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Dochodzenie roszczeń wynikających z umów o świadczenie usług turystycznych w aspekcie międzynarodowym

100%
Wolski D.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
|
2011
|
issue 1
37-64
EN
Tourism is nowadays predominantly international. This trend was begun somewhere about the second half of 20th Century and there is not any indications towards change it at the moment. This is not only a consequence of integration of European Union states, including free flow of person, but also still progressive globalization process. Therefore, the majority of contracts within the scope of tourist services is cross-border or includes international component. On the background of this type of contracts can arise tourist’s claims against tourist services providers as well as the latter against their subcontractors (hotel owners, tourist guides, carriers, etc.). Taking into account practical aspects in case of coming to existence these kind of claims, there is usually necessary to considered two main points. It has to be determined both law applicable to the contract and competent court. Mentioned above point of view is practical, because in accordance with the views of doctrine, law applicable to the legal relationship shall be considered irrespectively, even if the relationship does not include any foreign components. To consideration both cases mentioned above normally will be appropriate European Union acts applicable directly. In relation to the applicable law it is Regulation (EC) 593/2008 of the European Parliament and Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). Competent court shall be considered in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I). The majority of tourist services contracts is concluded by consumers, what was refl ected in mentioned regulations as well. From the application of those regulations as well as previous acts (especially Brussels Convention) aroused a lot of particular questions and interpretational issues. Both the views of doctrine and jurisprudence, especially judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union are very useful to consideration mentioned issues. This article was dedicated questions arising from the consideration of applicable law and competent court with respect to contracts on tourist services.
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Prawo właściwe dla zawarcia małżeństwa w polsko-ukraińskiej umowie o pomocy prawnej i stosunkach prawnych w sprawach cywilnych i karnych

100%
Popiołek W.
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
|
2023
|
vol. 32
EN
The law applicable to marriage between Polish and Ukrainian nationals is set out in the 1993 Convention between the Republic of Poland and Ukraine concerning legal aid. The Convention stipulates that that a marriage can be contracted if the prerequisites provided for in the prospective spouses’ national laws are satisfied - determined separately for each of them. The Convention concerns only marriages between Polish and Ukrainian citizens and does not apply to stateless persons. The form of marriage is governed by the law of the State where the marriage was celebrated. The article discusses some issues concerning the prerequisites and scope of application of these regulations, taking into account the differences between the Polish and Ukrainian family law. These differences concern mainly the form of marriage (Ukrainian law does not provide for a religious form and does not allow the marriage by proxy) and some obstacles to marriage (in Ukrainian law the invalidity of marriage results, inter alia, if the marriage in question constitutes a sham or if there occurred a misrepresentation as to the health of a prospective spouse). The reader’s attention is also drawn to a specific ordre public exception contained in Article 58, paragraph 1 of the Ukrainian Law on Private International Law, according to which a marriage between a Ukrainian national and a foreigner concluded under foreign law outside the territory of Ukraine is valid in Ukraine provided that the Ukrainian national complies with the provisions of the Family Code of Ukraine concerning the grounds invalidating the marriage. However, this provision should not be applied if Polish law applies on the basis of the provisions of the Convention. The paper also touches upon the Ukrainian law to the extent it contains a residual regulation concerning engagement.  Under this regulation, the person who refuses to marry despite an earlier engagement must reimburse the other party for the costs incurred in connection with the preparation for the registration of the marriage and the wedding. The study also draws attention to some practical aspects of marriage conclusion - in Poland by a Ukrainian citizen (Ukrainian law does not provide for the possibility of issuing a certificate of capacity to marry) and in Ukraine by a Polish citizen.
3
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Statut Prowincji Polskiej Zakonu Braci Kaznodziejów – miejsce w prawie zakonu i zarys historyczny

80%
Przytulski M.
Sympozjum
|
2022
|
vol. 2(43)
193-210
PL
Autor artykułu przedstawia umiejscowienie w prawie zakonu dominikanów Statutu Prowincji Polskiej Zakonu Braci Kaznodziejów oraz jego historię. Dokument ten jest aktem normatywnym dla Prowincji Polskiej dominikanów i stanowi jej prawo własne. Autor podejmując ten temat jako pierwszy, wskazał w opracowaniu szczegółowe materiały źródłowe. Na ich podstawie dowiódł, że statut prowincji powstał jako wynik kapituły prowincjalnej w 1969 roku. Statut ten ma swoje umocowanie w przepisach konstytucji zakonnych dominikanów i postanowień Kapituły Generalnej w River Forest w USA z 1968 roku. Statut prowincji jest dokumentem, który od ponad pół wieku reguluje szczegółowe kwestie życia polskich dominikanów, dlatego jego historia przenika historię całej prowincji. Autor opracowania na podstawie analizy zmian dokonywanych w statucie podczas kapituł prowincjalnych ostatnich ponad 50 lat wykazał trzy cezury czasowe pozwalające wskazać najistotniejsze wydarzenia wpływające na prawo własne prowincji.
EN
The author of this article presents the location of the Statute of the Polish Province of the Order of Preachers in the law of the Dominican Order and its history. This document is a normative act for the Polish Dominican province and constitutes its own law. The author, taking up this topic as the first one, indicated in the study detailed source materials. On their basis he proved that the provincial statute came into being as a result of the provincial chapter of 1969. The statute is also grounded in the provisions of the Dominican religious constitutions and in the decisions of the general chapter in River Forest in the USA from 1968. The author of the study, on the basis of an analysis of the changes made to the Statute during the provincial chapters of the last 50 years, has shown three time caesuras that make it possible to indicate the most significant events influencing the provincial law.
4

Prawne aspekty przejścia zakonnika z jednego instytutu zakonnego do innego

71%
Zaleski R.
Kościół i Prawo
|
2015
|
issue 4 (17) nr 2
69-86
PL
Zgodnie z ogólną zasadą, zakonnik po ślubach wieczystych nie może przejść z własnego instytutu do innego. Jednakże, prawodawca dopuszcza trzy wyjątki od tej reguły. Artykuł traktuje o jednej z nich. Jest to przejście z jednego instytutu zakonnego do innego instytutu zakonnego. Aby to zrobić, zakonnik musi mieć pozwolenie najwyższych przełożonych obydwu instytutów, którzy powinni uzyskać zgodę własnych rad. Po odbyciu przynajmniej trzyletniej próby, zakonnik może być dopuszczony do profesji wieczystej w nowym instytucie. Jeśli zaś nie chce złożyć profesji lub nie został do niej dopuszczony przez kompetentnych przełożonych, powinien wrócić do dawnego instytutu, chyba że otrzymałby indult sekularyzacyjny. Do momentu złożenia profesji w nowym instytucie, mimo pozostawania w mocy ślubów, zostają zawieszone uprawnienia i obowiązki, jakie miał zakonnik w poprzednim instytucie, jednakże od chwili rozpoczęcia próby obowiązany jest on do przestrzegania prawa własnego nowego instytutu. Przez złożenie profesji w nowym instytucie następuje włączenie do niego tego członka, równocześnie wygasają poprzednie śluby, uprawnienia i obowiązki.
EN
According to general principle, a religious in perpetual vows cannot transfer from one institute to another. However, the legislator makes three exceptions to this rule. The article dealing with one of them. It is the transfer from one religious institute to another religious institute. To do this, a religious needs to be aworded a permission of the supreme moderator of each institute with the consent of their respective councils. After completing a probation which is to last at least three years, the member can be admitted to perpetual profession in the new institute. If the member refuses to make this profession or is not admitted to make it by competent superiors, however, the member is to return to the original institute unless an indult of secularization has been obtained. Until a person makes profession in the new institute, the rights and obligations which the member had in the former institute are suspended although the vows remain. Nevertheless, from the beginning of probation, the member is bound to the observance of the proper law of the new institute. Through profession in the new institute, the member is incorporated into it while the preceding vows, rights, and obligations cease.
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