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EN
Business secret is a legal solution aimed to protect the vital interests of an entrepreneur. However, it may prove difficult to define the scope of protected information due to the lack of clear criteria to exclude such information from being publically available. The legal acts that regulate secrecy often use unclear notions, which may result in freedom to define the protected area and lead to abuse.
EN
The concept of procedural fairness plays an important role in the enforcement of competition law, which must not only be effective but also fair. Thus, legal institutions should guarantee a proper level of protection of the values of procedural fairness. This paper is dedicated to the possible conflict between the guarantees of procedural fairness that find their expression in the right to be heard and in the protection of confidential information. Both guarantees, the right to be heard on the one side, and the protection of confidential information on the other, should be properly balanced. Unlike EU law, Polish legislation and jurisprudence proves to be inefficient in this respect. Article 69 of the Competition Act fails to show clearly what the limits of the protection of confidential information are in situations when the right to be heard of other parties of antitrust proceedings is at stake. Business secrets are predominantly protected over the right to be heard also in the jurisprudence of Polish courts. By contrast, the Competition Act does not seem to properly protect confidential information other than business secrets. Such situation poses a risk for the adequate level of protection of procedural fairness in Polish antitrust enforcement. Moreover, neither Polish legislation nor jurisprudence explains to companies what shall prevail in the case of a concrete conflict between the protection of business secrets and the right to be heard. An answer to this questions is needed seeing as proof of a competition law infringement which should be accessible to the parties, can at the same time constitute a business secret.
FR
Le concept de l’équité procédurale joue un rôle important dans le renforcement de la loi de la concurrence, qui, outre d’être efficace, doit aussi aussi être équitable. Pour cela, les institutions légales devraient garantir le niveau de protection de l’équité procedurale nécessaire. L'objet de cet article est d'étudier les conflits possibles entre les garantis de l’équité procédurale qui trouvent leur expression dans le droit d'être entendu et dans la protection des données confidentielles.
EN
The conditions for mechanisms of screening of foreign direct investments employed by EU Member States are set out in Article 3 of EU Regulation 2019/452 establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments into the Union. The purpose of the article is to assess the consequences of this provision for Polish law, with particular emphasis on the possible need for legislative intervention to ensure its full effectiveness. The following requirements have been taken into consideration: non-discrimination, transparency, appropriate timeframes, protection of confidential information, ensuring the right of recourse, preventing circumvention of the screening mechanism. The analysis leads to a conclusion that the entry into force of Article 3 of Regulation 2019/452 does not require Polish legislation to be amended.
PL
Warunki, jakim mają odpowiadać mechanizmy filtrowania bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych stosowane przez państwa członkowskie UE, zostały określone w art. 3 rozporządzenia UE 2019/452 ustanawiającego ramy monitorowania bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Unii. Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie konsekwencji tego przepisu dla prawa polskiego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ewentualnej konieczności interwencji ustawodawcy w celu zapewnienia pełnej jego skuteczności. Analizie zostały poddane następujące wymogi: zakaz dyskryminacji, przejrzystość, odpowiednie ramy czasowe, ochrona informacji poufnych, zapewnienie prawa do odwołania oraz przeciwdziałanie obchodzeniu mechanizmu monitorowania. Przeprowadzona ocena prowadzi do wniosku, że wejście w życie art. 3 rozporządzenia nie pociąga za sobą konieczności zmian w ustawodawstwie polskim.
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