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EN
The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries.  An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.
PL
The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries. An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.
Turyzm
|
2018
|
vol. 28
|
issue 2
61-66
PL
Transfer wiedzy z uczelni do podmiotów otoczenia społeczno-gospodarczego staje się obecnie coraz istotniejszym zadaniem w ramach misji uczelni. Wyzwanie to dotyczy także jednostek naukowych i naukowców prowadzących badania nad turystyką. W artykule przeprowadzono ocenę potencjału tego transferu, który można rozumieć jako zdolność do zaangażowania się we współpracę z podmiotami otoczenia. Wykorzystano w tym celu jedną z miar, tj. siłę naukową, mierzoną liczbą i tematyką projektów badawczych finansowanych przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Wyniki badania wskazują na relatywnie niską zdolność badaczy zajmujących się turystyką do pozyskiwania grantów badawczych. Jednak tematyka grantów i jej zróżnicowanie stanowią o istotnym potencjale transferu wiedzy.
EN
nologies research projects can be characterized by high level of risk and long-term horizon and they require significant capital expenditures, access to professional human resources and equipment. Due to the global financial crisis, the investors are unwilling to finance high risk research projects. Limited access to capital may slow down innovation research and restrain technological development. Thus, new technologies require innovative financing mechanisms to bridge the capital gap and continue research. The main aim of this paper is to identify the innovative financing mechanisms for new technologies based on the example of the biotechnology.
PL
Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
PL
 This article is about the situation in Ukraine, which allowed oral history to develop unrestrainedly in the post-Soviet period. The author distinguishes and analyses the development stages of this research approach and defines its distinctive features. Considerable attention is also paid to the analysis of numerous methodological strategies that were used by Ukrainian researchers to write papers based on oral history . The author also mentions numerous national and international projects organised by, or carried out with the participation of Ukrainian researchers. Furthermore, the research subjects undertaken by Ukrainian researchers have been ranked in order of priority. An institutional status is also described, along with the main trends and tendencies in the development of this research approach in Ukraine, which is also shown.
EN
This thematic issue focuses on two questions, namely – ‘what place does art occupy in qualitative sociological research?’; and ‘how can joined academic and artistic explorations address the problem of otherness (also within the interaction between artists and social researchers)?’ The foregoing experience indicates that the closest relationship between social sciences and art has been realized within critical approaches. Representing a less radical stance, the author suggests that the key to an effective combination of sociology with artistic activities is to divide the participation of them into different stages or levels of a given research project. While artists would work at the level of designing and conducting interventions as well as encouraging and mobilizing the involvement of the participants and the recipients of the project, the task for sociologists would be to support the planning and organization of the artistic intervention, and, subsequently, to collect materials documenting its course, analyze and interpret its results, and evaluate the whole project in terms of its impact on the social environment and the development of knowledge about the studied aspect of social life. Such an approach makes it possible to ensure the separateness and specialization of both these areas of knowledge production, and takes into account the limitations and requirements that originate from the social context. Signs of making a similar choice have been demonstrated in the contributions within this volume; the authors focus on the analysis of art works and the situation of their creation, leaving the first move to the creativity of artists.
PL
Niniejszy numer tematyczny skoncentrowany jest wokół dwóch pytań: po pierwsze, jakie miejsce zajmuje sztuka w jakościowych badaniach socjologicznych, a po drugie, jak za pomocą działań artystycznych i badawczych można zmierzyć się z problemem inności i obcości (także w relacji artystów i badaczy). Dotychczasowe doświadczenia wskazują, że najbliższe związki między nauką i sztuką realizowane są w ramach podejść krytycznych i zaangażowanych. Autorka wprowadzenia sugeruje, że kluczem do efektywnego zestawienia socjologii z działaniami artystycznymi w jednym projekcie badawczym jest rozdzielenie ich udziału na różne etapy lub poziomy badania: działania artystyczne najlepiej sprawdzałyby się na poziomie zaprojektowania i przeprowadzenia interwencji oraz zaangażowania uczestników i odbiorców dzieła, a zadaniem socjologów byłoby wspomaganie planowania i organizacji interwencji artystycznej, a następnie zbieranie materiałów dokumentujących jej przebieg, dokonanie ich analizy i interpretacji oraz ewaluacja projektu pod kątem jego wpływu na otoczenie społeczne i rozwój wiedzy o badanym aspekcie życia społecznego. Jest to stanowisko raczej umiarkowane niż radykalne, ale pozwalające zapewnić odrębność i specjalizację obu dziedzin wytwarzania wiedzy i uwzględniające ograniczenia i wymagania pochodzące z kontekstu społecznego. Elementy takiej strategii zastosowali autorzy i autorki artykułów zamieszczonych w tym tomie, koncentrując się na analizie dzieł i sytuacji ich tworzenia, pierwszy ruch pozostawiając artystom.
Bohemistyka
|
2017
|
issue 2
144-162
EN
The article entitled The Czech Dialectology Since the Half of 20th Century and Its Current Challenges is an overview of what the Czech dialectology has been dealing with since the Second World War up to the present. The author focuses on the major researchers and their work, on the basic tasks of dialectology and on the development of the Czech dialectological thinking in general. It marginally touches on a new political and social situation in postwar Czechoslovakia, which also brought changes to the linguistic map of this country. From the comprehensive works, the author draws attention mainly to The Outline of Czech Dialectology by Jaroslav Bělič and the collective work Czech Language Atlas (Part 1-6). The selection of sub-topics and literature to a certain extent reflects the needs and preferences of Polish bohemists.
PL
Článek Česká dialektologie od pol. 20. stol. a její aktuální úkoly je přehledem toho, čím se zabývala česká dialektologie od konce 2. světové války po současnost. Autorka se zaměřuje na významné badatele a jejich díla, na základní úkoly (projekty), na vývoj českého dialektologického myšlení obecně. Okrajově se dotýká nové politické a společenské situace v poválečném Československu, která přinesla změny také na jazykové mapě této země. Z celostních (komplexních) prací autorka upozorňuje hlavně na Nástin české dialektologie Jaroslava Běliče a na kolektivní dílo Český jazykový atlas (díl I–VI). Výběr dílčích témat i literatury zohledňuje do jisté míry potřeby a preference polského bohemisty.
EN
The paper investigates the main areas of friction between managers and stakeholders of scientific projects. Five areas are defined and examples of problems are given. Not unlike similar research in other countries, the main factors influencing the overall efficiency of the management process are: communication, lack of institutional support, attitudes towards the project, financing system and lack of industry interest. The findings and limitations are laid out and the ways of developing the research into other research projects are pointed out.
XX
Artykuł opisuje główne obszary tarcia pomiędzy kierownikami projektów badawczych i interesariuszami tych projektów. Na podstawie analizy wyodrębniono pięć obszarów problemowych oraz zilustrowano przykładami. Podobnie jak w projektach badawczych w innych krajach, główne obszary wpływające na skuteczność i efektywność procesów zarządzania to: komunikacja, brak wsparcia instytucjonalnego, postawy wobec projektu, system finansowania oraz brak zainteresowania ze strony przemysłu. W podsumowaniu zaprezentowano ograniczenia wyciągniętych wniosków i wskazano możliwe kierunki prowadzenia dalszych badań z omawianego zakresu.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest trendom w obszarze nadanych w kraju tytułów naukowych profesora i tytułów profesora w zakresie sztuki oraz stopni naukowych doktora i doktora habilitowanego, a także stopni w zakresie sztuki. Podczas prezentacji wyników uwzględniono podział osób uzyskujących stopnie i tytuły według płci, pokazano, jak zmienia się liczba osób, którym nadano stopnie i tytuły w kolejnych latach oraz określono jak zmienia się liczba nadanych stopni i tytułów w zależności od wieku osób uzyskujących stopień lub tytuł. Pokazano również zmianę charakteru awansu naukowego kobiet w badanym okresie oraz udział kobiet w kierowaniu finansowanymi przez NCN projektami badawczymi. Analizy oparto na danych jednostkowych oraz (częściowo) na dostępnych danych statystycznych obejmujących 20 ostatnich lat (1999-2018).
EN
The article is devoted to trends observed in the numbers of scientific titles and scientific degrees granted in Poland for women and men. It is shown how the numbers of scientific degrees and titles granted in consecutive years were changed due to age of person and how the number of granted research grants depends on gender of a project leader. The change of character of scientific advancement of women in examined period also was shown. Analysis is made basing on unit data and fragmentally on public statistical data collected during last 20 years (1999-2018).
EN
The author presents the outcomes of oral history  research relating to the history of the Czechoslovak Maritime Shipping Company from 1959–1989 in the form of a case study. The interpretation of the accounts of seventeen former Czechoslovakian sailors focuses on two aspects: their professional and family lives. The author recognises that these two aspects of the sailors’ lives were very often in conflict with each other, concluding that their work was often much more significant than their family life; that although they realised the problems that their families faced, they were unable to help by giving the work up to be with their families.  The text is supplemented with a methodological reflection that focuses on the issue of a researcher’s emotional engagement to the research subject. Finally, the author presents thoughts on parallel and potential comparative studies between the lives of the Czechoslovakian sailors (from a country without direct sea access) and Poland (a country with a very rich maritime tradition).
PL
The author presents the outcomes of oral history  research relating to the history of the Czechoslovak Maritime Shipping Company from 1959–1989 in the form of a case study. The interpretation of the accounts of seventeen former Czechoslovakian sailors focuses on two aspects: their professional and family lives. The author recognises that these two aspects of the sailors’ lives were very often in conflict with each other, concluding that their work was often much more significant than their family life; that although they realised the problems that their families faced, they were unable to help by giving the work up to be with their families. The text is supplemented with a methodological reflection that focuses on the issue of a researcher’s emotional engagement to the research subject. Finally, the author presents thoughts on parallel and potential comparative studies between the lives of the Czechoslovakian sailors (from a country without direct sea access) and Poland (a country with a very rich maritime tradition).
EN
Through historical analysis and interpretation of memories of Czech/Czechoslovak firefighters who have been professionally active since 1960s until 1990s (and/or beyond), his paper aims to analyze the ways in which his socio-professional group has been behaving during the last 40–50 years. Given that only very little historical research has been done on members of this group, the paper represents a first pioneer attempt. The research is a continuation of previous research projects conducted by Czech oral historians focused on working class members and on changes of their opinions, attitudes and behavior before and after 1989. The author’s ambition is to contribute to the current knowledge of the nature and specifics of the mentioned „normalization” regime (1969–1989) as well as the „transformation-to-democracy” era (1990s) in Czechoslovakia. In the present paper the author outlines the current state of research (20 conducted interviews with 10 firefighters as to the end of 2012), comments on some methodological problems associated with oral-historical research of this group and offers her interpretations of selected topics.
EN
The article is a review of the most significant projects carried out using the oral history  method by the Institute of Contemporary History at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ÚSD AV ČR) between 1996–2012. It is presented from the perspective of Czech historiography with regard to thematic and historical trends. The author also presents the methodological aspects of those projects along with the reactions provoked by such initiatives by both experts and society. The author states that contemporary oral history  is a well-known concept within Czech culture, drawing on the universal „expansion of remembrance” and a growing interest in the retention of peoples’ accounts, though the term was hardly known in the Czech Republic twenty years ago. Today, the Czech Republic has a broad spectrum of both completed and on-going oral history  projects, as well as better institutional, methodological and technical bases, which, together with internationally recognised spokespersons, makes them one of the world leaders in this research category. The author presents Czech oral history  in a basic (chronological, thematic and institutional) framework and compares it not only with its immediate neighbours but also with more distant countries. This not only helps distinguish common features within the oral history  world but also defines those characteristics unique to the Czech model.
EN
In 2010, two executive agencies were appointed subordinate to the Minister of Science and Higher Education, i.e. the National Science Centre (NCN) and the National Research and Development Centre (NCBiR). It came as a consequence of the changes in the system for research financing, directed towards, e.g. providing a clear division of tasks and competences of individual entities. The management and financing of basic research, conducted in Polish research units, thus became the responsibility of the NCN, while applied research – whose results can be directly used in the economy – was delegated to the NCBiR. NIK examined whether basic research was properly financed and whether the expected results had been met. The audit was conducted at the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, at five public universities, at five research institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), and at five research institutes.
PL
W latach 2011–2018 Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN, Centrum) przeznaczyło prawie 7,5 mld zł na finansowanie badań podstawowych, które stanowią fundament rozwoju nauki. Jego trwałość jest bezpośrednio uzależniona od rzetelnego określenia pożądanych kierunków rozwoju, trafnego zdefiniowania priorytetowych dyscyplin oraz efektywnego wykorzystania przez beneficjentów grantów otrzymanych na projekty badawcze. Ustalenia Najwyższej Izby Kontroli wskazują, że ich realizacja nie zawsze przebiegała właściwie, co nie zostało stwierdzone w trakcie oceny dokonywanej przez NCN. Nie wypracowano również metodologii oceny wpływu badań podstawowych na rozwój polskiej nauki, a to utrudnia określenie ich oddziaływania na naukę światową.
EN
The ethnographic atlases hitherto published in Europe have been created to meet the needs of particular countries and nations rather than with any prospect of comparative studies in mind. Thereby, it is difficult to find maps which are comparable when it comes to systematics and chronology. Therefore, we believe it necessary to interpret anew source materials deposited in Cieszyn workshop of the Polish Ethnographic Archives – to deepen the systematics of mapped phenomena along with their chronology and earmark for future development and studies topicsthat appear in other European atlases. The resultant maps are to compose an innovative edition, tentatively entitled The Atlas of Cultural Heritage of the Polish Village. The present article familiarizes readers with the concept of the planned endeavour, including aims, preliminary assumptions of the project, and the methodology of research.
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