In the article we analyze proper nouns occurring in Evgeny Schwartz’s Дракон. A very important aspect which should be considered in the play’s translation is its intertextuality. The author refers to other works by taking over the characters and introducing the prototype text components. We will look over the only Polish translation of Jerzy Pomianowski (1965) and three English translations of Elisaveta Fen (1975), Yuri Machkasov (2001) and Anna Epelbaum (2013).
A research of proper nouns in language focuses on analysis of their persuasive function in journalism. The results are part of the dissertation project on the manifestations of political ideology of 1960´s socialism in language. The aim of the study is to point out, through names of institutions, political documents and anthroponyms, the way of enforcing a power of the Communist Party in society. Analyses based on political party press material reflect not only the built of party authorities, but especially the interconnection between history, language and the media. In the study there is a consideration between historical context of the era and its linguistic representation in the chosen sphere of language. As a result of the research of the power components in order to bring their ideological and authoritarian character closer, the text contributes to the critical analysis of political and ideological discourse of the 1960s in Slovakia.
The paper presents the results of the sociolinguistic survey Capitalization in Czech. The survey was conducted by the Department of Language Culture, Insitute of the Czech Language, Czech Academy of Sciences, from January 1 to June 30, 2012. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to monitor the knowledge of the current capitalization codification as well as the attitudes towards capitalization and possible changes in codification. The survey yielded 12,308 completed questionnaires (from 18,646 participants). The capitalization rules for names included in the survey were known to 59 % of the participants. A statistical analysis of the survey data revealed both differing levels of the capitalization rules knowledge among individual groups of participants, as well as conservative attitudes (86 % of the participants preffered the preservation of the current codification).
This paper deals with the capitalization in Czech (in one of its functions, specifically signalling the proprial status of particular language item). In the first, general part, a new approach is proposed which, as it is argued here, may serve as theoretical background for the description of the rules of (Czech) capitalization more effectively than the traditional approach based on the somewhat uncertain definition “being the part of proper noun”. Each naming item (řeka Labe) is divided into two components: the so-called generic component, which serves as a description of the type of the object being referred to (řeka ‘river’) within the naming item and the so-called proprial component, i.e. the proper name itself ascribed to this particular object (Labe). In the second, practical part, applications and advantages of this approach are demonstrated using the example of capitalization description in the so-called generic component of the naming item.
Cette enquête met en vis-à-vis, d’une part, la conception que le linguiste et théoricien Charles Nodier (1780-1844) expose dans ses Notions élémentaires de linguistique (1834) au sujet de l’orthographe inaltérable des noms propres et, d’autre part, la pratique du conteur et du créateur qu’il est dans le même temps dans Trilby (1822). Il est ainsi envisagé de résoudre la question de la francisation du toponyme Argyle (en référence à la région des lacs d’Écosse), orthographié par Nodier, contre toute attente, Argail dans son conte. Cette forme Argail, au-delà d’un simple processus de translittération et des justifications en trompe-l’oeil dévoilées par Nodier lui-même dans la préface de son oeuvre, laisse en réalité découvrir de savantes manipulations relevant de quatre domaines : l’histoire de la langue, la phonétique, la graphie, l’étymologie enfin.
EN
This study opposes, on the one hand, the concept exposed by linguist and theoretician Charles Nodier (1780-1844) in his Elementary Notions in Linguistics (1834) referring to the inalterable spelling of proper nouns, and, on the other hand, his practice as a storyteller and creator in his Trilby (1822). We will also consider answering the question of the gallicization of the toponym "Argyle" (allusion to the lake region in Scotland), spelled "Argail" by Nodier in his tale, contrary to all expectations. "Argail" , beyond the mere process of transliteration and trompe-l’oeil justifications revealed by Nodier himself in the prefaceo t his book, opens up to subtle manipulations that pertain to four fields: history of language, phonetics, written formand etymology
A proper noun as a nomination, identification, delimination and sociopragmatic unit acquires a specific mandate in media communication. Within this communication, proper nouns operate as a vehicle contributing to a reduction of verbal proxemics among a media product, mediator and the audience, which is created through colloquialization procedures. The reduction of proxemics is generally reflected in the media structures that are not based on visual code, considering the genetictypological aspect. From this field a proper noun transits to print in a broader concept, which is not infrequently supported by teletechnologies. In media communication, and also in the segment of serious (non-tabloid) print, we can thus observe reinforcing tendencies of spontaneity, non-officiality, familiarity, joviality, tendencies, (self-)presentation, manipulation and persuasion. All of these tendencies have not occurred in this type of print until recently, or they have been represented only in trace amounts. The aim of this paper is to synergistically outline the sources, manifestations and consequences of the activation of colloquialization of proper nouns in “the media landscape.”
The article presents the process of using the author’s and his associates’ experiences on the works of the academic Grammar of contemporary Polish language in creating inflexive Polish language dictionaries from a small book publishing in 1993 to a great dictionary designed and published in digital form in 2001. It reports the stages of narrowing the classification and description of the Polish inflexion categories in a way that makes it a basis to shape it into a computer program by the IT specialists from the AGH University of Science and Technology cooperating with the linguists; furthermore, it provides a sample of studies on expanding the dictionary with a multi-segment lexical units, meaning Polish idioms.
The article draws attention to those aspects of language which show the individual nature of the Bible of Jakub Wujek and The Bible of Gdańsk. These bibles are actually two different works of this translation, with different confessional affiliations. Moreover, the article represents an attempt to analyze and classify the few places of parallel text in which the lexical differences are present. At the beginning, the author looks for these differences in the proper nouns which determine the names of God in the Old Testament, and in the names which characterize Jesus. The selected biblical place names are analyzed in the last part of the article. The research material was taken from the texts of the first editions of the Bible of Jakub Wujek and The Bible of Gdańsk.
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