Search results

1

La présence de l’auteur dans les rapports de stage : pratiques et formation de formateurs

100%

Valetopoulos F., Dekhissi L., Lamprou E.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2022

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vol. 49

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issue 2

47-56

FR

In the last three decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of the interaction between the author and the reader in written texts. In this paper, we propose to focus on the analysis of the authorial presence in the internship reports. To this end, we analysed a corpus of L1 French students’ internship reports. The occurrences of JE, NOUS and ON allowed us to establish a list of different functions of these pronouns by observing how trainee-writers are using these three pronouns. These observations enabled us to put forward certain hypotheses concerning training of the future language teachers.

2

Заменките во словенски и балкански контекст

100%

Панчевска [Pančevska] А. A.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2010

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vol. 10

EN

Pronouns in Slavic and Balkan contextThis paper will present the approach of elaboration of the pronouns as a word class. The method of collecting the corpus of examples will also be taken into consideration because the subject of interest are the pronouns in different language situations. The method of elaboration of that material will be examined, too. The pronominal system in the Macedonian language is put in correlation with the other Slavic as well as Balkan languages for better understanding of its contemporary situation.

3

Substantivní neurčitá zájmena s předponou ně-/ne- v češtině a slovinštině

100%

Stankovska P.

Kształcenie Językowe

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2014

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vol. 12 (22)

73 - 83

EN

A semantic classification of indefinite pronouns in Slavic languages is quite complex. Striking differences can be found when comparing Czech and Slovene substantive indefinite pronouns with prefix ně-, in Slovene ne-. While formally these pronouns are similar in Czech and Slovene, their distribution and function in both languages differ greatly. In Czech the meaning of specific and non-specific indefinite reference in the prefixed pronouns coalesce, Slovene still uses prefixed indefinite pronouns (nekdo, nekaj) to express specific reference, while the expression of indefinite non-specific reference is delegated to non-prefixed pronouns (kdo, kaj). The current Slovenian system is well documented also for the old Czech language of the 14th–15th century and, apparently, the distribution of both types of indefinite pronouns was in the old Czech similar to that in modern Slovene.

4

Pronouns in Estonian Child Language

100%

Vija M., Pajusalu R.

Ad verba liberorum

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2009

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vol. 1

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issue 1

23-31

EN

Pronouns are words that fall on the boundaries of vocabulary and grammar. They possess several distinctive characteristics that are important for language acquisition. First, since the referent of a pronoun only becomes apparent in context, the interpretation of pronouns requires a specific kind of information. In order to understand to whom I, you or this refer, we need to know the whole communicative situation. This fact should still not complicate language acquisition too much, because the child's language development starts with ‘here and now’. Yet, the acquisition of a pragmatico-grammatical complex of pronouns is bound to take time due to the variety of pronoun functions involved. On the one hand, the referents of pronouns (especially those of speech act pronouns mina ‘I’ and sina ‘you:2SG’) change constantly, making an exact repetition of what an adult said, in most cases, impossible for the child. On the other hand, the areas of use of certain pronouns (e.g., those expressing definiteness) require the mastery of narrative principles. There are also studies that show that the acquisition of pronouns after the critical age is especially difficult or even impossible (see the discussion of Genie's case in Lust 2006: 95).This article gives an analysis of the acquisition of Estonian personal and demonstrative pronouns. In Estonian, similarly to many other languages, a group of frequently used pronouns functions as a device for minimal reference and for determining noun phrases for referential needs of ongoing discourse. The group consists of different types of pronouns: personal (mina, sina, tema, meie, teie, nemad), demonstrative (see), possessive (oma), and quantificational (üks, mingi). In addition, there are also some adverbs used for deictic reference, for example those of spatial reference (siin ‘here’, seal ‘there’, etc.). Some of these pro-words are typically used in deictic contexts and refer to entities present in the physical context (1 and 2sg personal pronouns and demonstratives); others refer primarily anaphorically (3rd person pronoun and demonstratives), and typically have an antecedent in the ongoing discourse. The same pronouns (except personal) can function as determiners very much like articles in Indo-European languages. Thus, we can see a group of core prowords that are frequent and have different functions. An overview of these devices of pronominal reference is given in Pajusalu (in press).

5

Zaimki – uniwersalny system referencji

100%

Topolińska Z.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2016

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issue 21

35-41

EN

The author elaborates the thesis that pronouns, as a “pars orationis”, function as a universal system of reference in their respective linguistic code. She gives a short review of three pronominal subsystems in Polish from the point of view of their referential function: (a) definite pronouns, i.e. the basic means of referential identification; including personal, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, (b) indefinite pronouns, and (c) relative-interrogative pronouns.

6

Positioning self and others in the courtroom: Person markers in the opening statement

88%

Chaemsaithong K.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 51

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issue 1

1-25

EN

Conceptualizing person markers as an instrument of ideological negotiation and persuasion, this study explores the relationships between language, interaction and identity in the context of courtroom opening statements. The study quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the use of first- and second-person markers. Based on a corpus of three high-profile trials, the findings indicate that person markers are pragmatically conditioned and contribute to making opening statement argumentative. By manipulating pronouns, the lawyers construct a shared identity with jurors and, at the same time, an authoritative self-image in order to align the jurors with their version of reality.

7

Niedookreślenie, dekonkretyzacja i zmienne językowe – o quasi-tautologicznych układach typu ten i ten, to i to, tak a tak

88%

Żabowska M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2017

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issue 23

115-129

EN

The paper analyses the semantic-syntactic description of expressions of the ten i ten, tak a tak (‘such and such’, ‘so and so’) type. These are not units of language but rather constructions which result from the filling of slots meant for anaphoric pronouns in such arrangements as _i i _i and _i a _i. In contrast to the _i i _j arrangement, the discussed idiomatic constructions express a reference to single elements, and hence are not tautological. The paper formulates the following hypotheses: a) expressions of this kind are used in sentences which refer to a different act of speech (potential or real) but instead of designating an element in the current utterance, they recount a reference made in the adduced utterance; b) the analysed constructions act as “position markers” in a sentence, but despite that, they cannot be interpreted as logical variables because they preserve the characteristics of linguistic expressions.

8

Against the identity of complementizers and (demonstrative) pronouns

88%

Franco L.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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vol. 48

565-596

EN

In this work I will provide direct evidence against the identity of relative pronouns and complementizers/subordinators – proposed in recent works (Kayne 2010b) within the generative paradigm – with the aid of (diachronic and synchronic) data from Akkadian (an extinct Semitic language of Mesopotamia), Sogdian (an extinct Middle Iranian language), Germanic languages, Eastern and Western Iranian languages and Creoles. I will also show that the mismatch of relative (demonstrative) pronoun and complementizers does not weaken a proposal of a unified syntactic structure underlying the two clause-linkage phenomena of complementation and relativization. I will try to demonstrate that subordinate clauses (relative and complement clauses) are headed by light nouns/pro-nouns acting as "bridges of features" between matrix and dependent clauses. In particu-lar the simultaneous presence of demonstratives / relative pronouns and complementizers signalling clauses' edges in many languages is the primary evidence that (light) nom-inal elements are possibly required to trigger phenomena of clause linkage.

9

The impact of direct speech framing expressions on the narrative: a contrastive case study of Gabriel García Márquez’s Buen viaje, señor Presidente and its English translation

88%

Linde-Usiekniewicz J., Nalewajko P.

Cognitive Studies

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2014

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issue 14

101-120

EN

This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary text: a short story of Gabriel García Márquez “Buen viaje, señor Presidente” and its English translation. “Close reading” technique carried out on rather linguistic than literary basis allows for adding yet another layer of interpretation to this complex story. The analysis concentrates on the representation of direct speech and particularly on the impact of direct speech framing clauses on the reading of dialogic turns. Specifically, it is argued that the explicit mention of the addressee by indirect object pronouns (which are optional in direct speech framing turns) in Spanish makes the tension between the two protagonists even more palpable, therefore apparently courteous turns can be interpreted as defiant or otherwise antagonistic. In English similar role is played by the contrast between the absence of quotative inversion with subject pronouns and its presence when speakers are identified by full nominals. The parallel effect in both linguistic versions is traced to the distinction between linguistic items carrying mainly conceptual meaning (nominals) and carrying mainly procedural meaning (pronouns) and to the different ways these two kind of elements are processed in comprehension. The paper also provides some arguments for leaving aside literary considerations and treating a literary text as an act of ostensive communication.

10

Entwicklung der Informationsstruktur beim Erwerb des Deutschen als frühe Fremdsprache

75%

Sopata A.

Glottodidactica

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2018

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vol. 45

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issue 2

285-298

DE

The article investigates the use of pronouns to express subjects and objects in early acquisition of German as a foreign language. The main goal of the investigation is to shed some light on the process of development of information structure in the minds of young learners of a foreign language. The study investigates longitudinal data from children who were exposed to German in a school setting from the age of 7 or 9. The results of the empirical study show that children acquiring German in a school setting use a relatively high number of pronouns for subjects, but they rarely use pronouns to express objects. The pedagogical implication for developing an optimal outline for foreign language teaching in early childhood is the necessity to pay more attention to the development of pragmatic and discourse skills of children learning a foreign language.

11

The Sarikoli reflexive pronoun

75%

Kim D.

Open Linguistics

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

This paper describes χɯ, the Sarikoli reflexive personal and possessive pronoun, in terms of its agreement, relative prominence, and domain. The reflexive χɯ does not overtly agree with its antecedent, always maintaining the same form. It is subject-oriented and is complementarily distributed with nonreflexive pronouns. In both finite and non-finite subordinate clauses, χɯ is usually used as a local reflexive, with long-distance potential in one variety-the reason adverbial clause. Sarikoli provides confirmatory evidence for the correlation between long-distance reflexives and subject orientation (Pica 1987, 1991; Cole & Sung 1994), since χɯ is subject-oriented whether it refers to an antecedent within the same clause or across a clause boundary.

12

Co łączy obcego z obecnym?

75%

Topolińska Z.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2014

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issue 11

29-34

EN

The author analyzes the semantic evolution of Polish adjectives obcy and obecny, deriving from the Common Slavic *o b ь t' ь. They are both shifters, which means that their reference is context dependent. She demonstrates that their lines of semantic evolution in Polish are unique in the Slavic linguistic world.

13

Манипулирование общественным сознанием как предмет языковедческих исследований

63%

Brzostek A.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2011

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issue 13

33-46

EN

In today’s world the dominant role is played by mass media. The manipulation of words plays an important role in the transmission of information. In the article the author presents the process of manipulation and its style which have a huge impact on creating political texts. The article shows the black, white and grey variety of propaganda. The author also presents the types of manipulations and its participants.

14

Местоименията в стиловете на болгарская еялк

63%

ИЛИЕВА М.

Stylistyka

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2011

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vol. 20

381-396

RU

The stylistic peculiarities of the pronouns in the Bulgarian language are examined in the paper. The reasons for the attention towards the pronouns He in their poor studying as stylistic means as well as in their belonging to the Fnguistic universalities which gives an opportunity for observations in comparative and juxtaposing aspect. First of all, on the basis of materiał from the five functional styles, conclusions are drawn about the frequency of the pronominal use in each formation. By discussing the extra-linguistic reasons for the results the marked activity of the pronouns in the colloouial speech is ascertained vs. the сотрагабѵеіу Iow frequency of use in the business speech. The statistic data are based on a body of 150 000 units for each style, fhe author quote< data conceminj the functioning of the separate groups of pronouns in the five func*'onal styles and the data are bound to the indication bookishness of the texts.The second problem which is discussed in the paper is the axiological and intensification use of the pronouns in the colloquial speech. On the basis of their distribution on the scalę us / them the assessment uses are described which are connected with the oppositions near / far, definite / indefmite, man I not man. As a result of the analysis of the cited examples the equalization of the oppositions us 'them and good / bad in the use of linguistic means is determined. Part of the examples have counterparts in other languages as for instance ii i the Polish language and this provides the opportunity to formulate the hypothe^is of universality in the assessment uses of the pronouns in the various languages as well.

15

Двојната определеност во македонскиот јазик

63%

Pančevska A.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2020

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vol. 171

121-126

EN

The subject of interest is the so-called double definiteness in the Macedonian language. These are cases where the noun phrase, besides the article, which is a marker of definiteness, is complemented with a demonstrative pronoun in a preposition. This phenomenon is not new in the Macedonian language but occurs more commonly especially in the spoken standard. The author attempts to understand the origin of this phenomenon as well as its distribution in the modern language. The conclusion is that a new type of article may be created, an analytical one.

PL

Przedmiotem analizy jest tak zwana podwójna określoność w języku macedońskim. Są to przypadki, w których nominalna fraza, oprócz morfemu rodzajnikowego, będącego wykładnikiem określoności, jest uzupełniona zaimkiem wskazującym w prepozycji. Zjawisko to nie jest nowe w języku macedońskim, ostatnio spotyka się je częściej, zwłaszcza w standardzie mówionym. Autor tekstu stara się wyjaśnić pochodzenie tego zjawiska, a także jego dystrybucję we współczesnym języku macedońskim. Analiza materiału prowadzi do wniosku, że być może powstaje nowy typ rodzajnika analitycznego.

16

„Malá slova“ a jejich podíl na stylu mluvených projevů

62%

Hoffmannová J.

Stylistyka

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2017

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vol. 26

155-171

EN

In contrast to written language, spoken utterances evince a much higher incidence of deictics, indefinite and pseudo-demonstrative pronouns, contact particles (phatic expressions), specific conjunctions and other connectives, interjections, fillers and hesitation sounds. Corpus-based data should make it possible to attempt a new typology of such expressions (of a broad category of “discourse markers”), independent of the traditional categorization of the parts of speech. The research of spoken Czech syntax must take into account these groups of lexical means that are innate to spoken discourse, i.e. this important area where lexis and syntax meet. Such words as the Czech jako, teda, jakoe, jakoby seem to be semantically vague or empty, but they have a special effect on the connectedness and cohesion of spoken discourse. Moreover, the syntax of spoken discourse has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, inevitably respecting the relationships between utterances and dialogue turns; that is why special attention must be given to “small words” employed at the beginning or end of various types of turns. Their participation in the turn-taking mechanismus, as well as other functions, demonstrates that the “small words” in most cases cannot be regarded as redundant expressions, and that they contribute to the style of spoken discourse.

17

Wyodrębnianie, dekodowanie i klasyfikacja historycznych jednostek języka

51%

Sobotka P., Żabowska M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2017

|

issue 24

113-133

EN

The main goal of the article is to present different kinds of problems connected with the identification of the language units in Old and early Middle Polish texts, and with the various manifestations of their functional interpretation. The authors propose the term ‘historical unit of language’ that is understood in both dynamic and static aspects of diachrony. The major sources of these units are inherited expressions, borrowings and internal creations. The historical language unit is bilateral in nature and its semantic features consist of three dimensions: etymological, actual, and associative components. The article examines metatextual units and processes of metatextualization, as well as uses the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie, Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta and other texts to show such problems as cohesion of the text and its comprehensiveness, especially in syntactic and utterance levels. In the second part of the article the authors present functional division of the Old Polish lexicon based on combinational and semantic characteristics of units in question, i.e. on those properties that are responsible for the tasks to be accomplished by a given class of expressions in making up a higher order unit, i.e. a syntagm. The authors centre on uninflected language units, proposing eight sentence classes and three discursive classes. Among them: uninflected participles, metapredicative operators, adverbs, infinitives, prepositions, uninflected pronominal substitutes of space and temporal expressions and whole sentences, conjunctions, particles and restrictors, contextualizators, connectors.

18

Kolokace a kolokabilita synsémantik: substituty a interjekce

51%

Čermák F.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2015

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vol. 97

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issue 1

51-57

EN

While most attention is generally paid to lexical (autosemantic) words, the goal of this paper is to map grammatical (or synsemantic) words which have been largely neglected. The specific aim is to look into combinations of all types of grammatical words whose common feature, though they are widely different in most other respects, is their auxiliary role with regard to lexical words. This auxiliary role is to be viewed as having two functional interpretations: grammatical words may be seen either as linkers (serving as links between lexical words) or as substitutes or pro-forms (replacing lexical words in text to avoid their repetition in general). Since until now most authors have paid attention to various word classes in this area (see Bibliography), this paper focuses on the possibilities of their roles as substitutes and the limitations of their combinations with one another, a subject hardly ever mentioned, let alone researched. The investigation, involving pronouns and numerals, is based on a large corpus of Czech (SYN2010). Because of their special character and function, interjections are loosely added to the bulk of the grammatical words. It is shown that, contrary to simplified expectations, most grammatical words have a life of their own, i.e. they combine with each other and form collocations independently of lexical words.

19

K některým případům nestandardní vokalické délky u zájmen

51%

Janečka M.

Bohemistyka

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2017

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issue 4

347-358

EN

This article concerns with pronouns ní, jí, naší and vaší in accusative singular form which is non-standard for this case. I try to point out a possible connection between pronunciation of these pronouns and their written forms in Czech National Corpus. I especially focus on reasons, why a language user (writer) chooses long final vowel in accusative singular also in contexts, where it is not in accordance with the paradigm of given pronoun, as it is described in grammars of Czech. I explore differences in function styles in the corpus SYN2015 and differences in regions in the corpus SCHOLA2010. I also observe, which prepositions are related to non-standard accusative pronouns.

CS

Tato stať pojednává o nestandardním použití vokalické délky v akuzativu singuláru zájmen ní, jí, naší a vaší. Pokouším se poukázat na možnou souvislost mezi výslovností těchto tvarů a jejich psanou podobou v Českém národním korpusu. Zejména se zaměřuji na to, v jakých kontextech volí uživatel jazyka (pisatel) v akuzativu singuláru dlouhý koncový vokál i v případech, kde to není v souladu s paradigmatem daného zájmena tak, jak je zachyceno v mluvnicích českého jazyka. Rozdíly z hlediska funkčních stylů zkoumám v korpusu SYN2015, rozdíly z hlediska regionální příslušnosti pak v korpusu SCHOLA2010. Sleduji rovněž, které předložky se pojí s nestandardními akuzativními tvary zájmen.

20

Экзістэнцыйнае падарожжа Эдзіка Мазько

51%

Брусевіч А.

Białorutenistyka Białostocka

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2014

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vol. 6

UK

Анатоль Брусевiч - Гродна

PL

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na szereg pierwiastków artystycznych w poezji jednego z niedocenionych współczesnych poetów białoruskich Edzika Maźko (1970–2011). Spuścizna literacka przedwcześnie zmarłego poety jest z pogranicza estetyki surrealizmu i dekadentyzmu.

EN

In the article the attention is concentrated on the specific art of Edick Mazko’s poems (1970–2011). He is one of the underestimated modern Belarusian poets whose heritage is located in the esthetic area of surrealism and decadence.

Refine search results

La présence de l’auteur dans les rapports de stage : pratiques et formation de formateurs

Заменките во словенски и балкански контекст

Substantivní neurčitá zájmena s předponou ně-/ne- v češtině a slovinštině

Pronouns in Estonian Child Language

Zaimki – uniwersalny system referencji

Positioning self and others in the courtroom: Person markers in the opening statement

Niedookreślenie, dekonkretyzacja i zmienne językowe – o quasi-tautologicznych układach typu ten i ten, to i to, tak a tak

Against the identity of complementizers and (demonstrative) pronouns

The impact of direct speech framing expressions on the narrative: a contrastive case study of Gabriel García Márquez’s Buen viaje, señor Presidente and its English translation

Entwicklung der Informationsstruktur beim Erwerb des Deutschen als frühe Fremdsprache

The Sarikoli reflexive pronoun

Co łączy obcego z obecnym?

Манипулирование общественным сознанием как предмет языковедческих исследований

Местоименията в стиловете на болгарская еялк

Двојната определеност во македонскиот јазик

„Malá slova“ a jejich podíl na stylu mluvených projevů

Wyodrębnianie, dekodowanie i klasyfikacja historycznych jednostek języka

Kolokace a kolokabilita synsémantik: substituty a interjekce

K některým případům nestandardní vokalické délky u zájmen

Экзістэнцыйнае падарожжа Эдзіка Мазько