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EN
On the border of the 80’s and 90’s of the twentieth century a criterion of Polish as the main way of self-identification lost its definiteness and self-sufficiency, and therefore the character-narrator-author of a significant portion of young prose works of this period sought support for his own “I” in finding “a little homeland” and in the artistic arranging of his personal genealogy. Memory has become a basis for self-identification, and a nostalgic family myth intertwined in one: the history of the relatives and the genius loci, illuminating the history of the nation only through them. The nostalgic map of Polish literature has been enriched in the 90s by new Western territories (works by P. Huelle, S. Chwin, A.D. Liskowacki, J. Limon, A. Jurewicz, etc.). It was made by the children and grandchildren of displaced, whose children's imagination was fed, on the one hand by the stories of parents and grandparents about the resettlement, on the other – by the half-erased traces of German life. The protagonists of the prose which is often written from the perspective of the post-memory (memoirs of strange trauma, flowing not so much from the experience but from empathy), undertake a kind of archeology of the Recovered Territories, whose memory is similar to the multi-layered palimpsest, bringing out hidden traces of the war and pre-war future of both their own and foreign ancestors. The natural carriers of knowledge of the past are objects, creating “a pocket”, “portable” homeland of their parents and grandparents, as well as things that store the echo of someone else’s experience, a strange fate. The chosen model of autobiographical narrative – stretched between the consciousness of a former child and adult today – enables reading this space-palimpsest without bias, and overcomes the ambivalent sense of randomness/ purposefullness of their own fate, as a result of the family history determined by the chaos of History, offering the possibility to guess the meaning of one’s own existence. Accordingly, the novels and short stories of the late twentieth century regarding the Recovered Territories focus on the issue of memory, and the guiding principle of the narrative is an attempt to achieve, with the assistance of it – a unity of biography, both on the level of family, and space.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy porównawczej wczesnej twórczości Zofii Nałkowskiej i Iryny Wilde pod względem nowatorstwa zastosowanych technik pisarskich. W toku analiz wiele uwagi poświęcono motywom wspólnym obu pisarkom, zwłaszcza eksponowaniu przez nie wewnętrz-nego świata kobiety. Szczegółowo zanalizowano wypowiedzi współcze-snych krytyków na temat dzieł obu pisarek, wskazując pewne paralele.
EN
The article presents a comparative analysis of early works by Zofia Nałkowska and Iryna Vilde due to their innovatory character in the literature of their era. The article examined the critical assessment of their works in detail and points out certain parallels in the reception of critics at the time. In the analysis,special attention has been given to similar themes in the works by both these writers, especially their focus on women’s inner world and search for new means of artistic expression.
EN
Zapiski z nocnych dyżurów by Jacek Baczak is devoted to the world of hospices, which is generally absent from the world of multiplied presence. Baczak tries to describe it, to express the suffering of this place through words, slowly passing away, and death. His description cannot refer to ready-made matrices, schemes or tested and familiar languages. His description is thus constructed from the simples, the most translucent, ascetic elements. Thanks to this, it becomes poignantly genuine and serving. While restrained in the face of death, it is also moving.
PL
Zapiski z nocnych dyżurów Jacka Baczaka to rzecz o nieobecnym w kulturze, przemilczanym hospicyjnym świecie będącym przestrzenią spotęgowanej obcości. Baczak podejmuje próbę jego opisania, wysłowienia nagromadzonego tam cierpienia, powolnego odchodzenia i śmierci. Jego opis nie może odwoływać się do gotowych matryc, schematów czy wypróbowanych i oswojonych języków. Opis powstaje więc z elementów najprostszych, najbardziej przezroczystych, ascetycznych. Staje się dzięki temu dojmująco wiarygodny, służebny. Zachowując dalece idącą powściągliwość wobec spraw ostatecznych, boleśnie dotyka.
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