloletnią perspektywę prawem wspólnotowym) rozwiązania spowodowały, że plany i programy były wdrażane zgodnie z przyjętymi w nich horyzontami czasowymi i szerokością zaplanowanej nimi interwencji, przyczyniając się tym samym do realnego kształtowania polityki rozwoju w wymiarze UE, a przez to również na poziomie poszczególnych krajów-beneficjentów polityki strukturalnej UE. Przedstawiona analiza obejmuje zarówno przygotowanie się Polski do członkostwa w latach 90-tych do roku 2004, pierwszy okres programowania obejmujący lata 2004-06, prace przygotowawcze i wdrożenie kolejnej perspektywy finansowej Wspólnoty na lata 2007-13, jak i wstępne propozycje wobec programowania UE po roku 2013.
EN
The European Union has effectively applied numerous planning and programming tools in shaping development processes, notably within structural policy implementation. In the whole organization a homogenous system of requirements concerning member states has been launched. Yet, much more freedom has been allowed in developing solutions on a country’s level. The development solutions (stipulated in the amended for each multi-year perspective legislation) have resulted in the fact that both plans and programmes have been launched in line with assumed time horizons and the scope of the intervention planned. This contributed to the real shape of development policy within the EU as well as in its member states – beneficiaries to the Union’s structural policy. The presented analysis discusses both Poland’s preparations to the EU membership in 1990’s to the year 2004, the first stage of programming within 2004-06, preparatory work and the launch of the Union’s financial perspective within 2007-2013 as well as initial concepts of the EU programming ahead of the year 2013.
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