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Verbum Vitae
|
2003
|
vol. 4
213-226
PL
La polémique avec les Juifs au sujet de la signification de la circoncision est l’un des motifs les plus importants de l’interprétation d’Origène sur l’alliance d’Abraham. Origène prouve qu’i l n’est pas possible de comprendre la circoncision au sens corporel. Dans son argumentation il se réfère à la typologie de Paul, voyant dans les événements de l’Ancien Testament l’annonce des événements du Nouveau Testament, mais il ne développe pas ce genre de typologie. On peut même constater qu’il évite radicalement des discussions détaillées quelle que soient, en pouvant rendre concrète cette typologie. Cette concision contraste nettement avec la prédilection pour l'interprétation spirituelle. Là, Origène approche des mentions de l’Ancien Testament sur la circoncision de la bouche, des oreilles, du coeur et il interprète en détail chacune d’elles en tant qu’un appel vers la perfection. En plus il déploie cette image sur tous les membres du corps, en attribuant à chacun d’eux une signification spirituelle. En conséquence de cette orientaton chez Origène la typologie: l’alliance-le baptême soit l’alliaince-l'Eucharistie n’apparaît pas. La matière - les signes de l’alliance n’annonçaient pas de signes materiels de sacrements. Surtout l’association de la circoncision avec le baptême serait entièrement opposée a la logique de son raisonnement. Dès qu’il souligne vivement que le signe corporel de la circoncision doit être saisi dans la perspective spirituelle, il ne peut pas désigner le baptême. Pourtant le baptême est aussi le signe matériel. Telle juxtaposition reduirait alors l’Eglise au même niveau sur lequelles Juifs demeurent, cependant l’Eglise n’est pas une simple continuation de la nation juive: les Juifs saisissaient Dieu d’une façon corporelle et les chrétiens, en revanche, - d’une façon spirituelle. L’accent mis sur «la vieillesse» et non sur la perfection d’Abraham est l’élément suivant, mais de deuxième ordre, qui éloigne l’alliance de l’interpretation d’Origène du baptême. L’alliance avec Abraham annonce alors une perfection définitive, une pleine union avec le Christ.
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100%
Verbum Vitae
|
2003
|
vol. 4
227-243
PL
Soumis à une règle ascéétique tres rigoureuse les bnay qyama prenaient la place entre le clergéé et les laics dans l’Eglise perse du IV siècle. L’analyse de cet article se porte sur l’idée de l’alliance dans l’Exposés d’Aphrahate. L’essence et des consééquences de sa conception de l' alliance déterminent une observance asceetique et une lourde responsabilitéé du service liturgique de l’Eglise. Etant donne qu’il sagit des bnay qyama le terme "ordre" serait plus precis, donc il faudrait dire des "fils de l’Ordre". Les mots "pacte" ou "alliance" connotent des contenus sémantiques moins riches.
Ius Matrimoniale
|
2015
|
vol. 26
|
issue 4
5-28
EN
This article draws attention to two important values that are relatedto marriage. The first of them is love, which is a feature of marriage, and which is oriented on bearing and raising offspring who require responsible parenthood. The second is mercy, which is a prerequisite in marriage itself and a duty of the Church in its pastoral care of marriages facing difficulties which weaken their love and break their sacramental unity. These two values: love and mercy, considered in the context of sacramental marriage, are in a significant relation to covenant between God and human being and in relation to the covenant between Christ and the Church. Comparing these two God’s covenants with human being in the Old and New Testament with sacramental marriage leads to a clear conclusion that marriage seems as truly reflecting the covenant between Christ and the Church (cf. Ephesians 5, 21-33). In this part marriage is considered as good and sacred gift of God given to humans both for their best interests of one another and for social good. For marriage itself is a significant source of family which, in turn, is the fundamental unit of the society and nation. Since family finds its source in conjugal unity the care of Church and the state should be directed at the good of marriage and family. Such care should be displayed especially in situations in which the unity of marriage is endangered and which may lead to family breakdown.
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Ius Matrimoniale
|
2003
|
vol. 14
|
issue 8
5-21
EN
Die Ehe enshteht aus dem Geheimnis der uralten Gottes Liebe zu Menschen. Das auf die Offenbarung hingestellte Magisterium der Kirche, immer sucht Wege um diese Wahrheit besser zu ausdrücken. Eine doktrinäre Richtung , die durch die Konstitution „Gaudium et spes” bestimmt wurde , hat gezeigt, daß das Streben nach der Entwicklung der Doktrin de matrimonio eine Darstellung der Ehe als institutum amoris coniugalis voraussetzt. Ebendeshalb der Papst Johannes Paul II., der in seiner Lehre theologisch-anthropologische Tiefe der ehelichen Kommunion enthüllt, bezeichnet die Ehe konsequent als „Bund der ehelichen Liebe”. Die päpstliche „Leibtheologie” offenbart eine genetische und ontologisch-existenzielle Verbindung zwischen der ehelichen communio personarum und der Kommunion der Personen von Trinität. Jene trinitarische Analogie, deren ein fundamentales Prinzip eben die Liebe ist, ermöglicht im volleren Licht die Natur der Ehe zu erkennen. Man kann folglich erwarten, daß der theologisch und kanonistisch relevante Begriff:, foedus amoris coniugalis” neue Impulse zu wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen weitergeben wird.
Verbum Vitae
|
2005
|
vol. 8
117-136
PL
Gesu durante la sua vita terrena si rivela come colui che va incontro all'uomo. Ai malati porta la salute, ai peccatori il perdono, agli indemoniati la liberta, ai morti ridona la vita. In Lui si avvicina il Regno di Dio. lncomincia il tempo della salvezza escatologica. Crea attorno a se una comunita d'amore composta dalie persone che vengono da Lui o attirate dalia sua bonta. Le parole di Gesu e le sue opere rivelano la sua pro-esistenza salvifica. La salvezza anticipata nellia terrestre pro-esistenza di Gesu - raggiunge la sua pienezza nella sua Pasqua. In questo momento l'opera delia salvezza raggiunge ił suo apice: Gesu offre agli uomini se stesso. La croce di Cristo - vissuta come sacrificio pasquale - espia i peccati e permette ad ogni uomo di entrare nella nuova alleanza con Dio. La croce di Cristo e stata anticipata nell'evento dell'Ultima Cena. Fra questi due eventi esiste inscindibile connessione. L'avvenimento dell'Ultima Cena consiste nel fatto che Gesu distribuisce il suo Corpo e il suo Sangue, ossia la sua esistenza terrena, dando se stesso. La morte violenta di Gesu, vissuta nell'obbedienza filiale e nell'amore, viene trasformata in un sacrificio volontario, in quest'atto d'amore che e la redenzione del mondo. In modo esplicito l'amore infinito di Cristo - testimoniato sulla Croce - viene rivelato nelle parole dell'Ultima Cena. L'Eucaristia e presenza del Sacrificio di Cristo che consiste nel sommo atto di donazione, dell'amore "sino alla fine". Gesu, nelle parole dell'istituzione dell'Eucaristia che provengono dalla terminologia sacrificale dell'Antico Testamento trasformata in linguaggio personale, esprime la verita salvifica che egli e il Sacrificio reale e definitivo. Dio non ha bisogno di tori e vitelli. Dio aspetta quell'amore infinito, che e l'unica vera conciliazione fra cielo e terra. Questo stesso amore donato nell'Eucaristia agli uomini espia i loro peccati, crea la nuova alleanza e porta loro nel regno di Dio.
PL
Fragment Mk 2:18-22 consists of two originally separate units: Mk 2:18-20 and 2:20-21. Each of them plays on the OT idea of covenant, which has not been broken by human sins, but is freshly renewed by merciful God. The new covenant of spousal love established in Jesus is not only an accomplished fact, but also always a challenge and invitation to seek Jesus - physically absent, but spiritually present for His people.
Verbum Vitae
|
2003
|
vol. 4
177-210
PL
An exegesis of the central part of The Letter to the Hebrews (8, 1-9, 28) leads to the conclusion that the author of this NT message, being faithful to Biblical tradition (prophetic announcement texts and OT cultic ritual laws) as well as Gospel tradition from the Last Supper gives the conviction that the death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the Sinai Covenant, particularly its very core, meaning the cult it aimed to attain but did not. Essentially, the earthly shrine in Jerusalem was not the way to heaven, the high priest was a sinful man and did not have a sacrifice uniting the people (man) with God. This cult had a role of a design for the fully effective and final cult. Apparently the Sinai Covenant, according to The Letter to the Hebrews, is an elapsing (aging; temporal) outline of the "New Covenant", the lasting and definitive Covenant-Testament.  The autbor shows that tbe relationship between the Sinai Covenant and the New Covenant-Testament in the Letter to the Hebrews is like that between the outline of a picture and the actual picture, in effect a relationship of:- A continuation of that, which comprises the main ideas (a bond between God and people );-A lack in continuation of important institutions (the OT cult);- Radical newness (the sacrifice of Christ joining man with God through the resurrection).The Sinai Covenant is the model of the New Covenant-Testament - the only one for all peoples without exception, as well as the "new and living Way" to God for all - Jews and pagans - it is Jesus Christ, the perfect Man and true Son ofGod "The New Covenant" is not a renewal of the Sinai Covenant, but being a continuation of the old, first way, is at the same time a completely new kind of way. "The New Covenant" is centered about the High Priest, who "once and for all" offered himself as sacrifice and in this way "opened (in himself) the new and living Way" (Heb 10,20a). There is no other Way to the living God for any man on earth in order to be united with Him for ages.
PL
Zu Beginn des Neuen Testaments entsteht in die Diaspora in Alexandrien Sophia Salomonos. Im Buch der Weisheit treffen sich die semitische Kultur des Bildes und die griechische Kultur der Begriffe. Der Autor berücksichtigt sowohl die traditionell Denkenden als auch ist offen auf die hellenistische Welt. Dieses Verwurzeln – Sein in der Geschichte mit der Offenheit gegenüber der ganzen Menschheit hat in der Darstellung des Bundes seinen Ausdruck gefunden. Im ersten Teil (1,1-6,21) und im dritten (Weish 10,1-19,22) verwendet der Autor den Begriff berith, im zweiten (6,21-9, 18), benutzt er den fuer damalige Kultur bedeutungsvollen Begriff philia. Durch die Anwendung von Antonomasie behandelt der Autor des Bundes der Weisheit die geschichtlichen Erfahrungen als die Typen von universellen Handlungen. Der Universalismus des Buches der Weisheit übernimmt das Neue Testament, besonders de Apostel der Voelker.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony biblijnemu pojęciu przymierza, które w żydowskiej tradycji, w tym także tradycji politycznej, zajmuje miejsce szczególne. O ile przymierze z Noem ustanowiło prawo naturalne, obowiązujące wszystko stworzenie, o tyle przymierze na Górze Synaj było bezpośrednią relacją pomiędzy Bogiem a Izraelitami i dało początek ich istnieniu jako społeczności politycznej. Mówiąc o przymierzu w tradycji żydowskiej, mamy więc na myśli przede wszystkim przymierze Mojżeszowe, zwane także Wielkim Przymierzem. Wraz z nim zaczyna się historia Żydów, ono określa żydowski sposób życia i myślenia, także w odniesieniu do sfery politycznej. Należy podkreślić, że akceptowane dziś powszechnie w świecie zachodnim polityczne pojęcia suwerenności ludu, republikanizmu, federalizmu, podziału władzy są świeckim pokłosiem biblijnej idei przymierza, która zakorzeniła się w filozofii politycznej Zachodu za sprawą tradycji żydowskiej. Polityczny wymiar tradycji żydowskiej znalazł należne jej miejsce w literaturze naukowej głównie za sprawą Daniela Judah Elazara (1934 – 1999), wybitnego znawcy federalizmu i tradycji żydowskiej.
EN
This article describes the biblical notion of covenant (berith). The term covenant in the Jewish tradition has a strong theological, as well as a political dimension. The covenant motif is central to the biblical world view, the basis of all relationships, the mechanism for defining and allocating authority, and the foundation of the biblical political teaching. Sinai Covenant has been the basis for all legitimate Jewish political organization from antiquity to the present. Jewish political institutions and behavior reflect this covenantal base in the way that they give expression to the political relationship as a partnership based upon a morally grounded pact and, like all partnerships, oriented toward decision and policy-making through negotiation and bargaining. Wherever the possibility has existed, Jews have organized their political institutions on a federal basis (berith - Latin: foedus from federal). A covenanted community is republican in the original sense of res publica, a public thing, rather than the private preserve of any person or institution. In the Bible, the Jewish republic is referred to as the edah, from the term for assembly - in other words, a body politically based on the general assembly of its citizens for decision -making purposes. The covenant idea has within it the seeds of modern constitutionalism, in which it emphasizes the mutually accepted limitations on the power of all parties to it, a limitation not inherent in nature but involving willed concession. This idea of limiting power is of the first importance in the biblical worldview and for humanity as a whole since it helps explain why an omnipotent God does not exercise His omnipotence in the affairs of humans. The political compacts of the philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth century have been inspired by the biblical covenant, except that it was secular in character. The political dimension of the Jewish tradition has found its rightful place in the scientific literature thanks to Daniel Judah Elazar (1934 – 1999), eminent expert on federalism and the Jewish tradition.
The Biblical Annals
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1986
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vol. 33
|
issue 1
5-21
PL
Der Bundęsgedanke im Alten Testament ist nicht eindeutig; man kann das, was P berit nennt und dabei ais rein theologischen Begriff versteht, in einem fur P eigenen Sion ais Bund verstehen. KIares Beispiel dafür ist der Bundesschluss mit Noach in Gen 9, 1-l7. Das Dauern seines Heilswillens offenbart Gott dadurch, dass er das geschaffene Leben vor der Vernichtung rettet. Der Hensch und mit ihm alles Leben behalten trotz Sunde und Gericht den SchSpfungasegen und di Gottesebenbildlichkeit. Die Aufforderungen Gen 9, 4-6 sind weder Gebote noch Bundesbedingungen, sondern sie stellen eine paranetische Einfuhrung zum Bundesschluss dar. Der Bund selbst ist nach P eine bedingungslose Gabe, die Noach und alle zukunftigen Geschlechter der Menschheit für immer erhalten. Das von menschlichem Handeln unabhängige Bundeszeichen wird immer die gfittliche Zuwendung, Gnade und Treue verkunden.
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75%
The Biblical Annals
|
1963
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
5-19
PL
For understanding of arguments of Moses’ Law it is necessary to know geografical, historical, economical and social conditions and first of all the religious atmosphere of Israel of that time. The religious element gives this law a universal value and that is why it frames the background for future evangelic law.I. Texts of Law: Included in Pentateuchus do not compose a uniform, whole, however the egzegets, by using literary and historical criteria arranged them into certain collections. Those collections, quoad substantiam, should be refered to Moses’ epoch though final compositions could have been done in later times.II. The law is a result of synaic covenant. The evidence are: a) names of law: Tôrah, ʽedût, Dābār define the theological aspect of law and are taken from religious life. Tôrah is a doctrine discovered by Jahwe, ʽedût is a protocol of concluded covenant, Dābār defines detailed rules of manifested law. Juridical vocabulary is represented by: Mišepatîm, Huqqîm, Mieewāh and other. Their contents are taken from custom life in Moses’ Law filled with religious spirit. b) contents of covenant an Synai: It is an agreement of conditional character dependet an peoples conduct. The conduct is regulated by Law so breaking of Law at the some time means breaking of covenant. Conclusion: The Law is a given will of Jahwe regulating the life of Israel and by that preparing the time of redemption.III. The Law demands holinees of double meaning: a) Holinees as moral perfection is demanded by moral law. It cannot be stated here as if Israelits in those days had no elaborated idea of holinees. Such opinion contradicts with the contents of Genesis and well carried egzegesis of law. b) Holinees as legal chastity is demanded by ceremonial law. The law regarding offering whose task is to restore lost chastity play an importand role. Conclusion: Law is a measure for educating holy nation. Legal chastity is to remind and secure moral sanctity. IV. The Old Law as the type of New. One should seek the basis of such typology: a) among prophets, who speaking about new covenant and law refer to the old, b) in from beyond biblical iudaistic tradition, c) in promises of the Gospel of St. Matthews, d) in letters of St. Paul, e) in statements of Fathers and writers of the Church. Conclusion: Finis legis Christus (Rom. 10, 4).
The Biblical Annals
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1991
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vol. 38
|
issue 1
35-42
PL
The paper is an analysis of the oracle in Ezek 16, 60-61a; 37, 26; Is 55, 3; 61, 8. It allows to state that the prophets of the time of the Babylonian slavery basically took the concept „everlasting covenant” to mean a new covenant between God and Israel. As a result of this Jahve will for ever live among His people. The nation will be internally and spiritually transformed, so that they will never be unfaithful to their God.
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75%
PL
L’alliance mentionnée dans les paroles de consécration a deux versions. Les deux traduisent la même pensée à savoir que 1’alliance a été contractée dans le sang, toutefois la version de St. Mathieu et de St. Marc se réfère à 1’alliance du Sinaï, la version de St. Luc et de St. Paul à la prédiction de Jérémie. II existait donc dans l’ancienne Église deux traditions parallèles au sujet de 1’alliance nommée par le Christ au cours de la Sainte Cène. Si l’on suit les deux traditions dans le Nouveau Testament on arrive à la constatation que St. Paul unissait le prophète Jérémie à 1’alliance et qu’il se prononçait contre l’alliance du Sinaï. Cette demière tradition (Mathieu, Marc, Hebr.) avait des affinités avec Palestine, la première (Luc, Paul) avec Antioche. Les deux traditions voyaient différemment l’oeuvre du Christ à la Sainte Cène, toutes deux sont pourtant d’accord sur le fait que 1’alliance nouée par le Christ prend place de’alllance nouée avec Dieu par Moïse.
Verbum Vitae
|
2005
|
vol. 8
73-97
PL
Il testo di Mi 6,1-8 tradizionalmente viene considerato como un esempio di critica profetica del culto. In tale prospettiva scompare la questione fondamentale dell'alleanza, segnalata gia dal genere letterario della disputa profetica. Su questo sfondo bisogna situare le domande riguardanti il ruolo del sacrificio nella relazione tra Dio e l'uomo. L'alleanza rimane un dono da parte di Dio che si impegna nella storia umana, fondando una comunione vitale con lsraele sulla base della sua giustizia e misericordia. Questi tre doni divini: comunione, misericordia e giustizia diventano un modello per una risposta dell'uomo al dono dell'alleanza (Mi 6,8). L'analisi esegetica rivela che il profeta non nega il ruolo del culto, ma soltanto cercha di redefinirlo come una manifestazione, un rinnovamento e un rafforzamento dell'alleanza.
Verbum Vitae
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2003
|
vol. 4
79-97
PL
Der nehemianische Bund gehört nicht zu den meinst bekanntesten Bünde des Alten Testament. Er ist nicht so majestätisch dargestellt, es fehlt ihm die prachtvolle Wunder und Zeichen, die Jahwes Bunden mit Abram, Noach oder Mose geleiteten. Trotzdem wurde er vom Hagiograph mit allen der Bundstiftung entsprechenden Details beschrieben. Es ist sicher keine klassische Darstellung, aber es gehören dazu alle unentbehrlichen Elemente und zwar in einer originellen Form. Indem Text Neh 9-10 finden wir also Theophanie, Berufung, Volk, Bündnisvoraussetzungen, Segnungen und Verfluchungen für die, die den Bund brechen würden. Ein sehr wichtiges Problem für diesen Text ist die richtige Datierung, was im Fall von Nehemia Buch besonders schwierig ist. Die größte Schwierigkeit ist die Fragmentierung des Buches. Manche Kapitel bestehen aus mehreren ursprünglichen Fragmenten. Das ist eben auch unser Fall. Die „Beschreibung“ des Bundes ist ein Kombination der früheren Texten; die der Redaktor so zusammengestellt hat, um seine eigene Idee auszudrücken. Es ist kaum zu determinieren, wann die Texte entstanden sind. Auf jeden Fall kann man sagen, dass sie endgültige ca. im IV Jh. kompiliert und an die Israeliten der späteren nachexilischen Zeitperiode gerichtet wurden. Der Autor des Textes, der im Artikel Nehemia genannt wird, versucht im Form von einer Bundstiftungbeschreibung, auf überlebenswichtigste Sachen Aufmerksamkeit seiner Landsleuten zu richten. Seines Erachtens sind das: die Reinheit der Nation, Sabbat und eine finanziell stabiles Tempel. Die drei Elemente sollen seiner Meinung nach eine Gewehrleistung dafür sein, dass in der Zukunft eine religiöse und nationale Reform möglich sein konnte.
Horyzonty Polityki
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2016
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vol. 7
|
issue 19
107-131
PL
CEL NAUKOWY: Artykuł ukazuje osobotwórcze znaczenie rodziny w przymierzu Starego Testamentu. W starotestamentalnym objawieniu Boga dokonuje się demitologizacja ludzkiej seksualności, której efektem jest oczyszczenie obrazu transcendentnego Boga z seksual­nych odniesień. Płynąca z niej sekularyzacja ludzkiej sek­sualności nie oznacza wyłączenia jej ze sfery świętej, ale ukazuje płciowość jako część dzieła stworzenia, wiążąc ją z odpowiedzialnością rozumnego i wolnego człowie­ka oraz ze szczególnym błogosławieństwem Boga. Takie oczyszczenie pozwala w miłości mężczyzny i kobiety do­strzec sposób realizowania się przymierza z Bogiem, jak również obraz tego przymierza. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Artykuł wpi­suje się w nurt historycznych badań nad antropologią relacyjną i krytyczną refleksję nad kulturą czasów współ­czesnych. Jego celem jest ukazanie religijnego i osobotwór­czego znaczenia rodziny w strukturze przymierza Starego Testamentu. PROCES WYWODU: Osobotwórcza rola rodziny una­ocznia się w historii Abrahama, w której widoczne jest, że przymierze nie ma wypełnić się przez samo płodzenie potomstwa, ale poprzez wychowanie dzieci, mające religijny charakter, dokonujące się w przestrzeni rodzinnej i łączące się z przekonaniem o budowaniu siły narodu. Bardzo waż­nym elementem tego wychowania jest rodzinna liturgia, z właściwym jej pry­matem ojca, odsyłającym do prymatu Boga Ojca. Szczególna rola ojca ukazuje się w trzech celebracjach: przyniesienia do świątyni i wykupu pierworodnego syna, obrzezania oraz paschy. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Religia Starego Testamentu ma charakter osobotwórczy, tzn. prowadzi do ujawnienia, oświetlenia i dowartościowania podstawowych wymiarów osoby, takich jak: znaczenie płci, relacyjny charakter osoby ze względu na jej zróżnicowanie płciowe, znaczenie ojcostwa, macierzyń­stwa i ludzkiej płodności. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Odczytanie znaczenia tych rodzinnych uroczystości może mieć znaczenie także dzisiaj dla pogłębie­nia więzi rodzinnych i zrozumienia roli rytuałów społecznych oraz religijnych w budowaniu rodziny, która pozostaje pierwszym i podstawowym miejscem tworzenia dojrzałej osobowości każdego człowieka, mężczyzny i kobiety.
Ius Matrimoniale
|
2017
|
vol. 28
|
issue 2
83-106
EN
A close connection between anthropological and theological dimension of marriage triggers a series of problems and requirements in the key of Christian ethics. Marriage as a good gift from the Creator, granted in the divine act of creation (cf. Genesis 1, 26-27), is a natural institution raised by Christ to the dignity of a sacrament. As a result, it constitutes a research subject of both secular and theological sciences, including canon law. As a natural institution, in the Old Testament it is a symbol of the covenant of God’s love to Israel, which confirms its greatness and at the same time is a challenge to cooperate in the act of creation with God (cf. Genesis 1, 28). With time, as a privileged creation of the Creator, marriage received special attention of Jesus Christ, who developed its meaning and importance in the key of new covenant of love between Christ and Church. In the message of St. Paul, marriage not only symbolizes the covenant of God’s love to humans, but is also “a realistic renewal” of this covenant of love (cf. Ephesians 5, 31-32). Thereby, marriage created by the Creator at the beginning of history, reaches in the covenant between Christ and Church (new God’s people) its sacramental dimension as an institution “reconstructing” God’s love to humans. This unique value constitutes for a man and woman, united in marriage, a requirement of faithfulness and permanence of their covenant, modeled of the covenant of God’s love to humans. As far as the unity and indissolubility of marriage is concerned, over the centuries the Christian tradition has taken note of a number of examples of faithful obedience and drastic failure to comply with the rules of marriage. Cultural changes in our century clearly indicate drastic changes in the institution of marriage and family, not only in religious, but also natural dimension and lead to dehumanization of the human person. The destruction of marriage and family as fundamental units of society, leads to its impairment and degradation in cultural and existential aspect.
PL
Papież Franciszek kładzie w swoim nauczaniu i pastoralnej działalności wyjątkowy akcent na potrzebę ewangelizacji, która ma wzbudzić (na nowo) gotowość do ożywienia łaski, wypływającej z przyjętego daru wiary. Zwłaszcza relacja w Trójjedynym Bogiem musi zostać poddana pogłębieniu i zintensyfikowaniu, chodzi tu o odnowienie przymierza z Bogiem, którego podstawą jest cnota miłości, gdzie ujawnia się uprzednie umiłowanie Boga przez człowieka i miłosne oddanie się człowieka swojemu Stwórcy. Franciszek dostrzega wielką potrzebę ożywienia miłości człowieka do Boga, która sprawi, że Jego przykazania są łatwe do spełnienia. Bowiem z zachowania przykazań nie rodzi się miłość do Boga, lecz może powstać swoisty rodzaj moralizmu, który będzie polegał na zewnętrznym spełnianiu nakazów i zakazów, bez autentycznego życia wiarą i z wiary. Miłość człowieka do Boga sprawia, że człowiek chce żyć w prawdzie, która jest prawdziwym gwarantem wolności i przyczynia się do społecznej aplikacji zasady ordo caritatis.
EN
Pope Francis puts special emphasis in his teaching and pastoral activities on the need for evangelisation which is to awaken (reawaken) the readiness to revive the grace that flows out from the gift of faith being received. Especially, the relationship to the Triune God must be deepened and intensified; this is about renewing the covenant with God, the heart of which is the virtue of love in which the love of man for God and his / her loving devotion to his / her Creator is being revealed. Pope Francis sees a great need to revive the love of man for God that will make that His commandments are easy to meet. This is because the love for God does not spring from keeping of commandments only but a special type of moralism may arise which will consist in external fulfilment of orders and prohibitions, without authentic life of faith and with faith. The love of man for God makes him to want to live in truth which is the real guarantor of freedom and contributes to social application of the principle of the ordo caritatis.
Collectanea Theologica
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2018
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vol. 88
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issue 3
39-75
EN
The author shows how the Jewish community in Jerusalem is scrupulousabout their own religion and their allegiance to God and His Temple. On theother hand, 2 Macc reveals a Hellenistic orientation by viewing the Templeas that of the city, as is shown by the progression city-place-Temple (cf. 3:1-3)and by reference to the high priest of the city (cf. 3:9).Our section (3:14-22) focuses on the author’s intention to involve theauditorium in the action, as he highlights the tragic emotion experienced.The classification of roles in the description of the population of the cityis interesting. The priests in their formal attire form a distinct group withthe greatest attention (two verses) given to describing the grief of the highpriest. The males participate in the public supplication (3:18), while themarried women express their grief with bared breasts and sackcloth aroundtheir waists, symbolising their role as child-bearers.The unified narrative conforms to the general pattern of a deity’s defenceof his temple: attackers approach, the defenders ask the deity for help and thedeity responds. There are many examples of this type of narrative such asthe defence of Delphi by Apollo against marauding Persians in 480 B.C.E.,the story told by Herodotus (8:35-39).
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