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EN
An organizational culture, indicated in the literature as one out of the four main organizational conditions supporting project management has an essential meaning for the project execution . This article describes different types of organizational culture emphasizing especially these characteristics, which are particularly important for project implementation. Basing on the research results, it was possible in the article to identify the occurrence of the indications of project culture in enterprises executing projects and operating in Poland, and also to highlight the importance of project culture for effective project execution. The research results indicate that the increase of the intensity of attributes which are typical for project organization in organizational culture contributes to the suc-cessful project implementation. Consequently enterprises tending toward achieving better project results should develop in their organizations project culture.
EN
The purpose of this article is to consider and outline the historical and theoretical aspects of the available global experience in order to analyze the development of project thinking of the students of various art and art and pedagogical education establishments in its practical aspect. To achieve this goal theoretical and analytical-synthetical methods of research have been applied. The theoretical basis for methodologies of study and the practical experience in creation of a learning and creative environment to promote effective formation of project thinking of the students has been taking place in the Italian school of design, Riccardo Dalisi being one of its bright representatives. The primary experience in implementing basics of project work at education establishments of various degrees belongs to Great Britain, where this issue was developed by Bruce Archer and Nigel Cross. Special attention should be paid to the experience of developing project thinking of the students within the art education system of Japan where the teachers bring up children in accordance with the formula «head – heart – hands». In Russia the issues of developing design thinking have been studied by I. N. Abaeva, O. G. Kulikov, V. F. Sydorenko and V. S. Shkoliarov. The analysis of modern methodologies in teaching basics of project culture at foreign schools has shown that the corner stone in bringing up an all-round person is the project activity which forms such properties of human psychology as definition of objectives, forecasting and prediction of the results, ensures the development of interpersonal skills and the ability to mobilize a person’s own experience, and helps to discover the creative abilities which remain unrequested in common conditions. The entire system of education in foreign countries is aimed at development of a personality who can implement any creative idea with the help of project thinking, emotional perception and masterfulness. Based on the experience of the foreign countries in the development of project thinking of the students of educational establishments of various degrees we can conclude that the project culture can be formed and should be formed since childhood as a constituent element of any education. Project thinking can be formed only with the help of special methods and education technologies which need to be subdivided into a particular set of the subjects. The most important thing in this aspect is the unity of teaching all liberal arts through implementation of study assignments defined as projects.
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