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Ewolucja przemysłu zaawansowanej technologii i sektora teleinformatycznego (ICT) w Finlandii

100%
Stachowiak K.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2009
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vol. 13
122-132
EN
The paper presents in a broad outline the main characteristics of the evolution of the Finnish high-tech industry and ICT sector within the context of general changes in industry and the national economy. In the last decades of the 20th century Finland dynamically developed a knowledge-based economy and became one of the leaders of the information society. A spectacular manifestation of this is the position of the country in global competitiveness rankings, where Finland has occupied a top position for several years, sometimes even being ahead of the United States. The so-called ‘Finnish model of information society’ is characterised, among others, by a significant growth in knowledge-intensive industries and a complex system of research and development support. However, all those changes were dependent on the previous development path of the country. The structure of Finnish industry was rather one-sided until the 1980s, when knowledge- and expertise-intensive production started to catch up with the level of manufacturing dominated by raw materials, capital and energy. For a long time, Finland specialised in the forest industry and in the processing of metals. A new sector that has developed during the past decades is electronics and, especially, the manufacturing of communication devices. Furthermore, the economy has changed more dramatically in Finland than in any other developed country over the same period of time. Industries have become technology-intensive and production is strongly characterised by specialisation. Finland has become the most specialised country in information and communication technology in the world, and this specialisation trend is continuing. The forest industry and other traditional industries rely more and more on the new technologies and state-of-the-art knowledge. In Finland, industrialisation started later than in other countries, but it was very rapid. Industrial production and exports grew faster than the rest of the economy in the 1990s, and the structure of exports diversified. Unlike other developed countries, Finland “re-industrialised” in the 1990s. The contribution of industry to the total volume of production and employment has been higher in Finland than in other advanced economies in the past couple of years.
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Kapitał ludzki jako uwarunkowanie rozwoju Przemysłu 4.0 w państwach Unii Europejskiej

61%
Pilichowska P.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2021
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vol. 35
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issue 2
9-26
EN
Human capital is the factor most often mentioned, next to knowledge and innovation, that allows gaining a market advantage in modern economies. This concept is defined as a derivative of education, acquired qualifications, and practical skills. The currently observed dynamic development of advanced technologies requires the inclusion of high-quality human capital in this process. The study aims to assess the potential of human capital as a condition for the development of Industry 4.0. The research included indicators concerning the share of employment in the high-technology industry and knowledge-based services, the share of employment in the high and medium-high technology industry, and analysed the share of people with higher education in these types of industries. The study covered the Member States of the European Union. The time scope of the research covers the years 2013 and 2018. The analysis was based on statistical information from the Eurostat database.
PL
W nowoczesnych gospodarkach kapitał ludzki to najczęściej wymieniany, obok wiedzy i innowacji, czynnik pozwalający na osiągnięcie przewagi rynkowej. Pojęcie to określane jest jako pochodna wykształcenia, zdobytych kwalifikacji oraz praktycznych umiejętności. Obserwowany obecnie dynamiczny rozwój zaawansowanych technologii wymaga włączenia w ten proces wysokiej jakości kapitału ludzkiego. Celem opracowania jest ocena potencjału kapitału ludzkiego jako uwarunkowania rozwoju Przemysłu 4.0. W badaniach uwzględniono wskaźniki dotyczące udziału zatrudnienia w przemyśle wysokich technologii i usług opartych na wiedzy, udziału zatrudnienia w przemyśle wysokich i średniowysokich technologii oraz przeanalizowano udział osób z wyższym wykształceniem w przedmiotowych rodzajach przemysłu. Badaniem zostały objęte kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej. Zakres czasowy badań obejmuje lata 2013 i 2018. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie informacji statystycznych pochodzących z bazy danych Eurostat.
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