Search results - CEJSH

1

Protection children from exploitation

100%

Tsitsis N., Chrysomallis M., Kourkouta L.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 2

145-150

EN

Purpose: To examine the effects of child abuse and the measures taken to protect children at various levels of prevention and intervention. Material and methods: A literature search was performed in the databases of Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar and in the Greek database Iatrotek based on the years 1992 to 2013. A classic literature search for scientific publications and studies from libraries was also conducted. From a total of 58 studies, only 30 were selected. The criteria for selecting studies were as follows: a) articles written in Greek and English, and b) articles that referred to the subject of this review using the terms child abuse, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Results: Reference is made to the types of child abuse, their impacts, and risk factors that may have a positive or negative role in the occurrence of the phenomenon. Furthermore, the problem of child abuse is approached in terms of the changes and improvements needed at the legislative, social, research, and therapeutic levels in order to provide protection to child victims of abuse. The large number of negative effects on children’s development, which are not limited to childhood but also leave mental and emotional scars into adulthood, underlines the need for stronger measures to reduce the incidence of child abuse. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the phenomenon, it requires a concerted effort and a single plan of action, not only at the regional and national levels but also at the international level. Conclusions: Child abuse has multifactorial causes and requires a concerted effort and a single plan of action, not only at regional and national levels but also at the international level, in order to deal with it. Therefore, at this point, professionals who come into regular contact with children should be alert to possible signs of physical abuse in the children they serve as well as signs of abuse that are less visible, such as behavioral or psychological signs, and these professionals should act in ancillary roles.

2

The Impact of International and European Law on the Development of Environmental Protection Through Criminal Law in Poland

100%

Łyżwa R.

Internal Security

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2019

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vol. 11(1)

49-63

EN

The issue of environmental protection through criminal law is primarily associated with the fight against the most serious attacks on the environment. The progressive degradation of natural ecosystems, which is an important consequence of the development of human civilisation, has shown that one of the most important challenges of modern man is to provide the environment with adequate and effective protection. It should be emphasized that although the main burden of such protection is implemented through administrative law and to a lesser degree through civil law instruments, the use of criminal law in environmental protection as an ultima ratio of this protection has proved to be absolutely necessary. Legal regulations regarding the criminal law protection of the environment in Poland have gone a long way in terms of development. It should be emphasized, however, that the shape and development of criminal law protection of the environment in Poland has been significantly influenced by European legislation, which was obviously related to Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and international law, in particular the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, signed on March 3, 1973 in Washington, DC, and the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, which was opened for signature in Basel on March 22, 1989. The article presents the most important issues related to the impact of European and international law on the development of environmental protection through criminal law in Poland.

3

Critical Areas of Services and Supplies — the Legal Mechanisms for the Special Control of their Functioning

100%

Miłkowski T.

Internal Security

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2017

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vol. 9(1)

59-69

EN

The article concentrates on the issue of legal mechanisms to control some areas with a huge impact on national security. In other words we could call this ‘protection’ or ‘limitation’ of free movement of goods or services. Some type of this control is the only opportunity to maintain influence in a crisis or in critical situations in respect of citizens and their daily life. It covers specific people and capital in different types of economic activities but mainly such services and supplies as energy, fuel, communication, telecommunication networks, food and water supply, transportation or production, storage and use of chemical and radioactive substances. Even in countries which are entirely open to foreign investors, ceding control over strategic areas or companies, or firms that are the most competitive in the world, is not welcome. This is because they could block or restrict the autonomy to make strategic political or economic decisions. The analysis concentrates on legal aspects of this limitation and is based on three Acts: the Act of 2010, 18th of March on special powers of the Ministry of State Treasury and their execution in certain capital companies or capital groups operating in the sectors of electricity, oil and gas, the Act of 2010, 29th of October on strategic reserves and the Act of 2015, 24th of July on the control of certain investments. Of course these regulations, even with acknowledging their significance, cannot provide a total guarantee of security. The other issue is that these solutions for protection, prediction of threats and their elimination, and finally, a demand to maintain backup systems, are so general that they can be interpreted differently.

4

SOCIAL RISK AS A PREREQUISITE FOR PROTECTION IN SOCIAL SECURITY SCHEME

100%

Uścińska G.

Polityka Społeczna

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 1(9) ENG "OLD" AND "NEW" SOCIAL RISKS

3-8

EN

This article presents recent research on the concept and scope of the risk of social (welfare) in social security systems. It is agreed that these types of risks found in the literature and in the existing regulations. It entails an analysis of the types of social risks set out in international and European instruments in this field . Defines the scope of legal consequences of their occurrence. Answers the question whether the directory is an exhaustive list. Finally, the author answers the research question concerning the directions of the changes that are taking place in this area, and which are desirable.

5

The need for protection of human rights in cyberspace

100%

Florek I., Eroglu S. E.

Journal of Modern Science

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2018

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vol. 2019

27-36

EN

Technology is an integral part of social life. The widespread use of computers and the development of information and communication technologies have made people dependent on this technology in many ways. Computer products such as Internet, mobile phone, satellite are among the indispensables of daily life. The developments in information technologies attract the attention of the international community as much as the individuals and affect this society as well. In particular, the tools and methods that are created by using computers have created cyber area life in addition to the real world, and this area has begun to provide significant benefits and facilities in the daily lives of individuals and communities. In this article the relation between cyberspace and protection of human rights in this sphere will be examined socially and legally.

6

The need for protection of human rights in cyberspace

100%

lorek I., Eroglu S. E.

Journal of Modern Science

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2019

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issue 3(42)

27-36

EN

Technology is an integral part of social life. The widespread use of computers and the development of information and communication technologies have made people dependent on this technology in many ways. Computer products such as Internet, mobile phone, satellite are among the indispensables of daily life. The developments in information technologies attract the attention of the international community as much as the individuals and affect this society as well. In particular, the tools and methods that are created by using computers have created cyber area life in addition to the real world, and this area has begun to provide significant benefits and facilities in the daily lives of individuals and communities. In this article the relation between cyberspace and protection of human rights in this sphere will be examined socially and legally

7

Provisions of Civil Defence Training in Czechoslovakia – Historical Consequences

100%

Kavan Š.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2016

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vol. 17(17)

158-171

EN

This article is a reflection of the research focuses on the period after the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 to the time before World War II in 1939. The aim of the research is to explore the basic approaches to the implementation of education for statehood in terms of the creation of a new state in relation to civil defence education in Czechoslovakia. The comparative historical analysis will be utilized as the research method on the subject of education for statehood. The comparative historical analysis is used as a specific tool for qualitative research. This is a procedure which can be applied to the statehood issue of education to its basic elements, by which it will be possible to learn more about this phenomenon and subsequently explain it.

8

Share capital in a limited liability company – an effective form of creditor protection?

100%

Kotowicz M.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2014

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vol. 3

25-35

PL

This article deals with a draft bill amending the Code of Commercial Companies and the ongoing debate on the planned amendment which includes a proposal to remove a fixed minimum of share capital in limited liability companies. The most important issue under consideration in this paper is the protection of a company’s creditors. The author of the following article, referring to a number of already published statements concerning the draft bill, summarizes the ongoing discussion about the role and the functions of share capital and the proposed new instruments for strengthening creditors’ protection.

9

Ryzyko i ochrona w środowisku rówieśniczym. Czyli o znaczeniu relacji koleżeńskich w życiu nastolatków

100%

Jankowiak B., Matysiak-Błaszczyk A.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2019

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issue 53

59-73

EN

This article is devoted to the issue of peer relations, which are an important developmental factor and affect the welfare of adolescent boys and girls. According to many authors, relationships with peers during adolescence carry not only risk as a consequence of peer pressure to undertake unfavourable behaviors, but may also potentially contribute to well-being and life success. The analysis of available research results helped to distinguish two main risk factors resulting from peer relations, which include: mutual influence and modelling of disadaptive behaviours and rejection by peers. The protective factors, in turn, included: mutual influence and modelling of adaptive behaviours, a sense of happiness resulting from peer relations and compensating for other difficulties through peer relations.

10

Language Planning Activities and Policy – the Case of Poland

100%

Kuźniak M., Mańczak-Wohlfeld E.

Glottodidactica

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 2

63-83

EN

The paper examines the way and the extent to which language policies have affected the development of the Polish language especially in recent times, since the so-called end of the communist era. The discussion revolves round the Polish Language Act of 1999 which set the rules appropriate to ‘protecting’ Polish from ‘foreign influences’ (English in particular). Subject to examination is the Act’s origins, the government’s motives for it, as well as amendments the Act has undergone since it was first promulgated in 1999 and the justifications for them. Finally, the paper addresses various practical implications stemming from the Act and manifested in a number of more or less spectacular actions taken by the competent bodies and authorities in order to protect the Polish language.

11

SHAPING AND PROTECTING THE TOURIST-RECREATIONAL SPACE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUSKAU PARK (PARK MUZAKOWSKI)

100%

Ziółkowska-Weiss K.

Studia Periegetica

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2013

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vol. 9

31-41

EN

The Muskau Park constitutes the central place of the Muskau Bend Landscape Park. It is situated on the largest terminal moraine in the world. This article aims at evaluating the tourist valuables of the Park, their size and tourist development conditions. It presents the results of a poll conducted on a 100-peoplegroup of visitors to the Muskau Park. The poll was to determine the nationality of the surveyed tourists, the frequency of their visits, time they spend there, the number of accompanying persons, reasons of their visit, forms of tourism they practice, and their opinion on the tourism, landscape and leisure values of the historical facilities both on the Polish and German sides of the border. The questions will also consider tourism movement, tourist management, attractiveness, promotion of Muskau Park and the evaluation of tourist and leisure offer of the area. The conducted SWOT analysis will aim at describing the tourist values and chances of development for tourism in the Muskau Park. Thanks to the analysis, strong and weak points of the park will be emphasized. The article will propose forms of tourism which could become useful in activating the tourism and recreation aspect of the area. It will also suggest the forms of increasing tourist attractiveness and point out the threats for the values of the Park. The results of the SWOT analysis will be used to prove that the Muskau Park is predisposed for the tourism and recreation function. It is a domain of a large potential and possibilities for development. The conditions for this development lie within recognizing the social needs and expectations. Due to the insufficient tourist infrastructure and lack of a promotional campaign of a countrywide or even Europe-wide range, the tourism of Muskau Park and its values have not become widely known.

12

ZRÓWNOWAŻONY ROZWÓJ BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W RUCHU DROGOWYM NA PRZYKŁADZIE POWIATU RACIBORSKIEGO

100%

Florek T.

Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development

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2020

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issue 2(99)

139-149

EN

Even in the ancient times, the need to ensure the safety of human life and the willingness and the possibility of free movement of people with the simultaneous development of means of transport, was noticed by people responsible for the safety of other people. There, where danger was noted, the rules for moving along the routes were gradually introduced. These rules were applied to pedestrians and riders, and later they were adapted to the development of communication technology and they also concerned people using mechanical and non-mechanical vehicles. The sustainable development of technologies related to the road traffic, combined with the rule of adapting the regulations defining the principles of moving on the roads and at the same time ensuring safety for all road users, continues to this day. The constant need to improve the road infrastructure or the need and possibility of free movement is reflected in the revisions of road traffic regulations, which not only ensure our safety at the present time, but also impose obligations on us. The need to make revision of the regulations, resulting from continuous safety analyses, shows which traffic-related areas should be focused on. Among others, such areas are infrastructure, safety related services and supervision over road traffic, the need to introduce innovative safety systems and preventive measures. With reference to the aforementioned areas, an analysis of road safety was carried out on the basis of the road incidents and their participants. The aforementioned safety analysis was carried out on the basis of the statistical data on road incidents that occurred in Raciborz County in the years 2015-2019, where the number of road incidents is presented, divided by legal qualifications, groups of road users, testimonies of road users in connection with the violation of road traffic regulations, the results of road incidents, with indication which “areas” should be focused on in order to improve road safety.

13

Instrumenty rynkowe dla potrzeb polityki w zakresie ochrony środowiska

100%

Sitek M.

Studia Ełckie

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2011

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vol. 13

343-352

EN

The European Commission assumes that apart from the legal regulations and the other instruments, the market administrative instruments should be applied to a large extent, therein the systems of trading the powers to emission, taxes and grants, as the remunerative tool of realizing the ecological purposes and the other aims of the policy at the Union and national level. This is according to the Lisbon strategy, the strategy for the balanced development and the strategy towards the better legal regulations. The most important aspect of this longlasting role is the fact that these instruments afford the relevant, presented in this document, benefits for the fiscal goals, within the environmental protection and the allocation of the resources. By means of this document the Commission would like to initiate the discussion about the greater participating of the community market instruments in implementation of these purposes, particularly, if it concerns the indirect taxes. In this document there are also the other areas defined about applying the market instruments, in case of which the Community could facilitate the exchange of some verified solutions. The Commission expects the reaction to their presented conceptions and the answer to some basic particular questions and also the opinion about the market instruments, which of them would be the best to achieve the maximum of positive effects.

14

Enhancing the Management Level of Critical Infrastructure Protection

100%

Seidl M., Šimák L., Ristvej J.

Logistics and Transport

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2014

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vol. 24

65-76

EN

The requirements of the European Union on the security and safety and the critical infrastructure protection. The conception of the critical infrastructure protection in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. The system of the university preparation of the experts in Slovakia and its particularities in the conditions of the crisis management. Requirements on the crisis managers operating in the area of protecting the elements of the crisis infrastructure. The conception of the curricula, the structure of the general and professional, compulsory and optional subjects and particularities in the accreditation process.

15

Współczesne wyzwania w zakresie ochrony infrastruktury krytycznej

100%

Świątkowska J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2014

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issue 12

31-44

EN

The article analyzes the problem of protecting the critical infrastructure. It discusses current trends of ensuring its security and the way of identifying threats. Particular attention is paid to the issues of public-private cooperation which is the key component of actions influencing the security of critical infrastructure. The article also presents the main challenges that efficient private-public cooperation must face as well as best practices and recommendations.

16

Jednostki antyterrorystyczne polskiej policji i ich zadania

100%

Szkurłat I.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2014

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issue 12

19-30

EN

Terrorism is a phenomenon that leads to, among others, intimidating citizens and inducing the sense of threat and panic. Anti-terrorist units that exist in most of countries are one of the forms of fighting against terrorism. The article provides definitions of terms such as terrorism, antiterrorism, counterterrorism, and criminal terror. It mentions changes that have been taking place in the anti-terrorist subdivisions of the Polish police over the years. The author of the article characterizes the current structure that acts for antiterrorism in the Polish police. She also uses police statistics regarding the engagement of anti-terroristic units.

17

Kompetencje organów Sejmu i Senatu związane z ochroną powagi izb

100%

Malec-Lewandowski P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2021

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issue 4 (36)

33-58

EN

The article concerns the competences of the organs of the Sejm and the Senate related to protecting the dignity of the chambers. These competences were established as a part of a reaction to the course of the so-called “Sejm crisis”, consisting in the occupation, initially, of the Sejm’s rostrum and then the Sejm’s Meeting Room by MPs from opposition parties at the turn of 2016 and 2017. Using the dogmatic method, the publication aims to define the essence of competences, their applicable and planned regulations, and to evaluate these regulations and formulate possible de lege ferenda postulates on the basis of this evaluation. The main thesis of the article includes a negative evaluation of the applicable regulations of competences due to their contradiction with certain provisions of the Constitution, in particular with Art. 2 of the Constitution, i.e. within the framework of the principle of a democratic state ruled by law established in this provision and the resulting, inter alia, principles of decent legislation, including the principle of the specificity of law, as well as Art. 54 sec. 1 in connection with Art. 31 sec. 3 of the Constitution (i.e. the freedom of expression), Art. 11 of the Constitution (i.e. the freedom to establish and freedom of activity of political parties within the scope of the purpose of their activity, which is to influence on state policy by democratic methods) and Art. 32 of the Constitution (i.e. the principle of equality of political parties resulting from the principle of political pluralism). In this context, the most important is the risk of the so-called “chilling effect”. The publication also includes a positive evaluation of a few of the planned regulations of competences, which may allow for the elimination of the above contradictions or ensure a more complete implementation of the objective of competences, including guaranteeing the dignity of the chambers.

18

PERCEPTION OF THE HOTEL GUESTS OF FIRE SAFETY – A CHOSEN EXAMPLE

100%

Kaganek K., Krawczyk J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2014

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vol. 16(16)

228-246

EN

The main issues of the article touch on some fire protection aspects in the context of tourism which is the security of hotel guests. This article covers basic issues related to providing security and fire protection. The purpose of this article is to raise and diagnose awareness among tourists, including hotel guests with regard to fire protection. At the hotel, in particular, this assessment may help us to find the right answer to the question about how security and fire protection are perceived by hotel guests. In order to do this, we have done a survey among 107 hotel guests at the hotel situated in Silesia.

19

Ochrona klienta ubezpieczeń w Polsce

89%

Wierzbicka E.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

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2015

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vol. 35

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issue 2

71-79

EN

The aim of the article is to point out the need to increase consumer insurance protection in Poland, which has not only an individual, but also a macroeconomic dimension. Insurance cannot be seen only through the prism of individual risk management. Here are important also systemic risk and of macroeconomic factors. The low level of insurance risk, including individual consumer, and insufficient confidence in the insurers, would increase economic and social costs if such a risks be materialized. The problems associated with customer protection the author discusses on the example of life insurance with a capital fund, and deposit policies.

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie potrzeby zwiększenia w Polsce ochrony klienta zakładów ubezpieczeń, która ma wymiar nie tylko indywidualny, ale także makroekonomiczny. Nie można patrzeć na ubezpieczenie wyłącznie przez pryzmat indywidualnego zarządzania ryzykiem. Ważne jest również ryzyko systemowe i makroekonomiczne. Niski poziom ubezpieczenia ryzyka, w tym też klientów indywidualnych, oraz niedostateczne zaufanie do ubezpieczycieli zwiększa koszty ekonomiczne i społeczne w przypadku materializacji ryzyka. Autorka omawia problemy związane z ochroną klienta na przykładzie ubezpieczenia na życie z funduszem kapitałowym oraz polisolokat.

20

Próba oceny nowych rozwiązań w zakresie karnoprawnej ochrony dziedzictwa kultury

88%

Trzciński M.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2019

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vol. 51

103-122

EN

In the years 2017–2018, new regulations appeared in the system of criminal legal protection of cultural heritage. It seems that some of them should significantly strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, in particular the increasing of penalties for the destruction of monuments, as well as the determination that carrying out searches for monuments without appropriate permission is treated as a crime since 2018. Unfortunately, the significant dispersion of criminal laws and the lack of an appropriate chapter in the penal code which would refer to crime against cultural heritage is still a serious drawback of the functioning system.

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