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EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-economic issues of a protected area and participation of the local stakeholders in conservation of the protected area. This study was conducted at 7 villages in Hamedan province in the midwest part of Iran. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Reliability of the data was determined by Cronbach's alpha. In order to investigate the relationship between the average incomes of different villages, a t-statistic test was used. Results indicated that at the 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences between most villages. Furthermore, the results indicated that there was no significant relationship between mean income of Jara and Saadat Abad villages. In order to investigate the interest for the preservation of different villages, a t-statistic test was used. Results indicated that at the 0.05 significance level of, there were significant differences between Shademaneh and Maloosan, Siyah Dare and Gheshlagh Najaf, Shademaneh and Taemeh, Taemeh and Gheshlagh Najaf villages. Results also showed that the Maloosan village has the highest income in the area and willingness to participate in conservation activities was highest at this village. The results of this study show a new approach to the protection of biodiversity of protected areas with connection to economic, biological and humanistic studies.
EN
Visitor management is often too narrowly connected with mass/individual tourism in protected areas. Generally, visitor management can be used in any destination for mass and individual tourism also in connection with optimization of visitor flows, visitor concentration, and optimization of visitor impacts in a very broad sense. This paper focuses on the introduction of the theoretical concept of visitor management; it discusses different visitor management approaches and their principles, compares these approaches, and shortly describes typical visitor management tools. The discussion focuses on the appropriate use of chosen selected tools, mainly carrying capacity approaches, zoning and optimization of tourism infrastructure and monitoring, including tourism sustainability indicators. The computer simulation and prediction of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the phenomena in destination is also shortly described. The typical application of visitor management in protected areas is described as a case study and a set of recommendations for visitor management are declared.
PL
Ograniczenia działalności gospodarczej na terenach przyrodniczo cennych stwarzają specyficzny lokalny rynek pracy. Artykuł przedstawia skalę bezrobocia na obszarach chronionych województwa świętokrzyskiego, które posiada najwięcej terenów objętych prawną ochroną w Polsce.
EN
The area covered by protected areas in Poland sums up to 33.1% and amount of it varies as far as single regions are concerned; the region with the highest percentage of areas covered by them is in Świętokrzyskie Province - 62%. The researches were carried out in the Świętokrzyskie Province. The paper shows the scale and structure of unemployment in the communes of Świętokrzyskie Province on protected areas in year 2003. The market economy introduction exposes imperfection of the labour market and the structure of employment in Poland. Process of shifting unemployment from urban to rural areas. Over 38 percent of total Polish population live in the country but share of unemployment in the rural areas exceeds 50 percent - taking into consideration both open and hidden unemployment. On the ground of a simple analysis you can draw a conclusion that unemployment in protected areas vary in particular parishes of the Świętokrzyskie province (the highest in the parishes of the Starachowicki district, the lowest in the Kazimierski district) and it depends on local conditions. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out detailed research in order to check, what kind of influence the protected areas have on the development of enterprise and unemployment rate. Presumably this process is likely to continue at least till 2010.
PL
Turystyka zrównoważona to pożądany stan, jaki zjawisko turystyki powinno prezentować na obszarze chronionym. Stan ten posiada postać kompromisu między różnymi grupami interesu prezentowanymi przez mieszkańców obszaru, społeczeństwo, turystów i przedsiębiorców turystycznych. Posiadają one często odmienne punkty widzenia co do sposobu, w jaki na obszarze chronionym powinna rozwijać się turystyka. Pogodzić ich interesy i określić kształt oraz charakter turystyki można jedynie w drodze planowania. W artykule omówiono jak wygląda procedura takiego planowania.
EN
Sustainable tourism is interpreted as a desirable state which tourism in protected area should present. The state has the form of a compromise among various stakeholders which are presented by area inhabitants, the general public, tourists and tourism business. Each group has its own particular interest in how tourism has to develop in the protected area. In order to reconcile them and determine the form and character of the tourism a planning process is needed. Such process has been described in the paper.
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 4
145-166
EN
The article analyses the provisions of the Polish law regulating various forms of nature conservation, authorised organs, and instruments of nature conservation. The act of 16 April 2004 regulates the goals, principles, and forms of protecting the flora and fauna, inanimate nature, and landscape. According to the legislator, a form of nature conservation is a legal institution serving to achieve goals related to nature conservation. Such a form involves isolating a particular object (area, landmark, species) that is distinguished by some features, declaring it as protected, attributing to it a special legal regime in which it is strongly prohibited to act to the detriment of this object, and determining criminal liability for infringement of such prohibitions. The latest comprehensive regulation in this area is embodied by provisions associated with the area of Natura 2000. However, the overlap of competences that arise from these regulations makes it difficult to undertake investments, which are vital for the development of areas that enjoy special status.
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